Comparison of dynamical and statistical rainfall downscaling of CMIP5 ensembles at a small urban catchment scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 989-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Akhter ◽  
Asaad Yahia Shamseldin ◽  
Bruce William Melville
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment

Quantification of sewer system infiltration using δ18O hydrograph separation

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prigiobbe ◽  
M. Giulianelli
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Conservative Tracer ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Sewer Networks

The infiltration of parasitical water into two sewer systems in Rome (Italy) was quantified during a dry weather period. Infiltration was estimated using the hydrograph separation method with two water components and δ18O as a conservative tracer. The two water components were groundwater, the possible source of parasitical water within the sewer, and drinking water discharged into the sewer system. This method was applied at an urban catchment scale in order to test the effective water-tightness of two different sewer networks. The sampling strategy was based on an uncertainty analysis and the errors have been propagated using Monte Carlo random sampling. Our field applications showed that the method can be applied easily and quickly, but the error in the estimated infiltration rate can be up to 20%. The estimated infiltration into the recent sewer in Torraccia is 14% and can be considered negligible given the precision of the method, while the old sewer in Infernetto has an estimated infiltration of 50%.

scholarly journals Zn and Pb emissions from roofing materials – modelling and mass balance attempt at the scale of a small urban catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2590-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Gromaire ◽  
P. Robert-Sainte ◽  
A. Bressy ◽  
M. Saad ◽  
B. De Gouvello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Materials Modelling ◽  
Roofing Materials

Many studies have shown that roofing materials are an important source of metals in urban runoff. Today, in the context of the European Water Directive (2000/60 CE), the quantification of these emissions is necessary, and thus the development of assessment tools is needed. This study focuses on a small urban catchment (drained by a separative sewer system). Atmospheric fallout, road runoff, roof runoff and total runoff at the outlet of the catchment were sampled. The aim is (1) to verify the contribution of roofing materials to metallic flows of Zn and Pb at the catchment scale and (2) to try to model emissions using some models previously developed at the test-bed scale. These models have to be tested at different spatial scales. Results obtained confirm the strong contribution of roofing materials to Zn and Pb flows at the catchment scale. For Zn, models tested were successfully transposed and validated at the roof and the catchment scales, permitting a good quantification of Zn emissions. For Pb, the use of the models highlights some difficulties, especially concerning the identification and the quantification of lead surface areas implemented.

Minimum Inter-Event Time to Identify Independent Rainfall Events in Urban Catchment Scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1630-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carbone ◽  
Michele Turco ◽  
Giuseppe Brunetti ◽  
Patrizia Piro
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Definition Of

For many hydrologic analyses, planning or design problems, reliable rainfall estimates are necessary. For this reason, an accurate estimation of storm event properties is central to continuous simulation of rainfall. Rainfall is generally noted as single events or storms where the beginning and the end are defined by rainless of particular size duration called Minimum Inter-event Time (MIT). Starting from a critical study of the state of the art, this paper intends to investigate the definition of MIT for rainfall events shorter than an hour that, on an urban scale, are the most critical for designers, planners and operators of urban drainage system. All event characteristics such as depth and mean rain rate, are influenced by the choice of the value of MIT. This paper reviews the range of approaches used in literature and after this, based on a year of pluviograph records on an urban catchment, proposes a value of MIT according to catchment network entry time.

scholarly journals The Web-GIS TRIG Eau Platform to Assess Urban Flood Mitigation by Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Two Residential Settlements in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7241
Author(s):  
Anna Palla ◽  
Ilaria Gnecco
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
The Impact

Urban flooding has become one of the most frequent natural disasters in recent years, and the low-impact development (LID) approach is currently recognised as an alternative to traditional grey infrastructure to mitigate the negative impact of urbanisation on hydrological processes. The main objective of the present research was to develop a web-GIS platform in order to assess the impact of LID systems on mitigating urban flooding and to support their implementation at the urban catchment scale. The TRIG Eau platform, developed in the framework of the homonymous INTERREG MARITTIMO IT-FR project, is configured as a web-GIS application of the stormwater management model (SWMM). Urban flood conditions were examined for two case studies in Liguria and Tuscany (IT), where DRWH systems are proposed as a mitigation strategy. The presented results and their visualisation showcase the potential of the TRIG Eau platform to better support the implementation of LIDs. Findings from the flood analysis confirm that even for the 10-year return period event, DRWHs are effective in reducing network stress by more than 70% in cases of empty tanks, thus underlining the need for RTC technology to pre-empty the system.

Transport and sources of nitrogen in stormwater runoff at the urban catchment scale

2022 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 150281
Author(s):  
Shihui Wang ◽  
Yukun Ma ◽  
Xiaoyue Zhang ◽  
Zhenyao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment

scholarly journals Climate and Land Use Influences on Bacteria Levels in Stormwater

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaifeng Xu ◽  
Caterina Valeo ◽  
Jianxun He ◽  
Zhiying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Change Impact

The influence of climatic variables and land use on fecal coliform (FC) levels in stormwater collected from outfalls throughout southern Vancouver Island between 1995 and 2011 are examined through statistical analyses, Fourier analysis, Multiple Linear Regression (LR) and Multivariate Logistic Regression (MLR). Kendall’s τ-b demonstrated that FC levels were significantly and positively correlated with the amount of residential area within a drainage catchment generating the runoff, and that FC levels were location dependent. Climatic variables of temperature and antecedent dry period length were significantly and positively correlated with FC levels at both the sampling location level and across the region overall. Precipitation and flowrates were negatively correlated with FC levels. Fourier analysis showed that monthly FC levels shared the same 12 month cycle (peaking in July) as precipitation and temperature. MLR modelling was applied by aggregating the LogFC data by order of magnitude. The MLR model shows that the data are subject to different influences depending on the season and as well, the month of the year. The land use and climate analyses suggest that future climate change impact studies attempted on nearshore bacterial water quality should be conducted at the urban catchment scale.

scholarly journals Groundwater Contribution to Sewer Network Baseflow in an Urban Catchment-Case Study of Pin Sec Catchment, Nantes, France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Fabrice Rodriguez ◽  
Amélie-Laure Le Delliou ◽  
Hervé Andrieu ◽  
Jorge Gironás
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Groundwater Contribution

Sewer systems affect urban soil characteristics and subsoil water flow. The direct connection observed between baseflow in sewer systems under drainage infiltrations and piezometric levels influences the hydrological behavior of urban catchments, and must consequently be considered in the hydrologic modeling of urban areas. This research studies the groundwater contribution to sewer networks by first characterizing the phenomenon using experimental data recorded on a small urban catchment in Nantes (France). Then, the model MODFLOW was used to simulate the infiltration of groundwater into a sewer network and model dry weather flows at an urban catchment scale. This application of MODFLOW requires representing, in a simplified way, the interactions between the soil and the sewer trench, which acts as a drain. Observed average groundwater levels were satisfactorily simulated by the model while the baseflow dynamics is well reproduced. Nonetheless, soil parameters resulted to be very sensitive, and achieving good results for joint groundwater levels and baseflow was not possible.

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