scholarly journals Change to a healthy diet in people over 70 years old: the PREDIMED experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Casas ◽  
Margarida Ribó-Coll ◽  
Emilio Ros ◽  
Montserrat Fitó ◽  
Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Purpose It is difficult to change dietary habits and maintain them in the long run, particularly in elderly people. We aimed to assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular risk factor were similar in the middle-aged and oldest participants in the PREDIMED study. Methods We analyzed participants belonging to the first and fourth quartiles of age (Q1 and Q4, respectively) to compare between-group differences in adherence to the nutritional intervention and cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) control during a 3-year follow-up. All participants underwent yearly clinical, nutritional, and laboratory assessments during the following. Results A total of 2278 patients were included (1091 and 1187 in Q1 and Q4, respectively). At baseline, mean ages were 59.6 ± 2.1 years in Q1 and 74.2 ± 2.6 years in Q4. In Q4, there were more women, greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower obesity and smoking rates than the younger cohort (P ≤ 0.001, all). Adherence to the MedDiet was similar in Q1 and Q4 at baseline (mean 8.7 of 14 points for both) and improved significantly (P < 0.01) and to a similar extent (mean 10.2 and 10.0 points, respectively) during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure, low density–lipoprotein cholesterol, and body weight were similarly reduced at 3 years in Q1 and Q4 participants. Conclusion The youngest and oldest participants showed improved dietary habits and CRFs to a similar extent after 3 years’ intervention. Therefore, it is never too late to improve dietary habits and ameliorate CRF in high-risk individuals, even those of advanced age. Registration The trial is registered in the London-based Current Controlled Trials Registry (ISRCTN number 35739639).

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemic-Waist Phenotype is Strongly Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering In Chinese adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Cai ◽  
Jinyu Zhou ◽  
Lin Bai ◽  
Yangyang Dong ◽  
Wenqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Gender And Age

Abstract There is limited research on the relationship between the Hypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTW) phenotype and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in adolescents, and its association with cardiovascular risk factor clustering (CVRFC) is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between HTW phenotype and CVRFs and CVRFC in adolescents. A total of 1478 adolescents aged 12-18 years were classified into normal triglyceride normal waist (NTNW, 66.4%), hypertriglyceridemia (HTG, 5.5%), enlarged waist (EW, 22.2%) and hypertriglyceridemia-waist (HTW, 5.8%) according to whether triglycerides (TG)≥1.47 mmol/L and waist circumference (WC) ≥90th percentile by gender and age. CVRFs in this study included elevated blood pressure(BP), impaired fasting glucose(IFG), high total cholesterol(TC), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C). After adjusting for gender and age, the HTW phenotype had a higher risk of Elevated BP, High TC, Low HDL-C and High LDL-C compared to the NTNW phenotype(the OR and 95% CI were 6.00 (3.79-9.52), 4.58 (2.68-7.83), 4.21 (2.44-7.26) and 6.15 (3.39-11.14), respectively). And the HTW phenotype increased the risk of CVRFC ≥ 2 and CVRFC ≥ 3 compared to the NTNW phenotype, the OR and 95% CI were 6.64 (4.08-10.80) and 11.74 (5.95-23.13), respectively. And similar results were obtained for both sexes when stratified by gender. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for TG combining WC in the prediction of the CVRFC ≥ 2 and CVRFC ≥ 3 were 0.690 (0.651-0.728) and 0.697 (0.659-0.734) in boys, and the AUC were 0.684 (0.647-0.722) and 0.695 (0.657-0.732) for girls(all P<0.01), which were higher than TG or WC alone. These results revealed that the HTW phenotype is closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors clustering, and TG combining WC performed better than TG or WC alone in detecting cardiovascular risk factor clustering in both genders.

Trends in cardiovascular risk factor prevalence (1995-2000-2005) in northeastern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grau ◽  
Isaac Subirana ◽  
Roberto Elosua ◽  
Pascual Solanas ◽  
Rafel Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Factor Prevalence

Background High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been observed in Spain along with low incidence of acute myocardial infarction. Our objective was to determine the trends of cardiovascular risk factor prevalence between 1995 and 2005 in the 35-74-year-old population of Gerona, Spain. Design Comparison of cross-sectional studies were conducted in random population samples in 1995, 2000, and 2005 at Gerona, Spain. Methods An electrocardiogram was obtained, along with standardized measurements of body mass index, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, energy expenditure in physical activity, smoking, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and cardiovascular risk. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity was calculated and standardized for age. Results A total of 7571 individuals (52.0% women) were included (response rate 72%). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) (49.7%) and hypertension (39.1%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. In 1995, 2000 and 2005, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in both men and women: 4.05-3.913.55 mmol/l (156-151-137 mg/dl) and 3.84-3.81-3.40 mmol/l (148-147-131 mg/dl), respectively. Increases were observed in lipid-lowering drug use (5.7-6.3-9.6% in men and 4.0-5.8-8.0% in women), controlled hypertension (14.8-35.4-37.7% in men and 21.3-36.9-45.0% in women); (all P-trends < 0.01), and obesity (greatest for men: 17.5-26.0-22.7%, P-trends = 0.020). Prevalence of myocardial infarction or possibly abnormal Q waves in electrocardiogram also increased significantly (3.9-4.7-6.4%, P-trends = 0.018). Conclusions The cardiovascular risk factor prevalence change in Gerona was marked in this decade by a shift of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol distributions to the left, independent of the increase in lipid-lowering drug use, and better hypertension control with increased use of antihypertensive drugs. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:653-659 © 2007 The European Society of Cardiology

scholarly journals Investigating Effectiveness of a Pritikin-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Patients with Heart Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Ellen O'Malley ◽  
Joshua Phelps ◽  
Christi Arthur ◽  
Reza Hakkak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Post Intervention

Abstract Objectives The primary objectives of this study were to: assess change in dietary habits and health outcomes [body mass index (BMI), weight loss, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and Hemoglobin A1c (A1C)] among patients following completion of an intensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved de-identified data obtained from an electronic medical record (EMR) program and from an excel spreadsheet maintained at a hospital in Arkansas. Data were available from 138 adults, age 29 to 89 years, with a pre-existing heart condition or event, and who completed a 12-week CR program at the hospital's Clinic. Dietary habits were evaluated using the 24-question Rate Your Plate (RYP) survey at initial visit, and discharge. RYP and weight data were also available for a group of patients (n = 18) completing a 3-month follow-up visit. Results There was a statistically significant (P &lt; .0001) mean increase (8.24; 95% CI, 7.03 to 9.45) from the pre-RYP score (51.05 ± 7.43) to the post-RYP score (59.29 ± 6.58). There was a statistically significant (P &lt; .0005) median decrease in weight (−2.00 lbs.) after post-intervention (193.50 lbs.) compared to pre-intervention (195.50 lbs.). There were also significant (P &lt; .05) differences between pre- and post-measurements of BMI, WC, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Follow-up data indicated significant changes in the RYP score (P &lt; .0001) and weight (P = .020) were maintained at 3-months follow-up. Conclusions A 12-week CR program including nutrition education and counseling is effective to help patients with CVD or previous heart events improve their dietary habits. There were noticeable changes in diet scores, WC, BMI, and weight loss, with patients being able to sustain weight loss at their three-month follow-up visit (a 5% weight loss). Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals Lifestyle and impact on cardiovascular risk factor control in coronary patients across 27 countries: Results from the European Society of Cardiology ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kotseva ◽  
Guy De Backer ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
Lars Rydén ◽  
Arno Hoes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Coronary Patients

Aims The aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice. Design A cross-sectional ESC-EORP survey (EUROASPIRE V) at 131 centres in 81 regions in 27 countries. Methods Patients (<80 years old) with verified coronary artery events or interventions were interviewed and examined ≥6 months later. Results A total of 8261 patients (females 26%) were interviewed. Nineteen per cent smoked and 55% of them were persistent smokers, 38% were obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 59% were centrally obese (waist circumference: men ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm) while 66% were physically active <30 min 5 times/week. Forty-two per cent had a blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg (≥140/85 if diabetic), 71% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/L (≥70 mg/dL) and 29% reported having diabetes. Cardioprotective medication was: anti-platelets 93%, beta-blockers 81%, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers 75% and statins 80%. Conclusion A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors. A majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets. Cardiovascular prevention requires modern preventive cardiology programmes delivered by interdisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management, in order to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

Advantages and disadvantages of unstructured cardiovascular risk factor screening for follow-up in primary care

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201
Author(s):  
Anna W de Boer ◽  
Renée de Mutsert ◽  
Martin den Heijer ◽  
Frits R Rosendaal ◽  
Johan W Jukema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Factor Screening ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Risk Factor Screening

scholarly journals Correlation Between Small and Dense Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Events in Beijing Community Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Liang wang ◽  
Ruihua Cao ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Wenkai Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Community Population

Abstract BackgroundThe relationship between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and different cardiovascular events has been observed in several large community studies, and the results have been controversial. However, there is currently no cross-sectional or longitudinal follow-up study on sdLDL-C in the Chinese hypertension population.MethodsWe analyzed the association of plasma sdLDL-C levels with major adverse cardiovascular events in 1325 subjects from a longitudinal follow-up community-based population in Beijing, China.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, a total of 191 subjects had MACEs. Cox regression analysis showed that sdLDL-C is a major risk factor for MACEs independent of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, SBP, DBP, FBG, eGFR in the general community population (1.013 (1.001 -1.025, P <0.05)), but the correlation disappeared after adjusting for TC and HDL-C in Model 3. Cox analysis showed that hypertension combined with high level of sdLDL-C was still the risk factor for MACEs ((2.079 (1.039-4.148)).ConclusionsOur findings in the Chinese cohort support that sdLDL-C is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in hypertension subjects.

Abstract 12127: Integrated Flow-Mediated Vasodilation Response Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Patients at Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kabutoya ◽  
Satoshi Hoshide ◽  
Yukiyo Ogata ◽  
Kazuo Eguchi ◽  
Kazuomi Kario
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation

Introduction: The integrated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) response was shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors, but the association between the integrated FMD response and consequent cardiovascular events has been unclear. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the integrated FMD response predicts consequent cardiovascular events. Methods: We enrolled 575 patients who had at least one cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, or smoking). We measured the FMD magnitude of the percentage change in peak diameter (ΔFMD), and we measured the integrated FMD response calculated as the area under the dilation curve during a 120-sec dilation period (FMD-AUC 120 ) using a semiautomatic edge-detection algorithm. The primary outcome was defined as any cardiovascular event (a composite of cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 35±22 months (range: 1-74 months). During the follow-up period, 34 cardiovascular events were recorded. Among the elderly patients (age[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]≥[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]65 yrs, n[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]=[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]281), the patients with the lowest tertile of FMD-AUC 120 (FMD-AUC 120 <[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]5.6) suffered a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared with the patients with the higher two tertiles (FMD-AUC 120 ≥[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]5.6) (log rank 4.16, p=0.041). The association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and office systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio 1.25, p=0.039). In the younger patients (age[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]<[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]65 yrs, n[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]=[[Unable to Display Character: &#8201;]]294), cardiovascular events were similar among the patients with the lowest tertile and those with the higher two tertiles of FMD-AUC 120 . Cardiovascular events were also similar in the patients with the lowest tertile and the higher two tertiles of ΔFMD in both the elderly and younger patients. Conclusions: The integrated FMD response, but not ΔFMD, predicted cardiovascular events in elderly patients with a cardiovascular risk factor.

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