Significance of preprophase bands of microtubules in the induction of microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus

Planta ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina H. Simmonds ◽  
Wilfred A. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Preprophase Bands

scholarly journals Suppression of Metacaspase- and Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death Improves Stress-Induced Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
Elena A Minina ◽  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Ivett Bárány ◽  
Peter V Bozhkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Haploid Plant

Abstract Microspore embryogenesis is a biotechnological process that allows us to rapidly obtain doubled-haploid plants for breeding programs. The process is initiated by the application of stress treatment, which reprograms microspores to embark on embryonic development. Typically, a part of the microspores undergoes cell death that reduces the efficiency of the process. Metacaspases (MCAs), a phylogenetically broad group of cysteine proteases, and autophagy, the major catabolic process in eukaryotes, are critical regulators of the balance between cell death and survival in various organisms. In this study, we analyzed the role of MCAs and autophagy in cell death during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. We demonstrate that this cell death is accompanied by the transcriptional upregulation of three BnMCA genes (BnMCA-Ia, BnMCA-IIa and BnMCA-IIi), an increase in MCA proteolytic activity and the activation of autophagy. Accordingly, inhibition of autophagy and MCA activity, either individually or in combination, suppressed cell death and increased the number of proembryos, indicating that both components play a pro-cell death role and account for decreased efficiency of early embryonic development. Therefore, MCAs and/or autophagy can be used as new biotechnological targets to improve in vitro embryogenesis in Brassica species and doubled-haploid plant production in crop breeding and propagation programs.

scholarly journals  Effect of 2,4-D as a novel inducer of embryogenesis in microspores of Brassica napus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Ardebili ◽  
M.E. Shariatpanahi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
M. Emamifar ◽  
M. Oroojloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied at high concentrations for a short time was investigated as a novel stress for induction of microspore embryogenesis for the first time. Brassica napus L. cvs. Topas and Hyola 420 were used as model plants for testing this hypothesis. Microspores were subjected to 2,4-D at 4 concentrations (15, 25, 35 and 45 mg/l) for 15–45 min while the classical heat shock was used as the control treatment. Among 2,4-D treatments in Topas, the highest yield of torpedo-stage embryos was achieved at 15 mg/l 2,4-D for 30 min while more normal plantlets were produced when 2,4-D (25 mg/l for 30 min) was applied to the microspores. In Hyola 420 the results showed a lower number of embryos and normal plantlets at all concentrations of 2,4-D. Although Hyola 420 was almost equally embryogenic as Topas after heat shock treatment, large differences between genotypes (concerning embryogenic response) occurred after 2,4-D treatment. However, the mean number of embryos and regenerants was higher in heat shock as compared to 2,4-D induced stress (one magnitude of order). According to the results obtained, 2,4-D can be introduced as a new stress for induction of embryogenesis in microspores similarly like in zygotic and somatic cells. This novel stress is very important for plant species whose microspores are extremely sensitive to classical stresses.

Cold pretreatment enhances microspore embryogenesis in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Gu ◽  
P. Hagberg ◽  
W.J. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Induction of microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus L. is accompanied by specific changes in protein synthesis

Planta ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. G. Cordewener ◽  
Ronald Busink ◽  
Jan A. Traas ◽  
Jan B. M. Custers ◽  
Hans J. M. Dons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Identification, Gene Structure, and Expression of BnMicEmUP: A Gene Upregulated in Embryogenic Brassica napus Microspores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Shahmir ◽  
K. Peter Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Chloroplast Targeting ◽  
Embryogenic Cells

Microspores of Brassica napus can be diverted from normal pollen development into embryogenesis by treating them with a mild heat shock. As microspore embryogenesis closely resembles zygotic embryogenesis, it is used as model for studying the molecular mechanisms controlling embryo formation. A previous study comparing the transcriptomes of three-day-old sorted embryogenic and pollen-like (non-embryogenic) microspores identified a gene homologous to AT1G74730 of unknown function that was upregulated 8-fold in the embryogenic cells. In the current study, the gene was isolated and sequenced from B. napus and named BnMicEmUP (B. napus microspore embryogenesis upregulated gene). Four forms of BnMicEmUP mRNA and three forms of genomic DNA were identified. BnMicEmUP2,3 was upregulated more than 7-fold by day 3 in embryogenic microspore cultures compared to non-induced cultures. BnMicEmUP1,4 was highly expressed in leaves. Transient expression studies of BnMicEmUP3::GFP fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana and in stable Arabidopsis transgenics showed that it accumulates in chloroplasts. The features of the BnMicEmUP protein, which include a chloroplast targeting region, a basic region, and a large region containing 11 complete leucine-rich repeats, suggest that it is similar to a bZIP PEND (plastid envelope DNA-binding protein) protein, a DNA binding protein found in the inner envelope membrane of developing chloroplasts. Here, we report that the BnMicEmUP3 overexpression in Arabidopsis increases the sensitivity of seedlings to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). The BnMicEmUP proteins appear to be transcription factors that are localized in plastids and are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses; as well as the results obtained from this study can be used to improve crop yield.

Effects of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and glutathione on microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hoseini ◽  
Mortaza Ghadimzadeh ◽  
Behzad Ahmadi ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Characterization of polarity development through 2- and 3-D imaging during the initial phase of microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus L

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 251 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dubas ◽  
Jan Custers ◽  
Henk Kieft ◽  
Maria Wędzony ◽  
André A. M. van Lammeren
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Brassica Napus L
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