Molecular mechanism underlying ethylene stimulation of latex production in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1913-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Andrea Pizzi ◽  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giorgio Rossini ◽  
Sara Fabrizi ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Latex Production

In the latex production chain, rubber tree seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) represent an underutilized fraction with high potentialities, which can increase the sustainability of the whole process if rightly valorized. In the present study, the quality of all the fractions obtained from the rubber fruit were evaluated, with the aim to identify possible applications for their valorization with a circular economy perspective. Seeds from five different varieties of rubber tree were analyzed. Furthermore, a whole mass and energy balance was defined, which has allowed us to define hypothetical production scenarios. The obtained results show negligible differences among varieties. Shells and capsules have shown a composition similar to woody biomass, with high heating values (more than 16.5 MJ kg−1), low nitrogen content (below 0.5% on weight basis (w/w)) and reduced ash content (0.51% w/w and 1.90% w/w, respectively). Kernels were chemically extracted comparing two different solvents: n-hexane and ethanol. Both solvents showed similar extraction yields, i.e., 49% w/w and 46% w/w for n-hexane and ethanol, respectively. The resulting extraction flour was characterized by a high protein content (around 40% w/w) making it suitable for animal feeding. The rubber seed oil could be used in blends of different vegetable oils for biodiesel production. All this information is useful for improving the sustainability of the latex production chain and to assess the sustainability of possible bioenergy value chains.

scholarly journals HbSnRK2.6 Functions in ABA-Regulated Cold Stress Response by Promoting HbICE2 Transcriptional Activity in Hevea brasiliensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12707
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Wen-Cheng Liu ◽  
Xue-Wei Zeng ◽  
Sa Yan ◽  
Yi-Min Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cor Genes ◽  
Latex Production

Low temperature remarkably limits rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) growth, latex production, and geographical distribution, but the underlying mechanisms of Hevea brasiliensis cold stress response remain elusive. Here, we identified HbSnRK2.6 as a key component in ABA signaling functions in phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated cold stress response in Hevea brasiliensis. Exogenous application of ABA enhances Hevea brasiliensis cold tolerance. Cold-regulated (COR) genes in the CBF pathway are upregulated by ABA. Transcript levels of all five HbSnRK2.6 members are significantly induced by cold, while HbSnRK2.6A, HbSnRK2.6B, and HbSnRK2.6C can be further activated by ABA under cold conditions. Additionally, HbSnRK2.6s are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can physically interact with HbICE2, a crucial positive regulator in the cold signaling pathway. Overexpression of HbSnRK2.6A or HbSnRK2.6B in Arabidopsis extensively enhances plant responses to ABA and expression of COR genes, leading to increased cold stress tolerance. Furthermore, HbSnRK2.6A and HbSnRK2.6B can promote transcriptional activity of HbICE2, thus, increasing the expression of HbCBF1. Taken together, we demonstrate that HbSnRK2.6s are involved in ABA-regulated cold stress response in Hevea brasiliensis by regulating transcriptional activity of HbICE2.

Contribution of the carbon sources involved in latex regeneration in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis): an in situ 13CO2 labelling experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorine Desalme ◽  
Ornuma Duangngam ◽  
Philippe Thaler ◽  
Poonpipope Kasemsap ◽  
Jate Sathornkich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Labelling Experiment ◽  
Latex Regeneration ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Latex Production

<p>Rubber trees (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em>) are the main source of natural rubber, extracted from latex, which exudes from the trunk after tapping. Tapped trees require large amounts of carbon (C) to regenerate the latex after its collection. Knowing the contribution of C sources involved in latex biosynthesis will help understand how rubber trees face this additional C demand. Whole crown<sup> 13</sup>CO<sub>2 </sub>pulse labelling was performed on 4-year-old rubber trees in June when latex production was low and in October, when it was high. <sup>13</sup>C contents were quantified in the foliage, phloem sap, wood and latex. In both labelling periods, <sup>13</sup>C was recovered in latex just after labelling, indicating that part of the carbohydrates was directly allocated to latex. However, significant <sup>13</sup>C amounts were still recovered in latex after 100 days and the peak was reached significantly later than in phloem sap, demonstrating the contribution of a reserve pool as a source of latex C. The contribution of new photosynthates to latex regeneration was faster and higher when latex metabolism was well established, in October than in June. An improved understanding of C dynamics and source-sink relationship in rubber tree is crucial to adapt tapping system practices and ensure sustainable latex production.</p>

scholarly journals Sucrose importation into laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis, in relation to ethylene stimulation of latex production

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Dusotoit-Coucaud ◽  
Nicole Brunel ◽  
Panida Kongsawadworakul ◽  
Unchera Viboonjun ◽  
André Lacointe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Ethylene stimulation of latex yield depends on the expression of a sucrose transporter (HbSUT1B) in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1586-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dusotoit-Coucaud ◽  
P. Kongsawadworakul ◽  
L. Maurousset ◽  
U. Viboonjun ◽  
N. Brunel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Sucrose Transporter ◽  
Latex Yield ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals STIMULATION OF LATEX PRODUCTION IN SERINGUEIRA (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS L.) WITH ETRHEL DOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Teles da Cruz ◽  
Joseanny Cardoso da Silva Pereira ◽  
Sara Raquel Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tapping Panel Dryness ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The use of the Ethrel® stimulant on rubber cultivation has become essential to ensure greater rubber production. When applied on the cut of the tree, this stimulant releases the ethylene gas that causes an increase of the exudation period of the latex flow. Dilutions and applications should be performed correctly so that they do not cause tapping panel dryness, which would leave the plant unproductive for a long time. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of ethrel on tapping panel dryness and rubber production of rubber tree clones. Three experiments were conducted using a randomized block design with four treatments (ethrel doses) and three replicates. The clones used were RRIM600, PR255 and PB217 submitted to doses of the stimulant Ethrel 0%, 2.5%, 3.3% and 5% with an interval of application of 30 days. The d/7 bleeding system was used. The productive performance was evaluated monthly and the total of plants with tapping panel dryness at the end of the work. All clones presented a linear positive response to increasing doses. The dose of ethrel 5% favors higher rubber yields in the three evaluated clones, but is associated with high percentage of drying. Thus, it was concluded that the production of rubber is affected positively with the increase of ethrel doses, but this increase causes a higher incidence of panel drying. Thus, it is recommended to use the ethrel 2.5% dose so the production is guaranteed without causing the tapping panel dryness.

Stimulation of Latex Flow in Hevea brasiliensis

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Abraham ◽  
R. S. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryLatex flow can be stimulated by bark scraping and by the application of vegetable oils, auxins and some other substances to the bark, either above or below the tapping cut. Auxin preparations are now widely used in commercial rubber production, 2,4–D and 2,4–5–T being the most common. The response obtained depends upon the formulation, on the method of application, and on other factors such as the age and condition of the tree and the tapping system employed. The effect of stimulation is considered to be due to a dilution of the latex and an increased rate of flow. A larger area of bark is drained, and the duration of flow is prolonged, because plugging of the latex vessels is delayed. In young trees, the conflict between increased latex production and active tree growth requires the development of different and less intensive techniques.

scholarly journals Respons produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 terhadap jenis dan konsentrasi stimulan etilen organik kulit pisang

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsiyah Syamsiyah ◽  
Cucu Suherman ◽  
Santi Rosniawaty ◽  
Fetrina Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Tree Production ◽  
Latex Rubber

AbstrakPuncak produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 dicapai pada tahun sadap ke-7 sampai 10, tetapi produksi menurun dengan cepat hingga mencapai titik terendah pada tahun sadap ke-15.  Stimulan merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks. Penggunaan stimulan sintetik yang berlebih dapat menurunkan produksi sehingga perlu dicoba stimulant organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons produksi tanaman karet klon BPM 24 terhadap aplikasi stimulan organik kulit pisang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Karet Sembawa, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan dari September sampai November 2019. Metode percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok  dengan 11 perlakuan stimulan dan  5 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi lama aliran lateks, volume lateks dan kadar karet kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan stimulan organik kulit pisang Ambon dengan konsentrasi 200 g/L mampu meningkatkan lama aliran lateks, dan volume lateks, tetapi pemberian stimulan menurunkan kadar karet kering.Kata kunci : Stimulan Organik , kulit pisang, Lateks, karet Klon BPM 24 AbstractThe rubber tree production clone BPM 24 reaches its peak on 7th to 10th years of tapping incision. After that, the production declines rapidly to the lowest point at 15th year. Stimulant application is one of the technology to increase latex production. Excess application of synthetic stimulants can reduce production, so organic stimulants should be tried. The research intended to know the response of production of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) clone BPM 24 due to application of the organic ethylene stimulant made of  banana peels. The research was conducted from September to November 2019, at Experimental Plantation of Rubber Research Institution, Sembawa, Palembang, South Sumatra. The method of this research was the experimental design that used Randomized Block Design with 11 treatment and three times replication. The observation made on latex flowing duration, latex volume, and dried latex content. The result showed that application of organic ethylene stimulant made of banana peels cv. Ambon on 200 g concentration could increase latex flowing duration and latex volume,  but reduced dried latex content. Keywords: stimulant, banana peels, latex, rubber clone BPM 24. 

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