Barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilising post-treatment psychosocial support by Black men treated for prostate cancer—a systematic review and qualitative synthesis

Abstract Purpose To synthesise findings from published studies on barriers and facilitators to Black men accessing and utilising post-treatment psychosocial support after prostate cancer (CaP) treatment. Methods Searches of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Central, CINAHL plus and Scopus were undertaken from inception to May 2021. English language studies involving Black men aged ≥18 and reporting experiences of, or suggestions for, psychosocial support after CaP treatment were included. Low or moderate quality studies were excluded. Searches identified 4,453 articles and following deduplication, 2,325 were screened for eligibility. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, quality appraisal and data extraction. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis. Results Ten qualitative studies involving 139 Black men were included. Data analysis identified four analytical constructs: experience of psychosocial support for dealing with treatment side effects (including impact on self-esteem and fear of recurrence); barriers to use of psychosocial support (such as perceptions of masculinity and stigma around sexual dysfunction); facilitators to use of psychosocial support (including the influence of others and self-motivation); and practical solutions for designing and delivering post-treatment psychosocial support (the need for trusted healthcare and cultural channels). Conclusions Few intervention studies have focused on behaviours among Black CaP survivors, with existing research predominantly involving Caucasian men. There is a need for a collaborative approach to CaP care that recognises not only medical expertise but also the autonomy of Black men as experts of their illness experience, and the influence of cultural and social networks.

Download Full-text

Intranasal Glucagon: A New Way to Treat Hypoglycemic Emergencies

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028020905846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 780-787

Author(s):

Rachel N. Lowe ◽

Jennifer M. Trujillo

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Severe Hypoglycemia ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Language Studies ◽

Study Selection ◽

Free Treatment ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Data Source

Objective: To review the safety, efficacy, and administration of intranasal (IN) glucagon for the management of hypoglycemia. Data Source: A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE (1995 to November 2019) using the terms intranasal glucagon, nasal glucagon, glucagon, hypoglycemia treatment, and hypoglycemia management was completed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language studies evaluating IN glucagon were evaluated. Data Synthesis: IN glucagon is a newly approved product for the treatment of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, 4 years and older. Administered as a 3-mg dose, it was shown to be noninferior to intramuscular (IM) glucagon. In comparison trials, more than 98% of hypoglycemic events were treated successfully with IN glucagon in both pediatric and adult patients. In simulated and real-world studies, IN glucagon was administered in less than a minute for the majority of scenarios. IM glucagon took longer to administer, ranging from 1 to 4 minutes, and often, patients did not receive the intended full dose. Nausea and vomiting, known adverse events for glucagon, as well as local adverse events were most commonly reported with IN glucagon. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: IN glucagon is safe, effective, easy to use, and does not require reconstitution prior to use, which can lead to faster delivery in a severe hypoglycemic event. It does not require age- or weight-based dosing. This delivery method offers an option for someone who fears needles or is uncomfortable with injections. Conclusion: IN glucagon is a safe, effective, easy to use, needle-free treatment option for severe hypoglycemia.

Download Full-text

Evolution of Equations for Estimating Renal Function and Their Application to the Dosing of New Antimicrobials

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028019890346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 496-503

Author(s):

Alison K. Lew ◽

Ryan L. Crass ◽

Gregory Eschenauer

Keyword(s):

Dose Adjustment ◽

English Language ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Data Extraction ◽

New Era ◽

Mdrd Equation ◽

Language Studies ◽

Fda Approval ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Study Selection

Objective: To address the background and rationale for the recent introduction of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation for renal dose adjustment of antimicrobials and to provide recommendations for pharmacists dosing new antimicrobial agents. Data Sources: Comprehensive MEDLINE and EMBASE literature searches (from August 2018 to October 2019) were performed. Search terms included creatinine clearance, Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD, and glomerular filtration rate and a subsequent search included the preceding terms AND antimicrobials OR antibiotics. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English-language studies on the derivation and/or use of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and MDRD study equation were evaluated as well as those that specifically discussed their use for dosing antimicrobial agents. Data Synthesis: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of delafloxacin and meropenem-vaborbactam in 2017 ushered in a new era in renal dosing of antibiotics, in that both agents are recommended to be dosed by the MDRD equation. Studies demonstrate that the CG and MDRD equations can result in discrepant dosing recommendations. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: The renal estimation equation recommended in a new antibiotic label should dictate the dosing of that medication. It is noteworthy that these equations are not interchangeable. Conclusion: Recently approved antimicrobials utilizing the MDRD equation for renal dose adjustment will be interspersed with old and new antimicrobials utilizing the CG equation because of lack of singular guidance by the FDA. This requires pharmacists to be vigilant in evaluating drug labels to determine which equation is recommended and to understand the differences, strengths, and limitations of each equation.

Download Full-text

Intravenous Acetaminophen–Induced Hypotension: A Review of the Current Literature

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028019849716 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1033-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erin N. Maxwell ◽

Brittany Johnson ◽

Joseph Cammilleri ◽

Jason A. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Current Literature ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Temperature Management ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Induced Hypotension ◽

Hemodynamic Variables ◽

Language Studies

Objective: Recent literature suggests that intravenous (IV) administration may cause hypotension in hospitalized patients; data further suggest that this effect is most pronounced in the critically ill. The purpose of this review is to identify and evaluate current literature that addresses the incidence and implications of IV acetaminophen–induced hypotension. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases was performed (2002-2019) using the following terms: acetaminophen, paracetamol, intravenous, and hypotension. Abstracts and peer-reviewed publications were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies conducted in humans evaluating the hemodynamic effects of IV acetaminophen were considered. Data Synthesis: A majority of the 19 studies included in this review identified a statistically significant drop in hemodynamic variables after the administration of 500 to 1000 mg IV acetaminophen as measured by changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or mean arterial pressure. Of the trials reporting vasopressor use, the authors found a significant increase in vasopressor requirements following IV acetaminophen administration. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review represents the first comprehensive review of IV acetaminophen-induced hypotension. The findings raise the question of whether IV acetaminophen is an appropriate choice for inpatient pain or temperature management in the critically ill. Conclusions: Available evidence indicates that the administration of IV acetaminophen may be harmful in the critically ill. Additional monitoring is likely required when using IV acetaminophen in this specific population, particularly if a patient is hemodynamically unstable prior to administration.

Download Full-text

Nilutamide: An Antiandrogen for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809703100112 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ernest J Dole ◽

Mark T Holdsworth

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Performance Status ◽

Major Advance ◽

Improved Performance ◽

The Impact ◽

Nonsteroidal Antiandrogens

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse effects of nilutamide and to compare this agent with the currently marketed nonsteroidal antiandrogens (i.e., bicalutamide, flutamide) by critically analyzing the published literature. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1980–1995) and CANCERLIT (1991–1995) were searched for English-language publications using the terms nilutamide, bicalutamide, and flutamide alone, and either nilutamide or androgen antagonists in combination with prostatic neoplasms. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All articles with subject matter on nilutamide, bicalutamide, and flutamide were considered for inclusion. For studies published in more than one journal, the first publication was used unless a subsequent publication included additional or follow-up data, in which case the latter publication was cited instead. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nilutamide was effective in combination with orchiectomy in improving responses in patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, patient survival was not improved in these trials, and improvements in bone pain did not usually result in improved performance status in these patients. The few trials of nilutamide monotherapy or nilutamide in combination with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog are too small to draw meaningful conclusions regarding its efficacy or its role in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. No comparative trials of nilutamide with other antiandrogens and no analysis of the impact of nilutamide on patient quality of life are currently available. Nilutamide appears to produce a higher frequency of adverse effects than the other currently marketed nonsteroidal antiandrogens, bicalutamide and flutamide. CONCLUSIONS: Nilutamide does not appear to represent a major advance in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and appears to be somewhat inferior to both flutamide and bicalutamide with regard to adverse effects. Nilutamide should not be considered the antiandrogen of choice in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

Download Full-text

Cobicistat Versus Ritonavir: Similar Pharmacokinetic Enhancers But Some Important Differences

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028017717018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 1008-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Alice Tseng ◽

Christine A. Hughes ◽

Janet Wu ◽

Jason Seet ◽

Elizabeth J. Phillips

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Search Terms ◽

Language Studies ◽

Study Selection ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽

Medication Dose ◽

Concomitant Medications ◽

Potential Interactions

Objective: To describe properties of cobicistat and ritonavir; compare boosting data with atazanavir, darunavir, and elvitegravir; and summarize antiretroviral and comedication interaction studies, with a focus on similarities and differences between ritonavir and cobicistat. Considerations when switching from one booster to another are discussed. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE was performed (1985 to April 2017) using the following search terms: cobicistat, ritonavir, pharmacokinetic, drug interactions, booster, pharmacokinetic enhancer, HIV, antiretrovirals. Abstracts from conferences, article bibliographies, and product monographs were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered. Data Synthesis: Similar exposures of elvitegravir, darunavir, and atazanavir are achieved when combined with cobicistat or ritonavir. Cobicistat may not be as potent a CYP3A4 inhibitor as ritonavir in the presence of a concomitant inducer. Ritonavir induces CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, and uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase, whereas cobicistat does not. Therefore, recommendations for cobicistat with comedications that are extrapolated from studies using ritonavir may not be valid. Pharmacokinetic properties of the boosted antiretroviral can also affect interaction outcome with comedications. Problems can arise when switching patients from ritonavir to cobicistat regimens, particularly with medications that have a narrow therapeutic index such as warfarin. Conclusions: When assessing and managing potential interactions with ritonavir- or cobicistat-based regimens, clinicians need to be aware of important differences and distinctions between these agents. This is especially important for patients with multiple comorbidities and concomitant medications. Additional monitoring or medication dose adjustments may be needed when switching from one booster to another.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Antivaccine Messages on Social Media: Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24564 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dominik Wawrzuta ◽

Mariusz Jaworski ◽

Joanna Gotlib ◽

Mariusz Panczyk

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Text Messages ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Web Based ◽

Information Campaigns ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Data Extraction Form ◽

Public Health Authorities

BACKGROUND Supporters of the antivaccination movement can easily spread information that is not scientifically proven on social media. Therefore, learning more about their posts and activities is instrumental in effectively reacting and responding to the false information they publish, which is aimed at discouraging people from taking vaccines. OBJECTIVE This study aims to gather, assess, and synthesize evidence related to the current state of knowledge about antivaccine social media users’ web-based activities. METHODS We systematically reviewed English-language papers from 3 databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed). A data extraction form was established, which included authors, year of publication, specific objectives, study design, comparison, and outcomes of significance. We performed an aggregative narrative synthesis of the included studies. RESULTS The search strategy retrieved 731 records in total. After screening for duplicates and eligibility, 18 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Although most of the authors analyzed text messages, some of them studied images or videos. In addition, although most of the studies examined vaccines in general, 5 focused specifically on human papillomavirus vaccines, 2 on measles vaccines, and 1 on influenza vaccines. The synthesized studies dealt with the popularity of provaccination and antivaccination content, the style and manner in which messages about vaccines were formulated for the users, a range of topics concerning vaccines (harmful action, limited freedom of choice, and conspiracy theories), and the role and activity of bots in the dissemination of these messages in social media. CONCLUSIONS Proponents of the antivaccine movement use a limited number of arguments in their messages; therefore, it is possible to prepare publications clarifying doubts and debunking the most common lies. Public health authorities should continuously monitor social media to quickly find new antivaccine arguments and then create information campaigns for both health professionals and other users. CLINICALTRIAL

Download Full-text

Relationship of prostate cancer topography and tumour conspicuity on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050376 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. e050376

Author(s):

Pranav Satish ◽

Alex Freeman ◽

Daniel Kelly ◽

Alex Kirkham ◽

Clement Orczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has improved the triage of men with suspected prostate cancer, through precision prebiopsy identification of clinically significant disease. While multiple important characteristics, including tumour grade and size have been shown to affect conspicuity on mpMRI, tumour location and association with mpMRI visibility is an underexplored facet of this field. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to collate the extant evidence comparing MRI performance between different locations within the prostate in men with existing or suspected prostate cancer. This review will help clarify mechanisms that underpin whether a tumour is visible, and the prognostic implications of our findings.Methods and analysisThe databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane will be systematically searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies will be full-text English-language articles that examine the effect of zonal location on mpMRI conspicuity. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. A third reviewer will be involved if consensus is not achieved. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will inform the methodology and reporting of the review. Study bias will be assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A thematic approach will be used to synthesise key location-based factors associated with mpMRI conspicuity. A meta-analysis will be conducted to form a pooled value of the sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI at different tumour locations.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021228087.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Antivaccine Messages on Social Media: Systematic Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/24564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. e24564

Author(s):

Dominik Wawrzuta ◽

Mariusz Jaworski ◽

Joanna Gotlib ◽

Mariusz Panczyk

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Text Messages ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Web Based ◽

Information Campaigns ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Data Extraction Form ◽

Public Health Authorities

Background Supporters of the antivaccination movement can easily spread information that is not scientifically proven on social media. Therefore, learning more about their posts and activities is instrumental in effectively reacting and responding to the false information they publish, which is aimed at discouraging people from taking vaccines. Objective This study aims to gather, assess, and synthesize evidence related to the current state of knowledge about antivaccine social media users’ web-based activities. Methods We systematically reviewed English-language papers from 3 databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed). A data extraction form was established, which included authors, year of publication, specific objectives, study design, comparison, and outcomes of significance. We performed an aggregative narrative synthesis of the included studies. Results The search strategy retrieved 731 records in total. After screening for duplicates and eligibility, 18 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Although most of the authors analyzed text messages, some of them studied images or videos. In addition, although most of the studies examined vaccines in general, 5 focused specifically on human papillomavirus vaccines, 2 on measles vaccines, and 1 on influenza vaccines. The synthesized studies dealt with the popularity of provaccination and antivaccination content, the style and manner in which messages about vaccines were formulated for the users, a range of topics concerning vaccines (harmful action, limited freedom of choice, and conspiracy theories), and the role and activity of bots in the dissemination of these messages in social media. Conclusions Proponents of the antivaccine movement use a limited number of arguments in their messages; therefore, it is possible to prepare publications clarifying doubts and debunking the most common lies. Public health authorities should continuously monitor social media to quickly find new antivaccine arguments and then create information campaigns for both health professionals and other users.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of germline mutations in pancreatic carcinoma patients (PCP) unselected for family history (FH).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e16263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e16263-e16263

Author(s):

Livia Munhoz Rodrigues ◽

Simone Maistro ◽

Vinícius Marques Rocha ◽

Rossana Veronica Mendoza Lopez ◽

Maria A. A. Koike Folgueira

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Germline Mutations ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

Language Studies ◽

Hereditary Factors ◽

Brca1 Brca2 ◽

Brazilian Cohort

e16263 Background: Despite being one of the deadliest tumors worldwide, hereditary factors involved in PC are not fully understood. Thus, our objective is to assess the prevalence of germline mutations in PC cohorts not selected for FH. Methods: A systematic review was performed, using the descriptors related to PC and germline mutations, employing Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science and Embase, until August/2020. Three investigators were involved in reviewing titles and abstracts by peers. Exclusions comprehended articles of non-English language, studies investigating endocrine PC or case-reports. For the present analysis, the inclusion criteria were: original full paper available for data extraction, studies with patients unselected for FH and evaluating a panel of at least 10 genes, WES or WGS. Results from our group evaluating a cohort of PC Brazilian patients were also considered. We present prevalence results for germline mutations in 8 genes, comprehending ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, CHEK2, MSH6, PALB2 (the most frequently mutated genes in PC) and FANCM (previously detected in our Brazilian cohort). Results: After exclusion of duplicate titles, 2, 035 titles were available. Using the criteria described above, 23 articles were selected for analysis and involved cohorts from Australia, Canada, USA, Japan, Czech Republic and our Brazilian cohort, totaling 11, 165 PCP evaluated. The predominant histology was adenocarcinoma (15/24 studies), 22/24 studies evaluated a panel of genes and for studies providing demographic data, the mean age of PCP was 64 (13-93) years (n = 8, 000). Six out of eight genes were evaluated in at least 10, 600 patients, among which BRCA2 mutations had the highest prevalence, followed by ATM. Mutations in CHEK2 occupied the third place in prevalence, despite being evaluated in only 74.5% of the entire cohort. BRCA1, PALB2, CDKN2A, MSH6 and FANCM showed a prevalence of less than 1%, according to the table below. Although being infrequent among PCP, it is interesting to observe that an identical FANCM mutation was detected in two unrelated Brazilian patients. Conclusions: Analysis of cohorts unselected for FH indicates that BRCA2, ATM and CHEK2 are the most frequently mutated genes in these PCP. Further studies are needed to better characterize the spectrum and prevalence of mutations in PCP from populations other than Caucasians, especially in miscegenated people.[Table: see text]

Download Full-text

Lasmiditan: Acute Migraine Treatment Without Vasoconstriction. A Review

Journal of Pharmacy Technology ◽

10.1177/87551225211024630 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875512252110246

Author(s):

Juliana K Beauchene ◽

Terri L Levien

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Common Side Effect ◽

Migraine Treatment ◽

Acute Migraine ◽

Oral Tablet ◽

Language Studies ◽

Study Selection ◽

Acute Migraine Treatment

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of the newly Food and Drug Administration approved drug lasmiditan, and its place in therapy in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Data Sources: A literature search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar was preformed (September 1999 to May 2021) using the following search terms: acute migraine treatment, triptans, lasmiditan, Reyvow, Rimegepant, Nurtec, Ubrogepant, Ubrelvy, migraine, vasoconstriction, and cardiovascular risk. Product labeling, https://www.clinicaltriasl.gov , and product monographs were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies were considered. Data Synthesis: Lasmiditan is the first in its class approved for acute migraine treatment. Lasmiditan exerts its therapeutic effect through agonism at the 5-HT1F receptor, which has been shown to produce no vasoconstriction in preclinical models. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: It is both scientifically and clinically relevant to review lasmiditan and determine the value of an acute migraine drug that does not induce vasoconstriction. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions for which current migraine therapy is contraindicated may benefit from therapeutic use of lasmiditan. However, the potential cardiovascular benefit needs to be weighed against the increased central nervous system risks observed with lasmiditan. Conclusions: Lasmiditan is an oral tablet drug that is used for acute migraine abortive treatment and data suggest that it does not induce vasoconstriction, a common side effect often observed with the current first-line abortive migraine treatment drug class, triptans. This is especially important in acute migraine patients with cardiovascular risk factors in which triptan use is contraindicated.

Download Full-text