Phenotypic plasticity of plant traits contributing to grain and biomass yield of dual-purpose sorghum

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malick Ndiaye ◽  
Bertrand Muller ◽  
Komla Kyky Ganyo ◽  
Aliou Guissé ◽  
Ndiaga Cissé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Dual Purpose

Biomass yield and nutrient content of dual purpose wheat in the fruit based cropping system in the North-Western mid-Himalaya ecosystem, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 107700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilak Mondal ◽  
R.P. Yadav ◽  
Vijay Singh Meena ◽  
M. Choudhury ◽  
Shyam Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Biomass yield and feeding value of rye, triticale, and wheat straw produced under a dual-purpose management system

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 4893 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ates ◽  
G. Keles ◽  
U. Demirci ◽  
S. Dogan ◽  
H. Ben Salem
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Management System ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Feeding Value

Partitioning plant genetic and environmental drivers of above and belowground community assembly

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Barbour ◽  
Sonya Erlandson ◽  
Kabir Peay ◽  
Brendan Locke ◽  
Erik S. Jules ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Wind Exposure

Host-plant genetic variation affects the diversity and composition of associated above and belowground communities. Most evidence supporting this view is derived from studies within a single common garden, thereby constraining the range of biotic and abiotic environmental conditions that might directly or indirectly (via phenotypic plasticity) affect communities. If natural variability in the environment renders host-plant genetic effects on associated communities unimportant, then studying the community-level consequences of genetic variation may not be warranted. We addressed this knowledge gap by planting a series of common gardens consisting of 10 different clones (genotypes) of the willow Salix hookeriana in a coastal dune ecosystem and manipulated natural variation in ant-aphid interactions (biotic) and wind exposure (abiotic) in two separate experiments. We then quantified the responses of associated species assemblages both above (foliar arthropods) and belowground (rhizosphere fungi and bacteria). In addition, we quantified plant phenotypic responses (plant growth, leaf quality, and root quality) to tease apart the effects of genetic variation, phenotypic plasticity, and direct environmental effects on associated communities. In the ant-aphid experiment, we found that willow genotype explained more variation in foliar arthropod communities than aphid additions and proximity to aphid-tending ant mounds. However, aphid additions modified willow genetic effects on arthropod community composition by attracting other aphid species to certain willow genotypes. In the wind experiment, wind exposure explained more variation than willow genotype in structuring communities of foliar arthropods and rhizosphere bacteria. Still, willow genotype had strong effect sizes on several community properties of arthropods and fungi, indicating that host-plant genetic variation remains important. Across both experiments, genetic variation in plant traits was more important than phenotypic plasticity in structuring associated communities. The relative importance of genetic variation vs. direct environmental effects though depended on the type of environmental gradient (G > E-aphid, but E-wind > G). Taken together, our results suggest that host-plant genetic variation is an important driver of above and belowground biodiversity, despite natural variation in the biotic and abiotic environment.

scholarly journals Assessing Spatial Variability of Barley Whole Crop Biomass Yield and Leaf Area Index in Silvoarable Agroforestry Systems Using UAV-Borne Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Matthias Wengert ◽  
Hans-Peter Piepho ◽  
Thomas Astor ◽  
Rüdiger Graß ◽  
Jayan Wijesingha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Area Index

Agroforestry systems (AFS) can provide positive ecosystem services while at the same time stabilizing yields under increasingly common drought conditions. The effect of distance to trees in alley cropping AFS on yield-related crop parameters has predominantly been studied using point data from transects. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a novel possibility to map plant traits with high spatial resolution and coverage. In the present study, UAV-borne red, green, blue (RGB) and multispectral imagery was utilized for the prediction of whole crop dry biomass yield (DM) and leaf area index (LAI) of barley at three different conventionally managed silvoarable alley cropping agroforestry sites located in Germany. DM and LAI were modelled using random forest regression models with good accuracies (DM: R² 0.62, nRMSEp 14.9%, LAI: R² 0.92, nRMSEp 7.1%). Important variables for prediction included normalized reflectance, vegetation indices, texture and plant height. Maps were produced from model predictions for spatial analysis, showing significant effects of distance to trees on DM and LAI. Spatial patterns differed greatly between the sampled sites and suggested management and soil effects overriding tree effects across large portions of 96 m wide crop alleys, thus questioning alleged impacts of AFS tree rows on yield distribution in intensively managed barley populations. Models based on UAV-borne imagery proved to be a valuable novel tool for prediction of DM and LAI at high accuracies, revealing spatial variability in AFS with high spatial resolution and coverage.

DEFOLIATION EFFECTS ON BIOMASS YIELD COMPONENTS OF WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. SHARROW
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Intensity Grazing

Short duration, high intensity grazing is often used to maximize production of grazed forage crops. Relatively little information is currently available for this practice on dual purpose cereal crops such as wheat. Components of soft white winter wheat biomass yield were studied during the 1979 and 1980 crop years near Corvallis, Oregon. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two defoliation times (mid-April and mid-May) and three defoliation intensities (undefoliated and clipped to either an 8-cm or 4-cm stubble). All defoliation regimes reduced grain yields compared to undefoliated controls. However, biomass yields of 8-cm vs. 4-cm treatments were similar within defoliation dates. Grain yields primarily reflected the most recent defoliation event, suggesting that plant phenological stage and/or the length of the regrowth period following defoliation was more important than the intensity of the defoliation event in determining plant yield.Key words: Short duration grazing, grazing wheat

scholarly journals Breeding for dual-purpose wheat varieties using marker–trait associations for biomass yield and quality traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 3375-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille L. Malik ◽  
Luc Janss ◽  
Linda K. Nielsen ◽  
Finn Borum ◽  
Henning Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Trait Associations

Abiotic factors modulate phenotypic plasticity in an apomictic shrub [Miconia albicans (SW.) Triana] along a soil fertility gradient in a Neotropical savanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele S. Bedetti ◽  
Débora B. Aguiar ◽  
Maria C. Jannuzzi ◽  
Maria Z. D. Moura ◽  
Fernando A. O. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Fertility Gradient ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Soil Fertility Gradient

Phenotypic plasticity is an important means by which plants cope with environmental heterogeneity; therefore, understanding variation in plant traits in heterogeneous habitats is important to predict responses to changing environments. In this study, we examined the patterns of intraspecific variation in leaf traits of Miconia albicans (Melastomataceae), a widespread, obligatory apomictic shrub, across a soil fertility gradient in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). We predicted high plasticity because selection favours high phenotypic plasticity in asexual populations with low genetic variability. Leaves were sampled in campo sujo (grassland), cerrado (savanna) and cerradão (woodland) in south-eastern Brazil during both dry and rainy seasons to calculate leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf tissue thickness, trichome and stomata density. We found significant between-season variation in leaf traits, indicating that the production of season-specific leaves is a strategy to cope with the strong seasonality. Both multivariate analysis and the relative distance plasticity index indicate lower plasticity during the dry season, especially under shade. Our results show that the phenotypic plasticity can be modulated by changes in abiotic factors and the combination of shade and drought can limit the expression of phenotypic plasticity.

Variation of phenotypic responses to lighting using a combination of red and blue light-emitting diodes versus darkness in seedlings of 18 vegetable genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Yun Kong ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Emitting

The objectives of this study were to identify traits and screen genotypes sensitive to narrow-waveband light-emitting diode light in 18 vegetable genotypes. Their phenotypic plasticity responses were examined under a combination of red (85%) and blue (15%) light-emitting diodes relative to darkness from seed germination to cotyledon unfolding. The photosynthetic photon flux density was around 316 μmol m−2 s−1 and the photoperiod was 17 h. Generally, light vs. dark delayed germination by reducing germination rate and increasing spread time of germination; inhibited shoot growth by reducing shoot length and fresh mass; promoted root growth by increasing root length, diameter, branching, and fresh mass; and promoted genotype-inherent colouring in leaves and stems. Shoot colour, shoot length, and (or) root branching showed higher plasticity indices than other plant traits in response to light, suggesting that some or all of these plant traits are more sensitive to lighting across the tested genotypes. Using cluster analysis based on the plasticity index, the 18 genotypes were separated into six groups that expressed response sensitivity to part or all of the above-mentioned traits. Based on the average plasticity index of all the tested plant traits, the 18 genotypes were graded into four groups using the Fisher optimal partition. Small- vs. large-seed species and the red- vs. green-leaf/root cultivars within the same species showed higher phenotypic plasticity indices in most cases, suggesting that they are more sensitive to lighting.

scholarly journals Impacts of intraspecific variability and local adaptation on the ecophysiology of mosses: an example with Sphagnum magellanicum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobi A. Oke ◽  
Merritt R. Turetsky ◽  
David J. Weston ◽  
A. Jonathan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Diverse Plant ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum

AbstractBackgroundBryophytes are a diverse plant group and are functionally different from vascular plants. Yet, plant ecology theories and hypotheses are often presented in an inclusive term. The trait-based approach to ecology is no exception; largely focusing on vascular plant traits and almost exclusively on interspecific traits. Currently, we lack information about the magnitude and the importance of intraspecific variability to the ecophysiology of bryophytes and how these might translate to local adaptation—a prerequisite for adaptive evolution.MethodWe used transplant and factorial experiments involving moisture and light to ask whether variability in traits between morphologically distinct individuals of Sphagnum magellanicum from habitat extremes was due to phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation and the implications for the ecophysiology of the species.Key ResultsWe found that the factors that discriminated between the plant origins in the field did not translate to their ecophysiological functioning and the pattern of variability changed with the treatments, which suggests that the trait responses were due largely to phenotypic plasticity. The trait responses suggest that the need for mosses to grow in clumps where they maintain a uniform growth rate may have an overriding effect on responses to environmental heterogeneity, and therefore a constraint for local adaptation.ConclusionThe circumstances under which local adaptation would be beneficial in this plant group is not clear. We conclude that extending the trait-based framework to mosses or making comparisons between mosses and vascular plants under any theoretical framework would only be meaningful to the extent that growth form and dispersal strategies are considered.

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