Myosin, microtubules, and microfilaments: co-operation between cytoskeletal components during cambial cell division and secondary vascular differentiation in trees

Planta ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Chaffey ◽  
Peter Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Cambial Cell

Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Funada ◽  
Yusuke Yamagishi ◽  
Shahanara Begum ◽  
Kayo Kudo ◽  
Eri Nabeshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cambial Cell

Bud and cambial zone phenology of lateral branches from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Rensing ◽  
J.N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Cambial Cells

Bud and cambial zone phenologies of outdoor-grown, containerized seedlings of Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) were determined and compared. Morphological characteristics of the live primordial shoots were related to known stages of bud development, while cambial zone phenology was based on anatomical characteristics. Secondary growth in branches of P. menziesii seedlings was separated into six stages: (i) early wood formation; (ii) latewood formation; (iii) cessation of cambial cell division; (iv) dormancy; (v) cambial cell expansion; and (vi) resumption of cell division. Early wood formation by the cambial zone, and primary leaf initiation in the shoot tips occurred until July. During this time of maximal activity, differences in wall thickness and shape distinguished cambial cells from vascular cells in early differentiation stages. By late July, earlywood formation was changing to latewood formation and bud-scale initiation had begun. The transition to preformed leaf initiation in the buds occurred over a period of 1 month in August and September. Cambial cell division ceased in early September but tracheid differentiation continued until about the end of October. Preformed leaf initiation lasted until the buds became dormant in mid-November. The cambial zone was dormant from the end of November until the beginning of March, and in transverse section was characterized by a distinct boundary at the border of the xylem and regular, cigar-shaped cambial cells with thick radial walls. Resumption of cambial activity in the 1st week of April began with radial expansion, followed about 2 weeks later by cell division. Differentiation of earlywood tracheids and bud swelling began in early April. The majority of buds flushed in the 3rd week of April. Rays in the lateral shoots were composed of monoseriate files of radially elongated cells. Ray initials were not observed. Ultrastructural features indicated that the dictyosomes of the cambial cells were active during the winter period.

Cambial activity in the young branches and peduncles of couroupita guianensis (lecythidaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Amreen Saiyed ◽  
Vidya S. Patil ◽  
K.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Couroupita Guianensis ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Xylem Elements

Peduncles of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. undergo extensive secondary growth, which is a rare and unexplored feature so far. In the present investigation seasonal behaviour of vascular cambium was studied in fruit-bearing peduncles and compared with the vegetative branches of similar diameter. In peduncles, the cambium remained active throughout the year. The number of cambium cells and differentiating xylem cells increased from May and reached a maximum in July-August. Although cambial growth occurred throughout the year, it was relatively sluggish in February despite the development of new leaves and ongoing extension growth. In contrast, cambial cell division in young branches initiated in February, peaked in the same months as peduncle cambium while cambial cell division and differentiation of xylem remained suspended from October to January. Cessation of cambial cell division in the branches during this period may be correlated with the presence of mature leaves. In both (branches and peduncle), rapid cell division and increase in the number of differentiating xylem elements in April-May is positively correlated with the development of flower buds and new leaves. The present anatomical investigation revealed that cambial activity in both peduncle and vegetative branches are independent of phenology and climatic conditions. In conclusion, we believe that variations in the number of differentiating cambium derivatives in peduncles benefits from a dual source of growth hormone supply, i.e. from developing new leaves and flower buds.

Activation of ACS7 in Arabidopsis affects vascular development and demonstrates a link between ethylene synthesis and cambial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 7160-7170
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Sining Wang ◽  
Shujia Li ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Liying Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Fiber Cell Wall

Abstract Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproducing mutant, acs7-d, exhibiting enhanced cambial activity and reduced wall development in fiber cells. Using genetic analysis, we found that ethylene signaling is necessary for the phenotypes of enhanced cambial cell division as well as defects in stem elongation and fiber cell wall development. Further, the cambial cell proliferation phenotype of acs7-d depends on WOX4, indicating that the two parallel pathways, ethylene and TDIF signaling, converge at WOX4 in regulating cambium activity. Gene expression analysis showed that ethylene impedes fiber cell wall biosynthesis through a conserved hierarchical transcriptional regulation. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating vascular meristem activity.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF FUSIFORM CAMBIAL CELLS IN THUJA OCCIDENTALIS L.

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cambial Cells

The multiplication of fusiform initials in the cambium is accompanied by extensive loss or transformation of these cells. A few of the failing cambial cells lapse into maturation quickly, but the majority are transversely subdivided with varying proportions of the segments surviving and undergoing ultimate conversion to ray initials. The loss or conversion is attended with reduction in cell size. Increase in cell volume lags behind cell division during the periclinal divisions of the transitional period. The tangential dimensions of the successively formed cells are continuously reduced, and sometimes radial expansion is also retarded, especially toward the cell tips. Simultaneous shortening of the cells is due to alteration in cell shape combined with asymmetry in periclinal division such that daughter cells of unequal lengths are produced. Repetition of the process, the smaller cell functioning as the initiating cambial cell in each instance, results in continued shortening.

scholarly journals The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: A Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Man-Ho Oh ◽  
Saxon H. Honey ◽  
Frans E. Tax
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling

Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules in plants and animals. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids were first isolated and characterized in the 1970s and have been studied since then for their functions in plant growth. Treatment of plants or plant cells with brassinosteroids revealed they play important roles during diverse developmental processes, including control of cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation. Molecular genetic studies, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, but increasingly in many other plants, have identified many genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and responses. Here we review the roles of brassinosteroids in cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation, comparing the early physiological studies with more recent results of the analysis of mutants in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes. A few representative examples of other molecular pathways that share developmental roles with brassinosteroids are described, including pathways that share functional overlap or response components with the brassinosteroid pathway. We conclude by briefly discussing the origin and conservation of brassinosteroid signaling.

scholarly journals WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) -like genes regulate cambial cell division activity and secondary growth in Populus trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Kucukoglu ◽  
Jeanette Nilsson ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Salma Chaabouni ◽  
Ove Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Cell

Cambial Activity and Wood Anatomy in Prosopis Spicigera (Mimosaceae) Affected by Combined air Pollutants

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
K. S. Rao ◽  
Y. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Lumen

Seasonal cambial activity and xylem anatomy were studied in Prosopis spicigera Linn. (Mimosaceae) growing under the influence of combined air pollutants. Cambial cell division and differentiation of secondary xylem began in April, reached a peak in July–August and ceased in October in trees (normal) growing in a relatively unpolluted locality. In contrast, in trees (affected) growing near a fertilizer complex, the initiation of cambial activity was delayed by one month and the cambium ceased to divide in September. Considerable variations were noticed in the structure and arrangement of xylem derivatives between affected and normal trees. The vessel lumen diameter was reduced and vessel frequency was significantly higher in the affected trees. Axial parenchyma was aliform to confluent in normal trees compared to mainly vasicentric parenchyma with heavy accumulation of tannin contents in affected trees. Cambial activity and xylem development did not show any correlation with the phenology of affected trees.

The Ultrastructure of the Nuclear Events of Binary Fission in Paramecium bursaria and the Effects of Colchicine on Cell Division

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
L. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Division Axis

The effects of colchicine on extranuclear microtubules associated with the macronucleus of Paramecium bursaria were studied to determine the possible role that these microtubules play in controlling the shape of the macronucleus. In the course of this study, the ultrastructure of the nuclear events of binary fission in control cells was also studied.During interphase in control cells, the micronucleus contains randomly distributed clumps of condensed chromatin and microtubular fragments. Throughout mitosis the nuclear envelope remains intact. During micronuclear prophase, cup-shaped microfilamentous structures appear that are filled with condensing chromatin. Microtubules are also present and are parallel to the division axis.

Stimulated Virus Production in Vinblastine and Cytochalasin-Induced Multinucleate Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Krishan Awtar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Exposure of cells to low sublethal but mitosis-arresting doses of vinblastine sulfate (Velban) results in the initial arrest of cells in mitosis followed by their subsequent return to an “interphase“-like stage. A large number of these cells reform their nuclear membranes and form large multimicronucleated cells, some containing as many as 25 or more micronuclei (1). Formation of large multinucleate cells is also caused by cytochalasin, by causing the fusion of daughter cells at the end of an otherwise .normal cell division (2). By the repetition of this process through subsequent cell divisions, large cells with 6 or more nuclei are formed.

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