The Legal maxims of Maʾālāt and its Contemporary Application on Financial Transactions

Our religion with its wisdom and jurisprudence; it is wise for Muslims to look at their future and what their actions and behavior will lead to - after benefiting from the experiences of the past and the experiences of the present - by anticipating it and challenging it and preparing for it with what it needs of sciences and arts that guarantee them a sublime human meeting, as Abdulqadir Al-Kilani said. Hence our interest in the outcomes and their fundamentalist rules and contemporary financial applications. As for the study’s goal, it is to employ our Islamic fundamental, intentional, jurisprudential and intellectual knowledge in a jurisprudential adaptation of the most prominent contemporary transactions. Therefore, the research problem is: What is the role of the rules of fate in the jurisprudential view of contemporary transactions. The research method is inductive, analytical, and deductive method. By extrapolating the legal texts established to consider the outcomes and then analyzing those texts to derive appropriate provisions for contemporary financial transactions. The most prominent results: First: that Islam prepared man to consider the fates and freed him from the obstacles of superstition, pessimism, volatility, and astrology. Second: The rules of fate aim to consider the legal rulings related to the true tomorrow and the possible actions of the taxpayers based on the past, understanding the reality and anticipating the future according to the possible capacity. Third: The Holy Qur’an was concerned with the cosmic and social norms as harbingers of the fates and the meanings of their perception, as it was concerned with time in all its parts, past, present and future, so that the Muslim would be on the basis of his order in his movement, his residence, its causes, and its consequences.

Mapping the intellectual structure of business-to-business loyalty literature: a bibliometric analysis approach

Purpose This study aims to identify evolution and advancement in the field of business-to-business (B2B) loyalty knowledge area by analyzing its intellectual structure. Design/methodology/approach The authors use bibliometric analysis for quantitative evaluation of scholarly studies published on B2B loyalty area over a period of 27 years (1993–2020). The authors analyze intellectual knowledge base of B2B loyalty area by looking into 263 studies with 14,028 references authored by 693 researchers. Findings The results provide a comprehensive review of B2B loyalty area by identifying its foundations, influential works and intellectual communication linkage between these works. Notably, the analysis reveals most cited studies, key authors, important keywords, intellectual turning points and emerging trends of research in the discipline. Research limitations/implications This study creates a baseline for presenting precise and comprehensive insights into research themes in B2B loyalty area, and identifies progressive trends over a period. This study is also helpful for researchers in identifying future directions of research in the discipline. Originality/value This study reveals the intellectual structure of B2B loyalty area.

Cross-Cultural Ethnobotanical Assembly as a New Tool for Understanding Medicinal and Culinary Values–The Genus Lycium as A Case Study

Ethnobotanical knowledge is indispensable for the conservation of global biological integrity, and could provide irreplaceable clues for bioprospecting aiming at new food crops and medicines. This biocultural diversity requires a comprehensive documentation of such intellectual knowledge at local levels. However, without systematically capturing the data, those regional records are fragmented and can hardly be used. In this study, we develop a framework to assemble the cross-cultural ethnobotanical knowledge at a genus level, including capturing the species’ diversity and their cultural importance, integrating their traditional uses, and revealing the intercultural relationship of ethnobotanical data quantitatively. Using such a cross-cultural ethnobotanical assembly, the medicinal and culinary values of the genus Lycium are evaluated. Simultaneously, the analysis highlights the problems and options for a systematic cross-cultural ethnobotanical knowledge assembly. The framework used here could generate baseline data relevant for conservation and sustainable use of plant diversity as well as for bioprospecting within targeting taxa.

Psychological aspects of students social responsibility development in the higher education system

The article deals with the issues of social responsibility in the professional activity of a psychologist. The work of a psychologist, adherence to ethical principles is considered as a necessary component of the responsible behavior of a psychologist. The modern psychologist must have high intellectual knowledge. In the current socio-economic context, educational institutions are interpreted as focused on the development of independence, social responsibility, mobility and competence in the process of training future specialists.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NEED TO ESTABLISH THE READINESS OF FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS TO TACKLE CONFLICT SITUATIONS IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

The article studies the theoretical review and substantiation of psychological and pedagogical aspects of the problem of establishment of the readiness of future military psychologists to tackle conflict situations in their professional activities. The conducted scientific research made it possible to reveal the main loads and specifics of the practical activities of future military psychologists during their service in military units, which, in turn, actualized the need to establish readiness among young officers even at the stages of training in higher military educational institutions.The paper analyzes the issue of “readiness for professional activity”, and shows that the space of scientific thoughts is heterogeneous and has many approaches to understanding this definition.It is identified that readiness for the future military psychologist to tackle conflict situations in professional activity is a complex characteristic of the individual, including a system of professional motives, psychological qualities, attitudes and states, subject and intellectual knowledge, skills and abilities, which together is the key to the effective performance of functional duties. The paper proposes to interpret the process “readiness of future military psychologists to resolve conflict situations in their professional activities” as a holistic training covering professional knowledge, skills, patriotic views and beliefs; professional orientation to military service; reflection of their achievements; professional self-improvement.It is found that the content of the readiness of future military psychologists to tackle conflict situations in professional activity is a set of relevant knowledge and skills, which is provided by mastering the relevant profession (professional training), acquiring professionally important personality qualities, entering professional activity after graduation from a higher military educational institution (professional adaptation) skill development in military service (professional self-improvement). Based on the best practices of the scientific community, five main components of readiness are outlined: motivational, value-oriented, communicative-informational, creative, operational-activity.

Virtual medical learning: a comprehensive study on the role of new technologies

PurposeHealthcare employs informatics to offer its services through information technology where the social network can aid virtual medical learning. Since the usage of the internet and other electronic tools for medical services delivery is at the initial stage, it is essential to examine the factors that condition patients and medical elements in a virtual environment can develop relationship models on the health services. So, the authors have systematically reviewed virtual medical learning and offered some suggestions for the upcoming works. The authors have also discovered gaps in the state-of-the-art papers and provided solutions for them.Design/methodology/approachNumerous novel advancements have changed the old exercise of therapeutic and analytic learning. Virtual spaces have quickly turned into a section of the learning technology vision. Given the importance of its achievements and endless low-cost expansion of the educational system, virtual education has been considered as one of the issues raised by the information communities. Medicine and health are some of the most important fields in virtual technologies. Hence, in this paper, we have used a systematic literature review to deeply examine virtual medical learning. After establishing exclusion and inclusion criteria, an independent systematic search in Google Scholar, ACM, Scopus, Eric, Science Direct, Springer link, Emerald, Global ProQuest and IEEE for relevant studies have been performed, and 21 papers have been analyzed. Detailed data have been mined out of the papers.FindingsThe authors have found that virtual medical learning improves and expands the knowledge core and meaningfully affects the exercise. Virtual learning (VL) has been used in many therapeutic zones, like therapeutic learning, surgery, diagnosing, combining and regularizing processes. It has presented a fundamental access point and a referral mechanism for all of a course's component communities. It can also simplify communicative education, allowing learners to get abilities before applying them in a real-world situation. Also, the communicative characteristics of different VL programs can somehow be like direct teaching.Research limitations/implicationsSome excellent work may be removed owing to applying the filters to select the primary papers. Surveying all the documents on the topic of virtual medical learning is impossible, too. Nevertheless, the authors have tried to present a perfect survey of virtual medical learning. The results will be helpful for scholars to propose better virtual medical learning techniques.Practical implicationsE-learning has become an indispensable additional learning tool in medical education. The introduction of new learning technologies, the exponential growth of Internet usage and the advent of the World Wide Web can change the face of higher education. The results will be helpful for scholars for the upcoming works. The application of a literature review of partial least squares theory was useful for offering comprehensive literary coverage and completing the knowledge development analysis. The authors have backed scholars and experts for better understanding the development of virtual medical learning systems via presenting comparative data and scrutinizing the present advances.Originality/valueThe paper enhances intellectual knowledge by improving the conception of virtual medical learning. It informs the development, use of virtual medical learning and the upcoming works. The lack of comprehensive papers in this field has increased the importance of this paper. The present paper can handle the pace of publications.

Luxuswaren und Wissensobjekte

The Venetian incunabula and post-incunabula traced in the library of the Nuremberg humanist Willibald Pirckheimer express the significant influence of the two cities’ relationship on shaping early modern culture in North-alpine Europe: The books, traded by Franconian merchants as luxury goods and, due to the miniatures added by Albrecht Dürer, examples of the influence of Italian Renaissance art north of the Alpes, also shaped the development of Greek humanism in the north and played an important role in constituting learned networks. The ambivalent and always shifting relation of their status as luxury goods or as objects of intellectual knowledge continued after Pirckheimer’s death as they became part of important English book collections and in the 1920 s precious pieces of the stocks of the famous Munich antiquarians Jacques and Erwin Rosenthal, the latter studying as an art historian the artistic importance of Dürer’s miniatures in Pirckheimer’s Venetian books.

Literature Study: The Concept of Humanism Education according to Gus Dur Associated with Basic Education

Education is used as a medium to improve skills, create character and build a dignified nation. In addition, the aim of education is to develop devotion to God Almighty and students so that they are able to become believers, healthy, noble, creative, responsive, knowledgeable, and make a society responsible and democratic so that they can humanize their fellow human beings. The flow of globalization has an impact on the existence of a human crisis of trust, characters, harmony, and morals. Humanism as proposed by KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, aimed to struggle the human values which are the benchmarks in humanism education. The aim of this research is to know the concept of humansim education according to KH. Abdurrahman Wahid who is associated in basic education. This type of research used was a library research. It is a research with data collection techniques conducted in the field (library). The data collection technique used was documentation, while the data analysis used was descriptive and hermeneutic methods. From the results, it can be concluded that humanism education based on KH Abdurrahman Wahid is the education of religious humanism, upholding human values on the basis of religion. There is an element to "humanize humans", developing all the skills that exist in humans intellectually and religiously without leaving the existing religious values. If it is related to basic education, it is very relevant because early planting of moral values, social ethics, tolerance, mutual respect, educating character to be humanist, fair in order to make a better life. So as to create students who have intellectual knowledge, humanism and religion and are useful for their nation and religion.

REASONS WHY KITSCH PRODUCTS DO NOT CARRY ARTISTIC ANXIETY

The concept of Kitsch is a concept that has grown in Europe's production mechanism and the change of production Systematics. In the new capitalist structure, It is spread the idea that every object should have a price, creating a way of life for sale and money. İnstrumental in gaining the necessary momentum in the new transformation was influence of the Industrial Revolution on all areas. Kitsch art is a non-aesthetic work aimed at relieving the visual thirst formed by societies away from intellectual knowledge towards art. Even if Kitsch products differ in form according to each taste, they are always the same in terms of integrity. Kitsch products, where there is no institutional knowledge of art, are constructed according to the same logic, though their subjects are different. No Kitsch product has a content philosophically. Kitsch is an anti-intellectual construct. The art phenomenon is not adequately perceived in Kitsch products. Kitsch products appear in front of a wide audience with all their deceptive colors to make sales. Kitsch products, which manage to impress large audiences with formal visuals, create their work by repeating the usual forms constantly. Kitsch doesn't just belong to a particular community. Most are in societies. Kitsch and art are like two opposing beliefs, art feeds on a deep philosophy, while Kitsch feeds on a simpler and more superficial understanding. So it can be clearly seen that Kitsch products have no artistic concern. Keywords: Kitsch, art, sunday

PROBLEMS OF HAPPINESS IN THE ETHICAL THEORY OF TOMA AQUINSKY

The problems of happiness in the theological and philosophical heritage of the outstanding medieval scientist St. Thomas Aquinas are considered. The main source and basis of happiness according to Thomism is the Lord God himself. Happiness cannot be fully comprehended in the material world, in wealth, in intellectual knowledge. Human happiness does not consist in honors, in human glory, strength, goodness and pleasures of the body. Happiness is realized in human virtue. Happiness does not consist in human feelings, but it is revealed in thoughts about God. Man will experience perfect happiness in another supernatural world through contemplation of God, who is the highest good and truth. The teachings of the Catholic Church on the understanding of happiness are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the Message of Pope Francis on the occasion of World Youth Day in 2015. It is pointed out that God himself placed “in the heart of every man an unbridled desire for happiness and fullness”. Ten key topics that guide a person to achieve true supernatural, eternal happiness are considered. Ways to live in happiness through a state of joy, love, friendship, humor, gratitude, the ability to forgive and ask for forgiveness are offered. In trying to achieve a happy state, it is important to rely on God in everything, as well as to realize that we are loved. KEYWORDS: Toma Aquinsky, happiness, knowledge, will, love, goodness, joy.