scholarly journals Gene expression analyses on multi-target mode of action of black cohosh in menopausal complaints – a pilot study in rodents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Stute ◽  
S. Ehrentraut ◽  
H.-H. Henneicke-von Zepelin ◽  
P. Nicken
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Black Cohosh ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ovx Rats

Abstract Purpose This study aimed at assessing gene expression profiles in hippocampus and hypothalamus of ovariectomized (OVX) rats with or without treatment with an isopropanolic extract of Cimicifuga racemosa rhizomes (iCR) in comparison to intact rats. Methods Exploration of hippocampal (Hi) and hypothalamic (Hy) tissue from Sprague Dawley rats: without OVX (NHi = NHy = 4), tissues 3 months after OVX (NHi = 4, NHy = 3), or tissues of rats after their treatment with iCR for 3 months after OVX (NHi = NHy = 2). Gene expression profiles in these tissues were investigated by RNA-microarray-analysis and subsequent verification by qPCR. Results 4812 genes were differentially regulated when comparing the three groups in hippocampus and hypothalamus. iCR compensated the effects of OVX in 518 genes. This compensatory effect was most prominent in hippocampal signalling pathways, thereof genes (GAL, CALCA, HCRT, AVPR1A, PNOC, etc.) involved in thermoregulation, regulation of sleep and arousal, blood pressure regulation, metabolism, nociception, hormonal regulation, homeostasis, learning and cognition, mood regulation, neuroendocrine modulation, etc.. In the hypothalamus, iCR compensated OVX-effects at TAC3 and OPRM1 but not at KISS1. These genes are involved in the pathophysiology of hot flashes. Conclusions Our pilot study findings support a multifaceted mode of action of iCR in menopausal complaints on a tissue-specific brain gene expression level.

Gene Expression Profiles in Rat Liver Slices Exposed to Hepatocarcinogenic Enzyme Inducers, Peroxisome Proliferators, and 17α-Ethinylestradiol

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Werle-Schneider ◽  
Andreas Wölfelschneider ◽  
Marie Charlotte von Brevern ◽  
Julia Scheel ◽  
Thorsten Storck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferators ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Enzyme Inducers

Transcription profiling is used as an in vivo method for predicting the mode-of-action class of nongenotoxic carcinogens. To set up a reliable in vitro short-term test system DNA microarray technology was combined with rat liver slices. Seven compounds known to act as tumor promoters were selected, which included the enzyme inducers phenobarbital, α-hexachlorocyclohexane, and cyproterone acetate; the peroxisome proliferators WY-14,643, dehydroepiandrosterone, and ciprofibrate; and the hormone 17 α-ethinylestradiol. Rat liver slices were exposed to various concentrations of the compounds for 24 h. Toxicology-focused TOXaminer™ DNA microarrays containing approximately 1500 genes were used for generating gene expression profiles for each of the test compound. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that (i) gene expression profiles generated in rat liver slices in vitro were specific allowing classification of compounds with similar mode of action and (ii) expression profiles of rat liver slices exposed in vitro correlate with those induced after in vivo treatment (reported previously). Enzyme inducers and peroxisome proliferators formed two separate clusters, confirming that they act through different mechanisms. Expression profiles of the hormone 17 α-ethinylestradiol were not similar to any of the other compounds. In conclusion, gene expression profiles induced by compounds that act via similar mechanisms showed common effects on transcription upon treatment in vivo and in rat liver slices in vitro.

Distinct gene expression profiles between human preterm-derived and adult-derived intestinal organoids exposed to Enterococcus faecalis: a pilot study

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2021-326552
Author(s):  
Andrea C Masi ◽  
Tatiana Y Fofanova ◽  
Christopher A Lamb ◽  
Jennifer M Auchtung ◽  
Robert A Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Distinct Gene ◽  
Intestinal Organoids

scholarly journals Toxicity Ranking and Toxic Mode of Action Evaluation of Commonly Used Agricultural Adjuvants on the Basis of Bacterial Gene Expression Profiles

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e24139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Nobels ◽  
Pieter Spanoghe ◽  
Geert Haesaert ◽  
Johan Robbens ◽  
Ronny Blust
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Bacterial Gene Expression

scholarly journals Differences in the Gene Expression Profiles of Slow- and Fast-Forming Preinduced Pluripotent Stem Cell Colonies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujin Kwon ◽  
Jung Sun Park ◽  
Byungkuk Min ◽  
Yong-Kook Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
The Given ◽  
Pluripotency Genes

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated through a gradual process in which somatic cells undergo a number of stochastic events. In this study, we examined whether two different doxycycline-inducible iPSCs, slow-forming 4F2A-iPSCs and fast-forming NGFP-iPSCs, have equivalent levels of pluripotency. Multiplex reverse-transcriptase PCR generated gene expression profiles (GEPs) of 13 pluripotency genes in single initially formed-iPSC (if-iPSC) colonies of NGFP and 4F2A group. Assessment of GEP difference using a weighted root mean square deviation (wRMSD) indicates that 4F2A if-iPSCs are more closely related to mESCs than NGFP if-iPSCs. Consistently,NanogandSox2genes were more frequently derepressed in 4F2A if-iPSC group. We further examined 20 genes that are implicated in reprogramming. They were, overall, more highly expressed in NGFP if-iPSCs, differing from the pluripotency genes being more expressed in 4F2A if-iPSCs. wRMSD analysis for these reprogramming-related genes confirmed that the 4F2A if-iPSC colonies were less deviated from mESCs than the NGFP if-iPSC colonies. Our findings suggest that more important in attaining a better reprogramming is the mode of action by the given reprogramming factors, rather than the total activity of them exerting to the cells, as the thin-but-long-lasting mode of action in 4F2A if-iPSCs is shown to be more effective than its full-but-short-lasting mode in NGFP if-iPSCs.

Transgenerational effects of polychlorinated biphenyls: 2. Hypothalamic gene expression in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Gore ◽  
Lindsay M Thompson ◽  
Mandee Bell ◽  
Jan A Mennigen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Aroclor 1221

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with well-established effects on reproduction and behavior in developmentally-exposed (F1) individuals. Because of evidence for transgenerational effects of EDCs on the neuroendocrine control of reproductive physiology, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal PCB exposure leads to unique hypothalamic gene expression profiles in three generations. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were treated on gestational days 16 and 18 with the PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221), vehicle (3% DMSO in sesame oil), or estradiol benzoate (EB, 50 μg/kg), the latter a positive control for estrogenic effects of A1221. Maternal- and paternal-lineage F2 and F3 generations were bred using untreated partners. The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), involved in the hypothalamic control of reproduction, were dissected from F1-F3 females and males, RNA extracted, and gene expression measured in a qPCR array. We detected unique gene expression profiles in each generation, that were sex- and lineage-specific. In the AVPV, treatment significantly changed 10, 25, and 11 transcripts in F1, F2, and F3 generations, whereas 10, 1, and 12 transcripts were changed in these generations in the ARC. In the F1 AVPV and ARC, most affected transcripts were decreased by A1221. In the F2 AVPV, most effects of A1221 were observed in females of the maternal lineage, whereas only Pomc expression changed in the F2 ARC (by EB). The F3 AVPV and ARC were mainly affected by EB. It is notable that results in one generation do not predict results in another, and that lineage was a major determinant in results. Thus, transient prenatal exposure of F1 rats to A1221 or EB can alter hypothalamic gene expression across 3 generations in a sex- and lineage-dependent manner, leading to the conclusion that the legacy of PCBs continues for generations.

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