scholarly journals Differences and overlaps between Phd studies in diagnostic microbiology in industrial and academic settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Andreu Coello Pelegrin ◽  
Rucha Datar ◽  
Manisha Goyal ◽  
Mattia Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Academic Needs ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology

AbstractIndustrial and academic needs for innovation and fundamental research are essential and not widely different. Depending on the industrial setting, research and development (R&D) activities may be more focused on the developmental aspects given the need to ultimately sell useful products. However, one of the biggest differences between academic and industrial R&D will usually be the funding model applied and the priority setting between innovative research and product development. Generalizing, companies usually opt for development using customer- and consumer-derived funds whereas university research is driven by open innovation, mostly funded by taxpayer’s money. Obviously, both approaches require scientific rigor and quality, dedication and perseverance and obtaining a PhD degree can be achieved in both settings. The formal differences between the two settings need to be realized and students should make an educated choice prior to the start of PhD-level research activities. Intrinsic differences in scientific approaches between the two categories of employers are not often discussed in great detail. We will here document our experience in this field and provide insights into the need for purely fundamental research, industrial R&D and current mixed models at the level of European funding of research. The field of diagnostics in clinical bacteriology and infectious diseases will serve as a source of reference.

scholarly journals Research in the fluidized bed combustion in the Laboratory for thermal engineering and energy - Part A: Achievements in targeted fundamental research

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1637-1653
Author(s):  
Borislav Grubor ◽  
Dragoljub Dakic ◽  
Stevan Nemoda ◽  
Milica Mladenovic ◽  
Milijana Paprika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Particle Combustion ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Energy Part ◽  
Char Particle ◽  
Fundamental Research

The paper gives a review of the most important results of extensive targeted fundamental research program on fluidized bed combustion in the Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy of the VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences. The paper presents a detailed overview of research activities from the beginning in the second half of the 1970'' up to present days. Starting with the motives for initiating the investigations in this field, the paper highlights various phases of research and points out the main results of all research activities, not only the ones that are focused in this paper. Targeted fundamental research topics that are overviewed in this paper are heat and mass transfer, coal particle fragmentation, char particle combustion, sulfur self-retention by coal ash itself, as well as circulating fluidized bed modeling.

scholarly journals Open innovation: past, present and future trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Fernandes ◽  
João Ferreira ◽  
Marta Peris-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Intellectual Knowledge

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide interested parties with the means of grasping how the literature on open innovation has evolved over the course of time. In this way, the authors furthermore contribute towards a better understanding, scaling and positioning of this field of research. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a combination of bibliometric techniques, such as citations, co-citations and social network analysis in order to map the scientific domain of open innovation. Currently, bibliometric analysis represents a methodology in effect on a global scale to evaluate the existing state of fields of research (Mutschke et al., 2011). This spans the application of quantitative and statistical analysis to publications such as articles and their respective citations and serving to evaluate the performance of research through returning data on all of the activities ongoing in a scientific field with summaries of these data generating a broad perspective on the research activities and impacts, especially as regards the researchers, journals, countries and universities (Hawkins, 1977; Osareh, 1996; Thomsom Reuters, 2008). Findings This research aims to map and analyse the intellectual knowledge held on open innovation. To this end, the authors carried out a bibliometric study with recourse to co-citations. Based on cluster and factorial analyses, it is possible identify and classify the several theoretical perspectives on open innovation across six areas: open innovation concept, open innovation and networks, open innovation and knowledge, open Innovation, and innovation spillovers, open innovation management and open innovation and technology. Originality/value This paper aims to map and analyse the intellectual knowledge held on open innovation.

scholarly journals MULTIMODALITY IN TEACHING ACADEMIC RESEARCH SKILLS: THE COGNITIVE CREATIVE METHODOLOGY CASE OF CRITICAL ASSESSMENT COMPETENCE SHAPING

2019 ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Irina Ubozhenko ◽  
Zihao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Reading Professional ◽  
Fundamental Research

In the proposed case study the authors show, how the original methodological algorithm may be used to creatively teach basic academic research skills and shape the fundamental research competence of professional literature critical assessment. The didactic technique of key concepts mind-mapping and presenting critical thinking reports by means of cognitive comprehensive reading professional academic literature is going to be demonstrated in the current paper as a creative tool of training analytical skills of critical evaluation, necessary for post graduate students involved in their early research activities.

scholarly journals Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Culture ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Monographs And Collections ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project

The series Biblioteca di Rassegna Iberistica publishes monographs and collections of high scientific rigor essays regarding linguistic and cultural areas of Spanish, Spanish-American, Luso-Brazilian and Catalan. It is bound to present publications issued  from research activities of Ca’ Foscari University and foreign and italian institutions and researchers’ publications. It aims to be a privileged location to discuss about research, instruments of our subjects according to innovative theorical and historical perspectives. A summary and interdisciplinary project, publishes works about the whole angles of Iberic and Ibero-American culture.

scholarly journals Монголоведение в Институте востоковедения РАН: современное состояние и перспективы

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-940
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Grayvoronskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Frameworks ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Oriental Studies

Introduction. The paper briefly reviews the current state and prospects of Mongolian studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS) that celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2018. The Institute maintains and strengthens its positions as a leading national and global research center for Oriental studies. Goals. The study attempts at summarizing the Institute’s 2010–2020 experiences in developing Mongolian studies as a traditional branch of Russia’s Oriental studies, characterizing the present state and development prospects with due regard of actual achievements, challenges, and problems. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes scholarly publications authored by associates of the Mongolian Studies Unit (Department of Korean and Mongolian Studies) and other departments of the Institute in 2010–2020, including operating archives ― through the use of historical, chronological, descriptive, analytical and other methods. Results. The study shows that despite a number of objective and subjective difficulties, associates of the Institute keep developing Mongolian studies exploring some topical and understudied issues of ancient, medieval, modern, and contemporary Mongolia; providing comprehensive insights into present-day political, socioeconomic, and cultural frameworks of Mongolia proper and Russia-Mongolia relations. Still, the Institute ― and specifically the Mongolian Studies Unit ― experiences a critical shortage of qualified young Mongolists, and if the problem remains unsolved respective research perspectives should encourage no optimism. The number of highly experienced Mongolists and Orientalists that conduct research activities on a range of Mongolia-related issues (history, historiography, source studies, discoveries and publications of new sources, written monuments and archives, philology, etc.) affiliated thereto is small enough. The former publish their scholarly works and actively cooperate with colleagues from similar scientific and educational organizations of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Elista, Kyzyl, Vladivostok and other Russian cities; establish relations with foreign humanities research centers of Mongolia, China, Japan, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, etc. Chronologically, the review covers the period between 2010 and 2020, and characterizes key changes in staff composition; shows fundamental research trends; summarizes outcomes of scholarly, organizational and publishing activities; mentions main joint and individual monographs authored (published) by associates of the Department of Korean and Mongolian Studies in 2010–2020. The paper specifies basic development problems faced by Mongolian studies in the context of Oriental studies as such, provides conclusions and prognoses for further evolution of this research line at the Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS).

scholarly journals Indicators of regional scientific community publication activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Academic Potential ◽  
Russian Universities

The relevancy of the problem of specifying and probating the system of measurable indi­cators for publication activities in regional scientific societies is proved. Contemporary scientometric works contemplating publication activities analysis for Russian regions are re­ viewed. In particular, the articles by V. Markusova, A. Libkind, A. Terekhov, D. Rubvalter, I. Libkind, T. Krylova, mentioned. These authors review the regions’ contribution into competition research projects and analyze research activities of Russian universities based on the Web of Knowledge statistical data. Bibliometric data on fundamental research in Novosibirsk region are revealed. Bibliometric analysis is suggested as the basic method for evaluating and interpreting the flow of scientific publication by the authors affiliated with territorial institutions. Expected findings of such study are discussed: data on the regions’ publication activities being introduced to science agenda, possibility to establish creative correlation between parameters and indicators of the publication flow generated by the regional academic community and dependent on the regional academic potential specific features. The publication is prepared under the Research Project № 17-13-62001 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110602
Author(s):  
Timothy Neff ◽  
Victor Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
Public Media ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Media Systems

This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from “state-administered” systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's “Democratic Corporatist” model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a “Liberal-Pluralist” model, a “Direct Funding” model, and a “Commercial–Public” model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.

Effectiveness of industry-university-research cooperation in China: impact of innovation input and open innovation environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huosong Xia ◽  
Juan Weng
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
University Research ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Industry–university–research cooperation (IURC) is a crucial way to build an innovative country. How to improve the effectiveness of IURC has become an important issue to be solved urgently. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the data of industry, university and research activities in various regions of China from 2016 to 2018 and analyzes the impact mechanism of innovation input and open innovation environment on the effectiveness of IURC based on innovation value chain theory. Findings This research finds that innovative talent input has an inverted U-shaped impact on the effectiveness of IURC. When there are more innovative funds invested, the marginal effect of IURC will decrease. When innovative talent input exceeds a certain value, the open innovation environment can alleviate the positive marginal effect of its decline. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature and provides practical guidelines for improving the efficacy of IURC.

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