scholarly journals A new family of satellite DNA sequences as a major component of centromeric heterochromatin in owls (Strigiformes)

Chromosoma ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 372-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Chizuko Nishida-Umehara ◽  
Yoichi Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
New Family

A new family of satellite DNA sequences as a major component of centromeric heterochromatin in owls (Strigiformes)

Chromosoma ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Chizuko Nishida-Umehara ◽  
Yoichi Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
New Family

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miluse Vozdova ◽  
Svatava Kubickova ◽  
Halina Cernohorska ◽  
Jan Fröhlich ◽  
Jiri Rubes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Nyctereutes Procyonoides ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation

Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox.

scholarly journals Transcription termination and processing of transcripts from tRNA-related Xenopus satellite DNA sequences

1987 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang MEYERHOF ◽  
Burghardt WITTIG ◽  
Beatrix TAPPESER ◽  
Walter KNOCHEL
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Transcription Termination

scholarly journals Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2396-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachunliu G. Kamei ◽  
Diego San Mauro ◽  
David J. Gower ◽  
Ines Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Emma Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
New Family ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Threatened Habitats

The limbless, primarily soil-dwelling and tropical caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) comprise the least known order of tetrapods. On the basis of unprecedented extensive fieldwork, we report the discovery of a previously overlooked, ancient lineage and radiation of caecilians from threatened habitats in the underexplored states of northeast India. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic and nuclear DNA sequences, and comparative cranial anatomy indicate an unexpected sister-group relationship with the exclusively African family Herpelidae. Relaxed molecular clock analyses indicate that these lineages diverged in the Early Cretaceous, about 140 Ma. The discovery adds a major branch to the amphibian tree of life and sheds light on both the evolution and biogeography of caecilians and the biotic history of northeast India—an area generally interpreted as a gateway between biodiversity hotspots rather than a distinct biogeographic unit with its own ancient endemics. Because of its distinctive morphology, inferred age and phylogenetic relationships, we recognize the newly discovered caecilian radiation as a new family of modern amphibians.

Molecular phylogenetic position of Haplometroides intercaecalis (Digenea, Plagiorchiidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Müller ◽  
Drausio Honorio Morais ◽  
Reinaldo José da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Abstract Three valid species of Haplometroides Odhner, 1910 parasitise snakes and amphisbaenians from South America. This study provides additional data on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic position inferred from the nuclear ribosomal gene 28S (partial). DNA sequences were isolated from Haplometroides intercaecalis Silva, Ferreira and Strüssmann, 2007 found in one specimen of Phalotris matogrossensis Lema, D’Agostini and Cappellari, 2005. Five digenean specimens were recovered from the esophagus of this snake, and four specimens were used for morphometrical studies and one specimen for molecular analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods was conducted with sequences available for the order Plagiorchiida and its phylogenetic position places H. intercaecalis among the brachycoeliids Brachycoelium (Dujardin, 1845) Stiles and Hassall, 1898 and Parabrachycoelium Pérez-Ponce de León, Mendoza-Garfias, Razo-Mendivil and Parra-Olea, 2011, and the mesocoeliid Mesocoelium Odhner, 1910, not closely related to plagiorchids as expected. Due to morphological differences among these families, it may be necessary to create a new family to accommodate Haplometroides spp. However, more genera/taxa as well as other molecular markers should be added in future studies to confirm our results and resolve this matter. This is the first phylogenetic positioning of digeneans of the genus Haplometroides, contributing to the systematic analysis of the helminthological biodiversity of Neotropical snakes.

Epigenetic control of mammalian centromere protein binding: does DNA methylation have a role?

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 2199-2206
Author(s):  
A.R. Mitchell ◽  
P. Jeppesen ◽  
L. Nicol ◽  
H. Morrison ◽  
D. Kipling
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Satellite Sequences ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Minor Satellite ◽  
Internal Block ◽  
Terminal Block

Chromosome 1 of the inbred mouse strain DBA/2 has a polymorphism associated with the minor satellite DNA at its centromere. The more terminal block of satellite DNA sequences on this chromosome acts as the centromere as shown by the binding of CREST ACA serum, anti-CENP-B and anti-CENP-E polyclonal sera. Demethylation of the minor satellite DNA sequences accomplished by growing cells in the presence of the drug 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine results in a redistribution of the CENP-B protein. This protein now binds to an enlarged area on the more terminal block and in addition it now binds to the more internal block of minor satellite DNA sequences on chromosome 1. The binding of the CENP-E protein does not appear to be affected by demethylation of the minor satellite sequences. We present a model to explain these observations. This model may also indicate the mechanism by which the CENP-B protein recognises specific sites within the arrays of minor satellite DNA on mouse chromosomes.

Chromatin organization in the homogeneously staining regions of a methotrexate-resistant mouse cell line: interspersion of inactive and active chromatin domains distinguished by acetylation of histone H4

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 2221-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nicol ◽  
P. Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Active Chromatin ◽  
Chromatin Domains ◽  
Resistant Mouse ◽  
Major Satellite ◽  
Drosophila Heterochromatin

We have analyzed the organization of the homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) in chromosomes from a methotrexate-resistant mouse melanoma cell line. Fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques were used to localize satellite DNA sequences and the amplified copies of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene that confer drug-resistance, in combination with immunofluorescence using antibody probes to differentiate chromatin structure. We show that the major DNA species contained in the HSRs is mouse major satellite, confirming previous reports, and that this is interspersed with DHFR DNA in an alternating tandem array that can be resolved at the cytological level. Mouse minor satellite DNA, which is normally located at centromeres, is also distributed along the HSRs, but does not appear to interfere with centromere function. The blocks of major satellite DNA are coincident with chromatin domains that are labelled by an autoantibody that recognizes a mammalian homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin-associated protein 1, shown previously to be confined to centric heterochromatin in mouse. An antiserum that specifically recognizes acetylated histone H4, a marker for active chromatin, fails to bind to the satellite DNA domains, but labels the intervening segments containing DHFR DNA. We can find no evidence for the spreading of the inactive chromatin domains into adjacent active chromatin, even after extended passaging of cells in the absence of methotrexate selection.

scholarly journals Chromosomal G-dark Bands Determine the Spatial Organization of Centromeric Heterochromatin in the Nucleus

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3563-3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Carvalho ◽  
Henrique M. Pereira ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Cristina Pina ◽  
Denise Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Tight Correlation

Gene expression can be silenced by proximity to heterochromatin blocks containing centromeric α-satellite DNA. This has been shown experimentally through cis-acting chromosome rearrangements resulting in linear genomic proximity, or throughtrans-acting changes resulting in intranuclear spatial proximity. Although it has long been been established that centromeres are nonrandomly distributed during interphase, little is known of what determines the three-dimensional organization of these silencing domains in the nucleus. Here, we propose a model that predicts the intranuclear positioning of centromeric heterochromatin for each individual chromosome. With the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy, we show that the distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA in human lymphoid cells synchronized at G0/G1is unique for most individual chromosomes. Regression analysis reveals a tight correlation between nuclear distribution of centromeric α-satellite DNA and the presence of G-dark bands in the corresponding chromosome. Centromeres surrounded by G-dark bands are preferentially located at the nuclear periphery, whereas centromeres of chromosomes with a lower content of G-dark bands tend to be localized at the nucleolus. Consistent with the model, a t(11; 14) translocation that removes G-dark bands from chromosome 11 causes a repositioning of the centromere, which becomes less frequently localized at the nuclear periphery and more frequently associated with the nucleolus. The data suggest that “chromosomal environment” plays a key role in the intranuclear organization of centromeric heterochromatin. Our model further predicts that facultative heterochromatinization of distinct genomic regions may contribute to cell-type specific patterns of centromere localization.

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