Pediatric neurotrauma in Kathmandu, Nepal: implications for injury management and control

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mukhida ◽  
Mohan R. Sharma ◽  
Sushil K. Shilpakar
Keyword(s):  
Injury Management ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Efek terapi oksigen hiperbarik terhadap nilai Montreal Cognitive Assesment Indonesia (MoCA-INA) pada pasien cedera otak traumatik ringan

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leonardo V. Sagay ◽  
Maximillian Ch. Oley ◽  
Mendy J. Hatibie ◽  
Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Filma L. F. G. Langi
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Injury Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Trial ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cognitive Disturbance

Abstract: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) uses 100% oxygen at a pressure of more than 1 ATM in a chamber, therefore, it can improve the state of tissue hypoxia. This study was aimed to prove that TOHB could increase the MoCA-INA score in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This study was carried out at the Surgery Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado using the pre and post trial design. Subjects were 20 patients with mTBI divided into two groups: treated with HBOT and control group (without HBOT). Each patient involved would be examined for MoCA-INA before and after treatment or with HBOT added. The results showed that before treatment, the MoCA-INA scores tended to be evenly distributed around 36 (SD 5). The score increased to 71 (SD 10) at post-injury management or a mean increase of 35 points (p<0.001 in the paired two-sample t-test). However, there was no significat difference in MoCA-INA scores between the first and the second measurements. The density of the two groups clearly overlapped even though the variation of MoCA-INA scores of the HBOT group was much wider than that of the control group (p=0.302 and 0.297 in the first and second measurements, respectively). There was no cognitive disturbance either mild, moderate, or severe in all patients. In conclusion, there was an increase of the MoCA-INA value in mTBI patients after treatment. The patients treated with HBOT showed wider variation of MoCA-INA score of pre and post HBOT than those without HBOT Keywords: HBOT; mTBI; MoCA-INA; cognitive function Abstrak: Terapi oksigen hiperbarik (TOHB) menggunakan oksigen 100% pada tekanan lebih dari 1 ATM dalam sebuah chamber sehingga dapat memperbaiki keadaan hipoksia jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa TOHB dapat meningkatkan nilai MoCA-INA pada pasien cedera otak traumatik ringan (COTr). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Bagian Bedah RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado dengan menggunakan pre and posttrial design. Subyek penelitian ialah 20 pasien COTr dibagi dalam dua kelompok: dengan dan tanpa TOHB (kelompok kontrol). Setiap subyek diperiksa MoCA-INA sebelum dan sesudah penatalaksanaan cedera/disertai TOHB. Sebelum penatalaksanaan cedera, rerata skor MoCA-INA sekitar 36 (SD 5) dan nilai tersebut meningkat menjadi 71 (SD 10) pasca penatalaksanaan cedera atau kenaikan rerata 35 poin (p<0,001 pada uji t dua sampel berpasangan). Tidak tampak perbedaan skor MoCA-INA baik pada pengukuran pertama maupun kedua. Densitas kedua kelompok terlihat jelas tumpang tindih sekalipun variasi skor MoCA-INA group TOHB jauh lebih lebar daripada group kontrol (p=0,302 dan 0,297 masing-masing pada pengukuran pertama dan kedua). Tidak terlihat adanya gangguan kognitif ringan sedang maupun berat pada semua pasien. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat peningkatan nilai MoCA-INA pada pasien COTr. Pasien dengan TOHB memperlihatkan variasi skor MoCA-INA yang lebih besar pada pre dan pasca TOHB.Kata kunci: TOHB; COT; MoCA-INA; gangguan kognitif

A Practical Guide to Electrical Therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Injuries ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Injury Management ◽  
Electrical Therapy ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tremendous Challenge

Electrical therapy is a popular therapeutic modality for the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. Electrical stimulation is commonly used to elicit muscle contraction, reduce edema, and control pain. However, electrical therapy can also be a tremendous challenge for clinicians. The purpose of this paper is to present current and accurate information that will serve as a guide In the use of electrical therapy for the effective management of athletic injuries. With an understanding of the basic current types provided by various electrical stimulators and the modifications of the currents that are available, electrical therapy becomes an invaluable tool for injury management and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Discussion on the Identification of Work-related Injuries of “Shared Employees”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Keyong Wan ◽  
Qianwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Injury Management ◽  
Work Related ◽  
General Mode ◽  
And Control ◽  
Industrial Injury

With the start of the special era in 2020, the employment model of businesses has been confronted with new issues. As a kind of flexible employment, the “shared employee” has gotten a lot of attention, and the injuries that come with it have also gotten a lot of attention. Comparative analysis of the general mode of industrial injury of employment and casualties of “shared employee” of industrial injury and “share employees” cause person casualties of industrial injury related concerns based on the analysis on the basis of “shared employee” labor properties. Such as the model of “shared employee” recruiting, industrial injury management systems perfectly provide theoretical perspective, and appropriate thinking about industrial injury, risk prevention, and control is put forward from the perspectives of the country, enterprise, and employees.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

A Superconducting Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Worsham ◽  
J. E. Mann ◽  
E. G. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electrical Instability ◽  
Radiation Shields ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thermal Oscillations ◽  
Flux Pump

This superconducting microscope, Figure 1, was first operated in May, 1970. The column, which started life as a Siemens Elmiskop I, was modified by removing the objective and intermediate lenses, the specimen chamber, and the complete vacuum system. The large cryostat contains the objective lens and stage. They are attached to the bottom of the 7-liter helium vessel and are surrounded by two vapor-cooled radiation shields.In the initial operational period 5-mm and 2-mm focal length objective lens pole pieces were used giving magnification up to 45000X. Without a stigmator and precision ground pole pieces, a resolution of about 50-100Å was achieved. The boil-off rate of the liquid helium was reduced to 0.2-0.3ℓ/hour after elimination of thermal oscillations in the cryostat. The calculated boil-off was 0.2ℓ/hour. No effect caused by mechanical or electrical instability was found. Both 4.2°K and 1.7-1.9°K operation were routine. Flux pump excitation and control of the lens were quite smooth, simple, and, apparently highly stable. Alignment of the objective lens proved quite awkward, however, with the long-thin epoxy glass posts used for supporting the lens.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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