A case study of effects of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence, wind speed, and stability on wind farm induced temperature changes using observations from a field campaign

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2179-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Xia ◽  
Liming Zhou ◽  
Jeffrey M. Freedman ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Ronald A. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Boundary Layer Turbulence

Mean Offshore Refractive Conditions during the CASPER East Field Campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Ulate ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Tracy Haack ◽  
Teddy Holt ◽  
Denny P. Alappattu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Lower Height

AbstractIn this study, we use observational and numerical model data from the Coupled Air Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER) field campaign to describe the mean refractive conditions offshore Duck, North Carolina. The U.S. Navy operational numerical weather prediction model known as the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) performed well forecasting large-scale conditions during the experiment, with an observed warm bias in SST and cold and dry biases in temperature and humidity in the lowest 2000 m. In general, COAMPS underpredicted the number of ducts, and they were weaker and at lower height than those seen in observations. It was found that there is a noticeable diurnal evolution of the ducts, more over land than over the ocean. Ducts were found to be more frequent over land but overall were stronger and deeper over the ocean. Also, the evaporative duct height increases as one moves offshore. A case study was chosen to describe the electromagnetic properties under different synoptic conditions. In this case the continental atmospheric boundary layer dominates and interacts with the marine atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, the latter moves around 80 km offshore and then back inland after 2 h.

Hierarchical similarity in the atmospheric boundary layer turbulence

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Gang ◽  
Li Xin ◽  
Jiang Weimei ◽  
Li Min
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layer Turbulence

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Dome C Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence with a Non-Doppler Acoustic Radar

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
J.S. Lawrence ◽  
M.C.B. Ashley ◽  
C.S. Bonner ◽  
S. Bradley ◽  
D. Luong-Van ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layer Turbulence

scholarly journals An Analytical Model for the Regeneration of Wind after Exiting a Wind Farm

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
Brian Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Equilibrium Calculation ◽  
Friction Pressure

The simplest model for an atmospheric boundary layer assumes a uniform steady wind over a certain depth, of order 1 km, with the forces of friction, pressure gradient and Coriolis in balance. A linear model is here employed for the adjustment of wind to this equilibrium, as the wake of a very wide wind farm. A length scale is predicted for the exponential adjustment to equilibrium. Calculation of this length scale is aided by knowledge of the angle for which the wind would normally cross the isobars in environmental conditions in the wake.

scholarly journals Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers and Diurnal Cycles: Challenges for Weather and Climate Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. M. Holtslag ◽  
G. Svensson ◽  
P. Baas ◽  
S. Basu ◽  
B. Beare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Weather And Climate

The representation of the atmospheric boundary layer is an important part of weather and climate models and impacts many applications such as air quality and wind energy. Over the years, the performance in modeling 2-m temperature and 10-m wind speed has improved but errors are still significant. This is in particular the case under clear skies and low wind speed conditions at night as well as during winter in stably stratified conditions over land and ice. In this paper, the authors review these issues and provide an overview of the current understanding and model performance. Results from weather forecast and climate models are used to illustrate the state of the art as well as findings and recommendations from three intercomparison studies held within the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). Within GABLS, the focus has been on the examination of the representation of the stable boundary layer and the diurnal cycle over land in clear-sky conditions. For this purpose, single-column versions of weather and climate models have been compared with observations, research models, and large-eddy simulations. The intercomparison cases are based on observations taken in the Arctic, Kansas, and Cabauw in the Netherlands. From these studies, we find that even for the noncloudy boundary layer important parameterization challenges remain.

Evaluation of regional NWP results for sea ice covered Bothnia Bay (Baltic Sea) in winter 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wenta ◽  
Agnieszka Herman
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Complex Processes

<p>The ongoing development of NWP (Numerical Weather Prediction) models and their increasing horizontal resolution have significantly improved forecasting capabilities. However, in the polar regions models struggle with the representation of near-surface atmospheric properties and the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over sea ice. Particularly difficult to resolve are near-surface temperature, wind speed, and humidity, along with diurnal changes of those properties. Many of the complex processes happening at the interface of sea ice and atmosphere, i.e. vertical fluxes, turbulence, atmosphere - surface coupling are poorly parameterized or not represented in the models at all. Limited data coverage and our poor understanding of the complex processes taking place in the polar ABL limit the development of suitable parametrizations. We try to contribute to the ongoing effort to improve the forecast skill in polar regions through the analysis of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and automatic weather station (AWS) atmospheric measurements from the coastal area of Bothnia Bay (Wenta et. al., 2021), and the application of those datasets for the analysis of regional NWP models' forecasts. </p><p>Data collected during HAOS (Hailuoto Atmospheric Observations over Sea ice) campaign (Wenta et. al., 2021) is used for the evaluation of regional NWP models results from AROME (Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale) - Arctic, HIRLAM (High Resolution Limited Area Model) and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting). The presented analysis focuses on 27 Feb. 2020 - 2 Mar. 2020, the time of the HAOS campaign, shortly after the formation of new, thin sea ice off the westernmost point of Hailuoto island.  Throughout the studied period weather conditions changed from very cold (-14℃), dry and cloud-free to warmer (~ -5℃), more humid and opaquely cloudy. We evaluate models’ ability to correctly resolve near-surface temperature, humidity, and wind speed, along with vertical changes of temperature and humidity over the sea ice. It is found that generally, models struggle with an accurate representation of surface-based temperature inversions, vertical variations of humidity, and temporal wind speed changes. Furthermore, a WRF Single Columng Model (SCM) is launched to study whether specific WRF planetary boundary layer parameterizations (MYJ, YSU, MYNN, QNSE), vertical resolution, and more accurate representation of surface conditions increase the WRF model’s ability to resolve the ABL above sea ice in the Bay of Bothnia. Experiments with WRF SCM are also used to determine the possible reasons behind model’s biases. Preliminary results show that accurate representation of sea ice conditions, including thickness, surface temperature, albedo, and snow coverage is crucial for increasing the quality of NWP models forecasts. We emphasize the importance of further development of parametrizations focusing on the processes at the sea ice-atmosphere interface.</p><p> </p><p>Reference:</p><p>Wenta, M., Brus, D., Doulgeris, K., Vakkari, V., and Herman, A.: Winter atmospheric boundary layer observations over sea ice in the coastal zone of the Bay of Bothnia (Baltic Sea), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 33–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-33-2021, 2021. </p><p><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>

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