scholarly journals The influence of values in shared (medical) decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Bettina Baldt

Abstract Definition of the problem The Shared Decision Making model is becoming increasingly popular also in the German-speaking context, but it only considers values of patients to be relevant for medical decisions. Nevertheless, studies show that the values of physicians are also influential in medical decisions. Moreover, physicians are often unaware of this influence, which makes it impossible to control it. Arguments The influence of both patients’ and physicians’ values is examined from an empirical and normative perspective. The review about the empirical data provides a necessary overview about the status quo, whereas I deduct rules for value-influenced behaviour in the decision making process in the normative approach. Therefore, different scenarios are taken into account to explore in which situations it is acceptable for physicians to let their values be part of the decision making process. The conscious use of values is only possible, when physicians are aware of their influence. To raise awareness, the best option would be to educate future physicians about it in their training. Therefore, this article provides a teaching concept for a unit that could be part of an ethics class for physicians in training. Furthermore, patient’s rights and responsibilities in the decision making process are discussed. Conclusion I conclude that it is necessary to take the influence of values (more) into account and include this knowledge into the training of physicians. Conclusively, recommendations for patients and physicians and their dealing with values in shared decision making processes are suggested.

Author(s):  
Mariam Chichua ◽  
Eleonora Brivio ◽  
Davide Mazzoni ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni

AbstractThe commentary presents reflections on the literature on post-treatment cancer patient regret. Even though a lot of effort has been made to increase patient satisfaction by engaging them in medical decisions, patient regret remains present in clinical settings. In our commentary, we identify three main aspects of shared decision-making that previously have been shown to predict patient regret. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for physicians involved in the shared decision-making process. In addition, we make methodological suggestions for future research in the field.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-175
Author(s):  
Roosmaryn Pilgram ◽  
Lotte van Poppel

Abstract Regelmatig nemen patiënten een begeleider mee naar medische consulten. Het verloop van shared decision making (SDM) in consulten met drie partijen heeft tot nu toe echter weinig aandacht gekregen. In deze studie wordt nagegaan welke invloed de derde partij kan hebben op het beslisproces. Daartoe specificeren we de rollen die deze partij op zich kan nemen en bespreken we, vanuit een pragma-dialectisch perspectief, hoe deze rollen zich vertalen naar rollen binnen een discussie. Tot slot zetten we op basis van voorbeelden uiteen hoe deze rollen tot uiting kunnen komen in het besluitvormingsproces. In een consult met drie partijen blijken vanuit argumentatief oogpunt twaalf complexe discussiesituaties te kunnen ontstaan, afhankelijk van de aard van het geschil, eventuele coalitievorming en de rollen die de partijen op zich nemen. In een aantal discussiesituaties kan de derde partij een actieve rol spelen en zodoende deelnemen aan het besluitvormingsproces. Alle drie partijen kunnen daarnaast anderen bij de discussie betrekken (bijvoorbeeld door hun mening te vragen) of een coalitie suggereren (bijvoorbeeld door in de wij-vorm te spreken). Indien een derde partij een coalitie suggereert, kan dit enerzijds SDM ten goede komen, doordat de begeleider de patiënt in het besluitvormingsproces steunt. Anderzijds kan dit ook het besluitvormingsproces bemoeilijken wanneer de derde partij (bewust of onbewust) ten onrechte namens de patiënt spreekt. Op eenzelfde wijze kan een derde partij meer of minder constructieve bijdragen leveren aan de besluitvorming door standpunten of argumenten te baseren op de eigen (vermeende) expertise. Abstract The third party in shared decision making. The role of extra participants in discussions between health professionals and patients Patients often bring along a companion to medical consultations, which ideally involve shared decision making (SDM). The way in which SDM proceeds in consultations with three parties has, nonetheless, so far received little attention. In this study, we analyse how the presence of a third party can affect the decision making process. To do so, we specify the roles that this party can fulfil, and discuss, using the pragma-dialectical framework, how these roles relate to discussion roles. Lastly, based on a qualitative analysis of a number of examples we illustrate how the roles that a third party could fulfil can be expressed in actual medical decision making. From an argumentative perspective, twelve complex discussion situations could arise from the presence of three parties, depending on the nature of the disagreement, possible coalition building, and the roles that the parties fulfil. In a number of discussion situations, the third party can play an active role and thus take part in the decision making process itself. All three parties could additionally invite others to participate in the discussion (for instance, by asking for their opinion) or suggest that a coalition has been formed (for instance, by using inclusive ‘we’). A third party suggesting that a coalition exists can further SDM, as the companion could thereby support the patient in the decision making process. However, this could also hinder the decision making process if the third party (consciously or unconsciously) unjustifiably speaks on behalf of the patient. In a similar vein, a third party could contribute in a more constructive or less constructive manner to the decision making process by basing standpoints or arguments on their own (supposed) expertise.


Author(s):  
Paul Muleli Kioko ◽  
Pablo Requena Meana

Abstract Shared Decision-Making is a widely accepted model of the physician–patient relationship providing an ethical environment in which physician beneficence and patient autonomy are respected. It acknowledges the moral responsibility of physician and patient by promoting a deliberative collaboration in which their individual expertise—complementary in nature, equal in importance—is emphasized, and personal values and preferences respected. Its goal coincides with Pellegrino and Thomasma’s proximate end of medicine, that is, a technically correct and morally good healing decision for and with a particular patient. We argue that by perfecting the intellectual ability to apprehend the complexity of clinical situations, and through a perfection of the application of the first principles of practical reason, prudence is able to point toward the right and good shared medical decision. A prudent shared medical decision is therefore always in keeping with the kind of person the physician and the patient have chosen to be.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Lippa ◽  
Markus A. Feufel ◽  
F. Eric Robinson ◽  
Valerie L. Shalin

Despite increasing prominence, little is known about the cognitive processes underlying shared decision making. To investigate these processes, we conceptualize shared decision making as a form of distributed cognition. We introduce a Decision Space Model to identify physical and social influences on decision making. Using field observations and interviews, we demonstrate that patients and physicians in both acute and chronic care consider these influences when identifying the need for a decision, searching for decision parameters, making actionable decisions Based on the distribution of access to information and actions, we then identify four related patterns: physician dominated; physician-defined, patient-made; patient-defined, physician-made; and patient-dominated decisions. Results suggests that (a) decision making is necessarily distributed between physicians and patients, (b) differential access to information and action over time requires participants to transform a distributed task into a shared decision, and (c) adverse outcomes may result from failures to integrate physician and patient reasoning. Our analysis unifies disparate findings in the medical decision-making literature and has implications for improving care and medical training.


2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 119162
Author(s):  
Michelle Gratton ◽  
Bonnie Wooten ◽  
Sandrine Deribaupierre ◽  
Andrea Andrade

Author(s):  
Rosalind Austin

AbstractThis chapter explores the values issues arising in voice-hearing through the resources of a new skills-based approach to working with values called values-based practice. The chapter is focused on the experiences of two voice-hearers, Paul and Mary, so as to highlight the diversity of ways that people experience voice-hearing, and how a correspondingly nuanced way of supporting voice-hearers is needed. It employs an inclusive definition of values covering anything that matters or is important to the person concerned. The chapter demonstrates that values-based practice in voice-hearing supports shared decision-making when working with values challenges in health care. Both Paul’s and Mary’s stories offer illustrations of the complex and sometimes conflicting values associated with voice-hearing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Okada ◽  
Ken Tsuchiya ◽  
Ken Sakai ◽  
Takahiro Kuragano ◽  
Akiko Uchida ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In Japan, forgoing life-sustaining treatment to respect the will of patients at the terminal stage is not stipulated by law. According to the Guidelines for the Decision-Making Process in Terminal-Stage Healthcare published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2007, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) developed a proposal that was limited to patients at the terminal stage and did not explicitly cover patients with dementia. This proposal for the shared decision-making process regarding the initiation and continuation of maintenance hemodialysis was published in 2014. Methods and results In response to changes in social conditions, the JSDT revised the proposal in 2020 to provide guidance for the process by which the healthcare team can provide the best healthcare management and care with respect to the patient's will through advance care planning and shared decision making. For all patients with end-stage kidney disease, including those at the nonterminal stage and those with dementia, the decision-making process includes conservative kidney management. Conclusions The proposal is based on consensus rather than evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. The healthcare team is therefore not guaranteed to be legally exempt if the patient dies after the policies in the proposal are implemented and must respond appropriately at the discretion of each institution.


BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. bmjopen-2017-016492.41
Author(s):  
N Thomas ◽  
K Jenkins ◽  
S Datta ◽  
R Endacott ◽  
J Kent ◽  
...  

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