Growth and nutritional responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are dependent on onion genotype and fungal species

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

Download Full-text

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2002.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (1-2) ◽

pp. 39-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski ◽

Iwona Adamska ◽

Beata Czerniawska

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Field Samples ◽

North Eastern ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Soil Mixtures ◽

Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum Glomeromycota associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is Scutellospora dipurpurescens, followed by Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum, and Scu. armeniaca. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was Festuca rubra. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

Download Full-text

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b01-099 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 79 (10) ◽

pp. 1161-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John N Klironomos ◽

Miranda M Hart ◽

Jane E Gurney ◽

Peter Moutoglis

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

The Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

Download Full-text

Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae in agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania.II. Distribution of arbuscular fungi

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2004.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 123-138

Author(s):

Anna Iwaniuk ◽

Janusz Błaszkowski

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Field Sample ◽

The World ◽

Plant Hosts ◽

North Western

This part of the two-part paper of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota of agricultural soils of the Western Pomerania, north-western Poland, presents the distribution of 26 species of these fungi in both the sites considered in this study and cultivated soils of other regions of Poland and the world investigated previously. The fungi were isolated from both field-collected rhizosphere soil and root mixtures and trap cultures established from each field sample and seeded with three species of plant hosts. Among the fungal species characterized, 18 are of the genus Glomus, one each of the genera Archaeospora, Entrophospora and Paraglomus and three and two of the genera Acaulospora and Scutellospora, respectively.

Download Full-text

DISTRIBUTION OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SOILS POLLUTED WITH INDUSTRIAL AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v25i1pp69-72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

N.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽

JAYRAJ PANDEY ◽

INDU SINGH

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Vam Fungi ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Sewage Effluents ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular

The microbial communities including VAM fungi get affected by the sewage and industrial effluent. About this there is not much information. Soil polluted with sewage effluents supported less VAM population than non-polluted. 44 VAM fungal species were collected and indentified.

Download Full-text

Inoculation of drought-stressed strawberry with a mixed inoculum of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on population dynamics of fungal species in roots and consequential plant tolerance to water deficiency

Mycorrhiza ◽

10.1007/s00572-014-0603-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 215-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Louisa Robinson Boyer ◽

Philip Brain ◽

Xiang-Ming Xu ◽

Peter Jeffries

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Water Deficiency ◽

Mixed Inoculum

Download Full-text

Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil phosphorus patches depends on context

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guangzhou Wang ◽

Xia Li ◽

Peter Christie ◽

Junling Zhang ◽

Xiaolin Li

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Foraging Strategies ◽

Distributed Resources ◽

Hyphal Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

P Supply ◽

Apase Activity

Foraging strategies in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for heterogeneously distributed resources in the soil remain to be explored. We used nylon-mesh bags of 30 μm to simulate patches of different phosphorus (P) supply levels (Expt 1) and P forms (organic v. inorganic, Expts 1 and 2). In Expt 1, host maize (Zea mays) was unfertilised; in each pot, five P-enriched bags were supplied with either Na-phytate or KH2PO4 at P rates of 0 (P0), 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 150 (P150) and 200 (P200) mg P kg–1. In Expt 2, maize plants were supplied with 20 (P20) or 50 (P50) mg P kg–1, and five P-enriched bags were supplied with different P forms (Na-phytate, lecithin, RNA, KH2PO4) and a nil-P control. Three fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus etunicatum) were compared in Expt 1, and the first two species in Expt 2. In Expt 1, the hyphal-length density (HLD) of G. etunicatum was not significantly different among different P levels when supplied with KH2PO4, whereas the HLD of R. irregularis tended to increase at higher P supply (above P50) in the Na-phytate treatment. The HLD of F. mosseae increased at P150 when supplied with KH2PO4, and increased at P100 and P150 in the Na-phytate treatment relative to P0. APase activity levels were more related to P supply level, in particular with F. mosseae inoculation and uninoculated control, showing that P200 significantly reduced APase relative to P0. In Expt 2, greater hyphal growth of both fungal species tended to occur with KH2PO4. At P20, the HLD of R. irregularis in treatments with KH2PO4 and lecithin, and of F. mosseae with KH2PO4, were higher than in P0. At P50, the HLD of F. mosseae was higher than of R. irregularis; but P form had no significant influence on HLD of F. mosseae, whereas the HLD of R. irregularis in the P-amended treatment (except with Na-phytate) was higher than in P0. APase activity did not differ significantly between the two fungal species. Highest APase activity generally occurred with lecithin, with no significant difference among the other P forms. Our results indicate that the response of AMF to P-enriched patches is complex, and both the form and amount of P supplied should be considered. Variations between AMF in the proliferation of hyphae to heterogeneous nutrient patches might be a mechanism by which these species can maintain diversity in intensive agricultural ecosystems.

Download Full-text

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Co-Colonizing on A Single Plant Root System Recruit Distinct Microbiomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-73473/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jiachao Zhou ◽

Xiaofen Chai ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

Timothy S George ◽

Gu Feng

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root System ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Stable Isotope Probing ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Single Root ◽

Extraradical Hyphae

Abstract Background: Plant roots are usually colonized by various arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species which vary in morphological, physiological and genetic traits and constitute the mycorrhizal nutrient uptake pathway (MP) in addition to roots. Simultaneously, the extraradical hyphae of each AM fungus is associated with a community of bacteria. However, whether the community structure and function of microbiome on the extraradical hyphae would differ between the AM fungal species are mostly unknown. Methods: In order to understand the community structure and the predicted functions of the microbiome associated with different AM fungal species, a split-root compartmented rhizobox culturing system, which allowed us to inoculate two AM fungal species separately in two root compartments was used. We inoculated two separate AM fungal species combinations, Funneliformis mosseae ( F.m ) and Gigaspora margarita ( G.m ), Rhizophagus intraradices ( R.i ) and G. margarita, on a single root system of cotton . The hyphal exudate fed active microbiome was measured by combining 13 C-DNA stable isotope probing with Miseq sequencing. Results: We found different AM fungal species, that were simultaneously colonizing on a single root system, hosted distinct active microbiomes from one another. Moreover, the predicted potential functions of the different microbiomes were distinct. Conclusion: We conclude that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi component of the system is responsible for the recruitment distinct microbiomes in the hyphosphere. The potential significance of the predicted functions of the microbiome ecosystem services is discussed.

Download Full-text

Conserved and reproducible bacterial communities associate with extraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/s41396-021-00920-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bryan D. Emmett ◽

Véronique Lévesque-Tremblay ◽

Maria J. Harrison

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Core System ◽

Sand Mixture ◽

Extraradical Hyphae ◽

Fungal Symbiosis

AbstractExtraradical hyphae (ERH) of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) extend from plant roots into the soil environment and interact with soil microbial communities. Evidence of positive and negative interactions between AMF and soil bacteria point to functionally important ERH-associated communities. To characterize communities associated with ERH and test controls on their establishment and composition, we utilized an in-growth core system containing a live soil–sand mixture that allowed manual extraction of ERH for 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling. Across experiments and soils, consistent enrichment of members of the Betaproteobacteriales, Myxococcales, Fibrobacterales, Cytophagales, Chloroflexales, and Cellvibrionales was observed on ERH samples, while variation among samples from different soils was observed primarily at lower taxonomic ranks. The ERH-associated community was conserved between two fungal species assayed, Glomus versiforme and Rhizophagus irregularis, though R. irregularis exerted a stronger selection and showed greater enrichment for taxa in the Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. A distinct community established within 14 days of hyphal access to the soil, while temporal patterns of establishment and turnover varied between taxonomic groups. Identification of a conserved ERH-associated community is consistent with the concept of an AMF microbiome and can aid the characterization of facilitative and antagonistic interactions influencing the plant-fungal symbiosis.

Download Full-text

Acaulospora rehmii and Gigaspora margarita, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) new for Europe and Poland, respectively

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2006.007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 41-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszczykowski ◽

Sławomir Kowalczyk ◽

Beata Czerniawska

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Gigaspora Margarita ◽

First Report ◽

The World ◽

First Time

Morphological characters of spores of Acaulospora rehmii and Gigaspora margarita (Glomeromycota) were described and illustrated. Spores of the two species were found in field-collected mixtures of rhizosphere soil and roots collected in Poland. Attempts to produce spores in trap cultures succeeded only with G. margarita. All attempts to establish one-species cultures of the two fungi failed. Gigaspora margarita was for the first time found in Poland and this paper is the first report of the occurrence of A. rehmii in Europe. The known distribution of the two fungal species in the world is also presented.

Download Full-text