scholarly journals WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) -like genes regulate cambial cell division activity and secondary growth in Populus trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melis Kucukoglu ◽  
Jeanette Nilsson ◽  
Bo Zheng ◽  
Salma Chaabouni ◽  
Ove Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Cell

Bud and cambial zone phenology of lateral branches from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii) seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Rensing ◽  
J.N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
Cambial Cells

Bud and cambial zone phenologies of outdoor-grown, containerized seedlings of Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) were determined and compared. Morphological characteristics of the live primordial shoots were related to known stages of bud development, while cambial zone phenology was based on anatomical characteristics. Secondary growth in branches of P. menziesii seedlings was separated into six stages: (i) early wood formation; (ii) latewood formation; (iii) cessation of cambial cell division; (iv) dormancy; (v) cambial cell expansion; and (vi) resumption of cell division. Early wood formation by the cambial zone, and primary leaf initiation in the shoot tips occurred until July. During this time of maximal activity, differences in wall thickness and shape distinguished cambial cells from vascular cells in early differentiation stages. By late July, earlywood formation was changing to latewood formation and bud-scale initiation had begun. The transition to preformed leaf initiation in the buds occurred over a period of 1 month in August and September. Cambial cell division ceased in early September but tracheid differentiation continued until about the end of October. Preformed leaf initiation lasted until the buds became dormant in mid-November. The cambial zone was dormant from the end of November until the beginning of March, and in transverse section was characterized by a distinct boundary at the border of the xylem and regular, cigar-shaped cambial cells with thick radial walls. Resumption of cambial activity in the 1st week of April began with radial expansion, followed about 2 weeks later by cell division. Differentiation of earlywood tracheids and bud swelling began in early April. The majority of buds flushed in the 3rd week of April. Rays in the lateral shoots were composed of monoseriate files of radially elongated cells. Ray initials were not observed. Ultrastructural features indicated that the dictyosomes of the cambial cells were active during the winter period.

Cambial activity in the young branches and peduncles of couroupita guianensis (lecythidaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Amreen Saiyed ◽  
Vidya S. Patil ◽  
K.S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Couroupita Guianensis ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Xylem Elements

Peduncles of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. undergo extensive secondary growth, which is a rare and unexplored feature so far. In the present investigation seasonal behaviour of vascular cambium was studied in fruit-bearing peduncles and compared with the vegetative branches of similar diameter. In peduncles, the cambium remained active throughout the year. The number of cambium cells and differentiating xylem cells increased from May and reached a maximum in July-August. Although cambial growth occurred throughout the year, it was relatively sluggish in February despite the development of new leaves and ongoing extension growth. In contrast, cambial cell division in young branches initiated in February, peaked in the same months as peduncle cambium while cambial cell division and differentiation of xylem remained suspended from October to January. Cessation of cambial cell division in the branches during this period may be correlated with the presence of mature leaves. In both (branches and peduncle), rapid cell division and increase in the number of differentiating xylem elements in April-May is positively correlated with the development of flower buds and new leaves. The present anatomical investigation revealed that cambial activity in both peduncle and vegetative branches are independent of phenology and climatic conditions. In conclusion, we believe that variations in the number of differentiating cambium derivatives in peduncles benefits from a dual source of growth hormone supply, i.e. from developing new leaves and flower buds.

Xylogenesis in Trees: From Cambial Cell Division to Cell Death

2016 ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Funada ◽  
Yusuke Yamagishi ◽  
Shahanara Begum ◽  
Kayo Kudo ◽  
Eri Nabeshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cambial Cell

scholarly journals Timeline of Leaf and Cambial Phenology in Relation to Development of Initial Conduits in Xylem and Phloem in Three Coexisting Sub-Mediterranean Deciduous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104
Author(s):  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Andreja Vedenik ◽  
Gregor Skoberne ◽  
Polona Hafner ◽  
Peter Prislan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Earlywood Vessels

It is unclear how the anticipated climate change will affect the timing of phenology of different tree organs/tissues and thus the whole-tree functioning. We examined the timing of leaf phenology and secondary growth in three coexisting deciduous tree species (Quercus pubescens Willd., Fraxinus ornus L. and Ostrya carpinifolia Scop) from a sub-Mediterranean region in 2019. In addition, we investigated the relationship between leaf and cambial phenology and the onset of the potential functioning of initial conduits, as determined by the completed differentiation process (vessels) or final size (sieve tubes). For this purpose, leaf development was monitored and the microcores of cambium and the youngest phloem and xylem increments were repeatedly collected at 7–10-day intervals during the growing season. The results revealed differences in the timing of leaf development and seasonal radial growth patterns in spring among the studied tree species, depending on wood porosity. We found that cambial cell production started in all cases in the first half of March. However, in ring-porous Q. pubescens and F. ornus, radial growth in the stem occurred more than a month before buds were swollen, whereas in diffuse-porous O. carpinifolia, these two events were detected at almost the same time. The end of cambial cell production occurred earliest in F. ornus (mid-July) and two weeks later also in the other two species. The widest initial earlywood vessels and early phloem sieve tubes were found in Q. pubescens, the narrowest initial earlywood vessels in O. carpinifolia and the narrowest early phloem sieve tubes in F. ornus. This indicates differences in the efficiency of conducting systems among the studied species. This novel approach of studying phloem phenology and anatomy in relation to leaf and xylem development contributes to a better understanding of how different tree species adapt their structure of secondary vascular tissues in response to environmental change.

scholarly journals CYCD3 D-type cyclins regulate cambial cell proliferation and secondary growth inArabidopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (15) ◽  
pp. 4595-4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Collins ◽  
N. M. Maruthi ◽  
Courtney E. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Cambial Cell

Activation of ACS7 in Arabidopsis affects vascular development and demonstrates a link between ethylene synthesis and cambial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (22) ◽  
pp. 7160-7170
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Sining Wang ◽  
Shujia Li ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Liying Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Fiber Cell Wall

Abstract Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproducing mutant, acs7-d, exhibiting enhanced cambial activity and reduced wall development in fiber cells. Using genetic analysis, we found that ethylene signaling is necessary for the phenotypes of enhanced cambial cell division as well as defects in stem elongation and fiber cell wall development. Further, the cambial cell proliferation phenotype of acs7-d depends on WOX4, indicating that the two parallel pathways, ethylene and TDIF signaling, converge at WOX4 in regulating cambium activity. Gene expression analysis showed that ethylene impedes fiber cell wall biosynthesis through a conserved hierarchical transcriptional regulation. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating vascular meristem activity.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE REDUCTION OF FUSIFORM CAMBIAL CELLS IN THUJA OCCIDENTALIS L.

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Cambial Cells

The multiplication of fusiform initials in the cambium is accompanied by extensive loss or transformation of these cells. A few of the failing cambial cells lapse into maturation quickly, but the majority are transversely subdivided with varying proportions of the segments surviving and undergoing ultimate conversion to ray initials. The loss or conversion is attended with reduction in cell size. Increase in cell volume lags behind cell division during the periclinal divisions of the transitional period. The tangential dimensions of the successively formed cells are continuously reduced, and sometimes radial expansion is also retarded, especially toward the cell tips. Simultaneous shortening of the cells is due to alteration in cell shape combined with asymmetry in periclinal division such that daughter cells of unequal lengths are produced. Repetition of the process, the smaller cell functioning as the initiating cambial cell in each instance, results in continued shortening.

Microfibrils in primary and secondary wall growth develop trellis configurations

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2687-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Boyd ◽  
R. C. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
General Orientation ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Wall Growth

In primary growth, protoplasmic pressure expands the cell wall as its cellulosic framework is being built up and strengthened. Numerous micrographs provide evidence that as each lamella of the wall is differentiated, randomly spaced bonds tend to develop between its adjacent microfibrils. Apparently the number of bonds so developed, and the number retained unbroken subsequently, are related to the rate of cell wall extension.Between unbroken bonds, tensions associated with growth cause adjacent transverse microfibrils to bend successively to each side of their original general orientation. Thus, within a lamella they form lenticular, trellis-like configurations. Large extensions cause large local variations in direction; some microfibrils remain adjacent within groups, but the groups may be widely separated. Such microfibril configurations are generally incompatible with the multinet theory. Apparently also, the very large extensions of the lamellae formed soon after cell division can cause breaking of bonds, wide dispersion, and even breaking of microfibrils.In secondary growth, similar bonding between microfibrils occurs within lamellae and also between lamellae of the cell wall. Again, there is associated development of trellis configurations, but in this case it is due to swelling within the wall during lignification. Resulting changes in microfibrillar directions between bonded positions are much less extreme than in primary walls, but they are highly significant physiologically.

Cambial Activity and Wood Anatomy in Prosopis Spicigera (Mimosaceae) Affected by Combined air Pollutants

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
K. S. Rao ◽  
Y. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Lumen

Seasonal cambial activity and xylem anatomy were studied in Prosopis spicigera Linn. (Mimosaceae) growing under the influence of combined air pollutants. Cambial cell division and differentiation of secondary xylem began in April, reached a peak in July–August and ceased in October in trees (normal) growing in a relatively unpolluted locality. In contrast, in trees (affected) growing near a fertilizer complex, the initiation of cambial activity was delayed by one month and the cambium ceased to divide in September. Considerable variations were noticed in the structure and arrangement of xylem derivatives between affected and normal trees. The vessel lumen diameter was reduced and vessel frequency was significantly higher in the affected trees. Axial parenchyma was aliform to confluent in normal trees compared to mainly vasicentric parenchyma with heavy accumulation of tannin contents in affected trees. Cambial activity and xylem development did not show any correlation with the phenology of affected trees.

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