STRATEGI KRITIK CERPEN “TELINGA” TERHADAP ORBA: MENINJAU STRUKTUR PRODUKSI DAN IDEOLOGI TEKS

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi kritik cerpen “Telinga” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma (SGA) terhadap rezim Orde Baru (Orba) Indonesia. Hal tersebut akan dijelaskan dengan cara meninjau struktur produksi dan ideologi teks cerpen “Telinga” karya SGA. Untuk menjelaskannya, penelitian ini menggunakan teori kritik sastra materialistis Terry Eagleton. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode dialektika. Metode ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk menjelaskan ideologi teks sebagai produk pengolahan estetik atas struktur produksi pada masa Orba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, cerpen “Telinga” sebagai kritik hadir dengan cara menerobos struktur produksi pada masa Orba yang selalu diatur oleh pemerintah. Struktur produksi pada masa Orba yang berkaitan dengan corak produksi umum didominasi oleh pemerintah. Segala bentuk produksi diatur sehingga muncul ideologi umum represif yang berada dalam naungan ideologi Pancasila. Hal tersebut memengaruhi corak produksi sastra yang dituntut untuk pro-pemerintah. Namun, ideologi kepengarangan SGA justru hadir sebagai bentuk resistensi kepada pemerintah sehingga ideologi estetik dalam cerpen “Telinga” berbentuk kontradiksi dengan ideologi umum pada masa Orba. Kedua, kritik cerpen “Telinga” diartikulasikan dengan ideologi teks yang hadir melalui simbol-simbol. Dalam manifestasinya, cerpen “Telinga” berhasil mengkritik Orba dengan cara menyampaikan fakta realitas tanpa harus digugat oleh pemerintah. Kritik tersebut pada gilirannya juga memanfaatkan narasi satire. Dengan demikian, cerpen “Telinga” sebagai kritik dinaturalisasikan melalui ruang estetik untuk mengungkap fakta yang dibungkam pada masa Orba.KATA KUNCI: Struktur produksi; estetik; ideologi teks; Orde Baru (Orba); Terry Eagleton “TELINGA” SHORT STORY CRITICISM STRATEGY TOWARDS THE ORBA: REVIEWING PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND IDEOLOGY OF THE TEXT ABSTRACT: This research aims to explain the strategy of “Telinga” short story by Seno Gumira Ajidarma (SGA) towards the Indonesian New Order (Orba) regime. It will be explained by reviewing the production structure and ideology of the text of “Telinga” short story by SGA. This research uses Terry Eagleton’s literature’s materialistic criticism theory. The method used in this research is the dialectical method. This method allows the researcher to explain the ideology of the text as a product of aesthetic processing of the production structure during the Orba era. The results showed the following. First, “Telinga” short story as a criticism comes by breaking through the production structure during the Orba era which was always regulated by the government. The production structure during the Orba era related to the general mode of production was dominated by the government. All forms of production are regulated in order that a repressive general ideology emerges under the auspices of the Pancasila ideology. This affected the literary mode of production which was demanded to support the government. However, the SGA’s authorship ideology actually exists as a form of resistance againts the government in order that the aesthetic ideology in “Telinga” short story contradicts the general ideology during the Orba era. Second, “Telinga” short story criticism is articulated with the ideology of the text which is present through symbols. In its manifestation, “Telinga” short story successfully criticizes the Orba regime by delivering reality-based fact without any accusation by government. The critic on its turn also applies satire narracy. Therefore, “Telinga” short story as criticism naturalized through an aesthetic space to reveal silenced fact during the Orba era.KEYWORDS: Production structure; aesthetic; ideology of the text; New Order (Orba); Terry Eagleton

Discussion on the Identification of Work-related Injuries of “Shared Employees”

With the start of the special era in 2020, the employment model of businesses has been confronted with new issues. As a kind of flexible employment, the “shared employee” has gotten a lot of attention, and the injuries that come with it have also gotten a lot of attention. Comparative analysis of the general mode of industrial injury of employment and casualties of “shared employee” of industrial injury and “share employees” cause person casualties of industrial injury related concerns based on the analysis on the basis of “shared employee” labor properties. Such as the model of “shared employee” recruiting, industrial injury management systems perfectly provide theoretical perspective, and appropriate thinking about industrial injury, risk prevention, and control is put forward from the perspectives of the country, enterprise, and employees.

ESRFuzzer: an enhanced fuzzing framework for physical SOHO router devices to discover multi-Type vulnerabilities

SOHO (small office/home office) routers provide services for end devices to connect to the Internet, playing an important role in cyberspace. Unfortunately, security vulnerabilities pervasively exist in these routers, especially in the web server modules, greatly endangering end users. To discover these vulnerabilities, fuzzing web server modules of SOHO routers is the most popular solution. However, its effectiveness is limited due to the lack of input specification, lack of routers’ internal running states, and lack of testing environment recovery mechanisms. Moreover, existing works for device fuzzing are more likely to detect memory corruption vulnerabilities.In this paper, we propose a solution ESRFuzzer to address these issues. It is a fully automated fuzzing framework for testing physical SOHO devices. It continuously and effectively generates test cases by leveraging two input semantic models, i.e., KEY-VALUE data model and CONF-READ communication model, and automatically recovers the testing environment with power management. It also coordinates diversified mutation rules with multiple monitoring mechanisms to trigger multi-type vulnerabilities. With the guidance of the two semantic models, ESRFuzzer can work in two ways: general mode fuzzing and D-CONF mode fuzzing. General mode fuzzing can discover both issues which occur in the CONF and READ operation, while D-CONF mode fuzzing focus on the READ-op issues especially missed by general mode fuzzing.We ran ESRFuzzer on 10 popular routers across five vendors. In total, it discovered 136 unique issues, 120 of which have been confirmed as 0-day vulnerabilities we found. As an improvement of SRFuzzer, ESRFuzzer have discovered 35 previous undiscovered READ-op issues that belong to three vulnerability types, and 23 of them have been confirmed as 0-day vulnerabilities by vendors. The experimental results show that ESRFuzzer outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of types and number of vulnerabilities found.

IDEOLOGI KEPENGARANGAN DALAM BUKU PUISI 99 UNTUK TUHANKU KARYA EMHA AINUN NADJIB

The poetry book “99 untuk Tuhanku” which was first published in 1983 by Penerbit Pustaka – Perpustakaan Salman ITB Bandung, is the work of Emha Ainun Nadjib (EAN), a well-known writer from Indonesia. The figure of EAN is known for his writings, whether in the form of essays, prose, drama scripts, or poems that are religious, but at the same time critical in looking at the problems of life, including against power in Indonesia. This paper aims to dismantle the EAN Authorial Ideology in poetry book “99 untuk Tuhanku” by using the materialistic literary theory by Terry Eagleton. In dismantling the Authorial Ideology, it will first outline several aspects of external constituents such as the General Mode of Production, Literary Mode of Production, and General Ideology. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results obtained are the Authorial Ideology produced by EAN is humanism-religious and sufism. Meanwhile, the ideology of the New Order regime (General Ideology) is authoritarianism, militarism, and capitalism. The ideology that was contested by EAN, instead of being a resistance ideology for power, has the potential to become an adaptive ideology and potentially perpetuate the dominance of the New Order regime.

Electric power emergency drill evaluation based on factor analysis

This paper explores an evaluation method to evaluate the performance of participants in electric power emergency drill, expounds various important activities in electric power emergency drill, and summarizes the general mode of emergency drill. This paper introduces the principle of factor analysis and the principal component method, then uses this method to find common factors in a series of evaluation indexes, finally takes factor score as evaluation score directly. This comprehensive evaluation method can reduce the number of evaluation indexes by looking for commonness among many indexes.

Detection of preQ0 deazaguanine modifications in bacteriophage CAjan DNA using Nanopore sequencing reveals same hypermodification at two distinct DNA motifs

In the constant evolutionary battle against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacteria have developed several defense mechanisms, some of which target the incoming, foreign nucleic acids e.g. restriction-modification (R-M) or CRISPR-Cas systems. Some of these MGEs, including bacteriophages, have in turn evolved different strategies to evade these hurdles. It was recently shown that the siphophage CAjan and 180 other viruses use 7-deazaguanine modifications in their DNA to evade bacterial R-M systems. Among others, phage CAjan genome contains a gene coding for a DNA-modifying homolog of a tRNA-deazapurine modification enzyme, together with four 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine synthesis genes. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool combined with the Nanopore Sequencing (ONT) we showed that the 7-deazaguanine modification in the CAjan genome is dependent on phage-encoded genes. The modification is also site-specific and is found mainly in two separate DNA sequence contexts: GA and GGC. Homology modeling of the modifying enzyme DpdA provides insight into its probable DNA binding surface and general mode of DNA recognition.

What does it take to be antiviral? An Argonaute-centered perspective on plant antiviral defense

RNA silencing is a major mechanism of constitutive antiviral defense in plants, mediated by a number of proteins, including the Dicer-like (DCL) and Argonaute (AGO) endoribonucleases. Both DCL and AGO protein families comprise multiple members. In particular, the AGO protein family has expanded considerably in different plant lineages, with different family members having specialized functions. Although the general mode of action of AGO proteins is well established, the properties that make different AGO proteins more or less efficient at targeting viruses are less well understood. In this report, we review methodologies used to study AGO antiviral activity and current knowledge about which AGO family members are involved in antiviral defense. In addition, we discuss what is known about the different properties of AGO proteins thought to be associated with this function.

KRITIK MATERIALISTIK TEKS SASTRA MAJALAH PANDJI POESTAKA (1943--1945)

<p>ABSTRAK<br /> <br />Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan struktur ideologi Teks Sastra dalam Majalah Pandji Poestaka pada masa<br />pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia (1943-1945). Pendekatan teori yang digunakan adalah materialisme yang<br />dipaparkan oleh Eagleton. Kritik sastra materialistik mangasumsikan bahwa teks sastra tidak bertindak pasif, tetapi<br />secara aktif menentukan proses produksi dan struktur ideologi yang membentuknya. Karya sastra merupakan produk<br />interaksi dan artikulasi aspek eksternal dan internal teks. Skema kritik sastra materialistik memosisikan aspek<br />eksternal berada di luar teks yang terdiri atas kontituen-kontituen ideologi yang meliputi: corak produksi umum,<br />ideologi umum, corak produksi sastra, ideologi kepegarangan, dan ideologi estetik. Internal teks merujuk pada<br />ideologi teks yang merupakan produk dari interaksi dan artikulasi kontituen-kontituen eksternal teks yang telah<br />dijabarkan sebelumnya dan membentuk serangkaian tegangan, pengolahan dan transformasi. Hasil Penelitian<br />ini menunjukkan bahwa teks yang berupa Teks Sastra dalam Majalah Pandji Poestaka merupakan hasil artikulasi<br />dominasi kekuasaan Jepang yang menerapkan sistem pemerintahan fasisme-militersme. Mobilization and Control <br />merupakan teknik Jepang guna mendominasi kekuatan dan relasi produksi di Indonesia. Dominasi tersebut<br />mengakibatkan tekanan dan ketimpangan dalam masyarakat, sehingga memunculkan kontestasi ideologi yang<br />diusung oleh para pejuang nasionalis, gerakan bawah tanah, hingga pemberontakan masyarakat kelas bawah yaitu<br />petani. Simpulannya pemberontakan tesebut melahirkan ideologi nasionalisme, sosialisme hingga anarkisme yang<br />memiliki cita-cita yang sama yaitu semangat kebebasan, anti imperialisme, kemerdekaan dan bayangan akan sebuah<br />bangsa (nation). <br /> <br />Kata Kunci: Struktur Ideologi, Teks Sastra Pandji Poestaka, Materialisme Eagleton.<br /> <br /> <br />ABSTRACT<br /> <br />This study describes the ideology structure of Teks Sastra in Pandji Poestaka magazine during the Japanese <br />colonial Indonesia (1943-1945). Theory applied in this study is Eagleton’s materialism. This critic concerns on how<br />a literary work acts in the process of production and in shaping the ideology structure. In this case, a literary work<br />is regarded as a product of interaction and articulation in external and internal aspects of the text. The materialism<br />critic places the external aspect outside the text, includes ideology constituents, such as general mode of production,<br />general ideology, literary mode of production, author ideology, and aesthetic ideology. Meanwhile, this critic refers<br />the internal aspect to ideology of the text. This ideology is a product of those constituents’ interaction and<br />articulation that form a sequence of exertions, accomplishment, and transformation. The result of the study<br />shows that the text Teks Sastra in Panjdi Poestaka magazine is articulation of Japanese domination that applied<br />fascism-militarism in their colonial. In order to dominate the strength and the production relation in Indonesia,<br />Japan also uses mobilization and control technic. Therefore, there is inequality in society and they are pressured.<br />This leads the society to do many kinds of struggle to fight the Japanese domination. The struggles produce the</p><p><br />ideology of nationalism, anti-imperialism. Besides, Indonesian wants to reach the Independence and to have a<br />nation.</p><p>Key Words: Structure of Ideology, Teks Sastra Pandji Poestaka, Materialism, Eagleton.</p>