scholarly journals Adherence to a healthy Nordic diet and risk of type 2 diabetes among men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Mari Tertsunen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Eastern Finland ◽  
Lower Adherence

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between healthy Nordic diet and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland. Methods A total of 2332 men aged 42–60 years and free of T2D at baseline in 1984–1989 were included. Diet was assessed with 4-day food records at baseline and the healthy Nordic diet score was calculated based on a modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. T2D diagnosis was based on self-administered questionnaires, fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose measurements, or by record linkage to national health registries. Cox proportional hazards regression and analysis of covariance were used for analyses. Results During the mean follow-up of 19.3 years, 432 men (18.5%) were diagnosed with T2D. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for T2D in the lowest vs. the highest quartile of the healthy Nordic diet score was 1.35 (95% CI 1.03–1.76) (P trend across quartiles 0.028). Lower adherence to healthy Nordic diet was also associated with higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Conclusions In this prospective population-based cohort study among middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland, lower adherence to healthy Nordic diet was associated with higher risk of T2D and higher plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations.

scholarly journals Risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001500
Author(s):  
Nobuo Sasaki ◽  
Ryoji Ozono ◽  
Ryo Maeda ◽  
Yukihito Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Early Stages

IntroductionLittle is known about the risk of hypertension in patients with the early stage of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the risk of hypertension in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 2136 middle-aged participants (1022 with normal fasting glucose/normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT), 418 with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 466 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 230 with diabetes) and 3426 elderly participants (1762 with NFG/NGT, 599 with IFG, 781 with IGT, and 284 with diabetes). All participants underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline.ResultsOver a median 59-month follow-up period, 459 middle-aged and 1170 elderly participants developed hypertension. In middle-aged participants, the odds of incident hypertension were significantly higher in those with IFG (OR 1.40; p=0.019), IGT (OR 1.49; p=0.004), and diabetes (OR 1.55; p=0.013) than those with NFG/NGT, which was no longer significant after adjustment for body mass index. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was significantly higher in diabetes than NFG/NGT only in participants without obesity. Conversely, obesity was a risk factor of hypertension only in those with IFG and NFG/NGT. In elderly participants, there was no difference in the risk of hypertension among the NFG/NGT, IFG, IGT and diabetes groups.ConclusionsThe risk of hypertension is modest in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Our findings suggest that the early stages of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes may be a key period for reducing hypertension, given the pronounced risk of hypertension in patients with diabetes reported in previous studies. In terms of reducing the risk for hypertension, obesity treatment might be advantageous in the early stages rather than the advanced stages of impaired glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Postload Plasma Glucose in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rie Oka ◽  
Kyoko Shibata ◽  
Masaru Sakurai ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kometani ◽  
Masakazu Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Transition Age ◽  
Japanese Workers ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Observation Period

We aimed to clarify how the trajectories of 1-hour postload plasma glucose (PG) and 2-hour PG were different in the development of type 2 diabetes. Using data of repeated health checkups in Japanese workers from April 2006 to March 2016, longitudinal changes of fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour PG on the oral glucose tolerance test were analyzed with a linear mixed effects model. Of the 1464 nondiabetic subjects at baseline, 112 subjects progressed to type 2 diabetes during the observation period (progressors). In progressors, 1-hour PG and 2-hour PG showed gradual increases with slopes of 1.33 ± 0.2 and 0.58 ± 0.2 mg/dL/year, respectively, followed by a steep increase by which they attained diabetes. Until immediately before the diabetes transition, age- and sex-adjusted mean level of 2-hour PG was 149 ± 2.7 mg/dL, 34 ± 2.7 (30%) higher compared to nonprogressors, while that of 1-hour PG was 206 ± 4.1 mg/dL, 60 ± 4.3 mg/dL (41%) higher compared to nonprogressors. In conclusion, diabetes transition was preceded by a mild elevation of 2-hour PG for several years or more. The elevation in 1-hour PG was larger than that of 2-hour PG until immediately before the transition to diabetes.

Differential effects of age and type 2 diabetes on dynamic vs. peak response of pulmonary oxygen uptake during exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn O'Connor ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
Catherine Kiely ◽  
Donal O'Shea ◽  
Mikel Egaña
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vascular Conductance

We investigated if the magnitude of the type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced impairments in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2) and V̇o2 kinetics was affected by age. Thirty-three men with T2D (15 middle-aged, 18 older), and 21 nondiabetic (ND) men (11 middle-aged, 10 older) matched by age were recruited. Participants completed four 6-min bouts of constant-load cycling at 80% ventilatory threshold for the determination of V̇o2 kinetics. Cardiac output (inert-gas rebreathing) was recorded at rest and 30 and 240 s during two additional bouts. Peak V̇o2 (determined from a separate graded test) was significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in middle-aged and older men with T2D compared with their respective ND counterparts (middle-aged, 3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 l/min; older, 2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.4 ± 0.4 l/min), and the magnitude of these impairments was not affected by age. However, the time constant of phase II of the V̇o2 response was only slowed ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D compared with healthy counterparts, whereas it was similar among older men with and without T2D (middle-aged, 26.8 ± 9.3 vs. 41.6 ± 12.1 s; older, 40.5 ± 7.8 vs. 41.1 ± 8.5 s). Similarly, the “gains” in systemic vascular conductance (estimated from the slope between cardiac output and mean arterial pressure responses) were lower ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged men with T2D than ND controls, but similar between the older groups. The results suggest that the mechanisms by which T2D induces significant reductions in peak exercise performance are linked to a slower dynamic response of V̇o2 and reduced systemic vascular conductance responses in middle-aged men, whereas this is not the case in older men.

scholarly journals Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Ahuja ◽  
Pasi Aronen ◽  
TA Pramod Kumar ◽  
Helen Looker ◽  
Angela Chetrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

<b>Objective </b>One-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is an accurate predictor of type 2 diabetes. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the optimum cut-off of 1-h PG to detect type 2 diabetes using 2-h PG as the gold standard. <p><b>Research Design and Methods </b>We included 15 studies with 35,551 participants from multiple ethnic groups (53.8% Caucasian) and 2705 newly detected cases of diabetes based on 2-h PG during OGTT. We excluded cases identified only by elevated fasting plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. We determined the optimal 1-h PG threshold and its accuracy at this cut-off to detect diabetes (2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L) using a mixed linear effects regression model with different weights to sensitivity/specificity (2/3, 1/2, and 1/3). </p> <p><b>Results</b> Three cut-offs of 1-h PG at 10.6 mmol/L, 11.6 mmol/L, and 12.5 mmol/L had sensitivities of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.87 and specificities of 0.86, 0.91, and 0.94 at weights 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively. The cut-off of 11.6 mmol/L (95% CI 10.6, 12.6) had a sensitivity 0.92 (0.87, 0.95), specificity of 0.91 (0.88, 0.93), AUC 0.939 (95% confidence region for sensitivity at a given specificity: 0.904, 0.946), and a positive predictive value of 45%.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b> The 1-h PG of ≥ 11.6 mmol/L during OGTT <a>has a </a>good sensitivity and specificity for detecting type 2 diabetes. Prescreening with a diabetes-specific risk calculator to identify high-risk individuals is suggested to decrease the proportion of false-positive cases. Studies including other ethnic groups and assessing complication risk are warranted.</p>

Feasibility and safety of a walking football program in middle-aged and older men with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barbosa ◽  
João Brito ◽  
Júlio Costa ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
André Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Middle Aged

scholarly journals Healthy Nordic diet and risk of disease death among men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545-3553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna-Mari Tertsunen ◽  
Sari Hantunen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nordic Diet ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between healthy Nordic diet and risk of disease death in middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland. Methods A total of 1547 men aged 42–60 years and free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and type 2 diabetes at baseline in 1984–1989 were included. Diet was assessed with 4-day food records at baseline and the healthy Nordic diet score was calculated based on the Baltic Sea Diet Score. The incidence of death was assessed by a computer linkage to the national cause of death register. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the healthy Nordic diet score and mortality. Results During the mean follow-up of 23.6 years (SD 7.0), 576 men died due to disease: 250 due to CVD, 194 due to cancer and 132 due to other diseases. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) in the lowest vs. the highest quartile of the healthy Nordic diet score were 1.27 (1.01–1.59) for any disease death (P-trend across quartiles < 0.001), 1.39 (0.99–1.97, P-trend = 0.049) for CVD death, 1.26 (0.84–1.89, P-trend = 0.316) for cancer death and 1.04 (0.65–1.68, P-trend = 0.563) for other disease deaths. Conclusions In this prospective population-based cohort study among middle-aged and older men, low adherence to a healthy Nordic diet was associated with a higher risk of any disease death, possibly largely attributable to higher CVD mortality.

scholarly journals 30-minute postload plasma glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test predict the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Hisayama Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001156
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Hirakawa ◽  
Jun Hata ◽  
Masahito Yoshinari ◽  
Mayu Higashioka ◽  
Daigo Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

IntroductionTo investigate the associations of 30 min postload plasma glucose (30 mPG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the risk of future diabetes in a general Japanese population.Research design and methodsA total of 2957 Japanese community-dwelling residents without diabetes, aged 40–79 years, participated in the examinations in 2007 and 2008 (participation rate, 77.1%). Among them, 2162 subjects who received 75 g OGTT in a fasting state with measurements of plasma glucose level at 0, 30, and 120 min were followed up for 7 years (2007–2014). Cox’s proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs of each index for the development of type 2 diabetes using continuous variables and quartiles with adjustment for traditional risk factors. The influence of 30 mPG on the predictive ability was estimated with Harrell’s C-statistics, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and the continuous net reclassification index (cNRI).ResultsDuring follow-up, 275 subjects experienced type 2 diabetes. Elevated 30 mPG levels were significantly associated with increased risk of developing diabetes (p<0.01 for trend): the multivariable-adjusted HR was 8.41 (95% CI 4.97 to 14.24) for the highest versus the lowest quartile, and 2.26 (2.04 to 2.52) per 1 SD increase. This association was attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels. Incorporation of 30 mPG into the model including traditional risk factors with fasting and 2-hour postload plasma glucose levels for diabetes improved the predictive ability of type 2 diabetes (improvement in Harrell’s C-statistics values: from 0.828 to 0.839, p<0.01; IDI: 0.016, p<0.01; cNRI: 0.103, p=0.37).ConclusionsElevated 30 mPG levels were associated with increased risk of diabetes, and inclusion of 30 mPG levels significantly improved the predictive ability for future diabetes, suggesting that 30 mPG may be useful for identifying high-risk populations for type 2 diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document