A history of aggression is a risk factor for postoperative confusion in elderly male drinkers

OBJECTIVEMigraine history has recently been identified as a risk factor for concussion and recovery. The authors performed a cross-sectional study examining baseline outcome measures on newly developed and implemented concussion assessment tools in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of premorbid, diagnosed migraine headaches as a risk factor on vestibular and oculomotor baseline assessment in pediatric athletes.METHODSPediatric athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headache (n = 28) and matched controls without a history of diagnosed migraine headache (n = 28) were administered a baseline concussion assessment battery, consisting of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), near point of convergence (NPC), and the King-Devick (K-D) tests. Between-groups comparisons were performed for vestibular symptoms and provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular/ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity), NPC (average distance), and K-D (time).RESULTSIndividuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS smooth pursuit scores (p = 0.02), convergence scores (p = 0.04), vestibular ocular reflex scores (p value range 0.002–0.04), and visual motion sensitivity scores (p = 0.009). Differences were also observed on K-D oculomotor performance with worse times in those diagnosed with migraine headache (p = 0.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance (p = 0.06) or headache symptom reporting (p = 0.07) prior to the VOMS assessment.CONCLUSIONSPediatric athletes diagnosed with migraine headaches reported higher baseline symptom provocation scores on the VOMS. Athletes with migraine headaches also performed worse on the K-D test, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated concussion assessment outcomes at baseline. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with migraine headaches.

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Effects of Pregnancy Loss on Subsequent Postpartum Mental Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2179

Author(s):

David C. Reardon ◽

Christopher Craver

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Live Birth ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Reproductive Services ◽

History Of ◽

Mental Health Treatments ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Pregnancy loss, natural or induced, is linked to higher rates of mental health problems, but little is known about its effects during the postpartum period. This study identifies the percentages of women receiving at least one postpartum psychiatric treatment (PPT), defined as any psychiatric treatment (ICD-9 290-316) within six months of their first live birth, relative to their history of pregnancy loss, history of prior mental health treatments, age, and race. The population consists of young women eligible for Medicaid in states that covered all reproductive services between 1999–2012. Of 1,939,078 Medicaid beneficiaries with a first live birth, 207,654 (10.7%) experienced at least one PPT, and 216,828 (11.2%) had at least one prior pregnancy loss. A history of prior mental health treatments (MHTs) was the strongest predictor of PPT, but a history of pregnancy loss is also another important risk factor. Overall, women with a prior pregnancy loss were 35% more likely to require a PPT. When the interactions of prior mental health and prior pregnancy loss are examined in greater detail, important effects of these combinations were revealed. About 58% of those whose first MHT was after a pregnancy loss required PPT. In addition, over 99% of women with a history of MHT one year prior to their first pregnancy loss required PPT after their first live births. These findings reveal that pregnancy loss (natural or induced) is a risk factor for PPT, and that the timing of events and the time span for considering prior mental health in research on pregnancy loss can significantly change observed effects. Clinicians should screen for a convergence of a history of MHT and prior pregnancy loss when evaluating pregnant women, in order to make appropriate referrals for counseling.

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Patterns of Weight Change in Aging and Dying

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 491-491

Author(s):

Stephen Thielke

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Weight Change ◽

Population Level ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Average Weight ◽

Remaining Life ◽

Entire Cohort ◽

History Of

Abstract Little research has characterized the natural history of weight change in older adults. Different changes may occur during aging and dying. We analyzed 18 years of weight measures from a cohort of 736,361 Veterans, all of whom had died at age 70 or older. We produced summary measures that accounted for both chronological age and number of years before death. Several clear population-level trends appeared. (1) The average weight of the sample declined across all ages at a rate of about 0.18 BMI points per year. (2) Starting about seven years before death, the amount of loss began to accelerate, reaching a decline of 0.75 BMI points in the year before death. (3) Changes in weight relative to years of remaining life were independent of chronologic age. People who died at age 70 experienced, on average, the same type and duration of terminal decline as did those who died at age 95. (4) The dying process involved a cumulative loss of about 1.3 BMI points. (5) The distribution of weights during advancing age both declined and narrowed. (6) Disproportionate deaths occurred at the lower BMI ranges (below a BMI of 24), and especially below 18, regardless of age. (7) The finding in #5 is explained by the entire cohort losing weight, with death of the thinnest members. These findings argue for examining survival time in studies of weight change. They indicate that weight loss may be a natural part of dying, rather than a risk factor for it.

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Bowel incarceration within the vaginal tunic in a three-and-half-year-old bilaterally cryptorchid Lhasa Apso

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/s13028-021-00586-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dorcas Oyueley Kodie ◽

Noah Segun Oyetayo ◽

Oladotun Solomon Awoyemi ◽

Cecelia Omowunmi Oguntoye ◽

Oghenemega David Eyarefe

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Sertoli Cell ◽

Epidural Anaesthesia ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Spermatic Cord Torsion ◽

Left Testicle ◽

History Of ◽

Sertoli Cell Tumours

Abstract Background Cryptorchidism in dogs is of clinical concern due to its association with development of Sertoli cell tumours, seminomas and spermatic cord torsion. A patent inguinal ring has been found as a risk factor for peritoneal content migration and inguinal hernias. This study reports a case of bowel migration through a patent inguinal ring in a bilaterally cryptorchid dog and incarceration within the vaginal tunic of the left testicle. Case presentation A three-and-a-half-year-old bilaterally cryptorchid Lhasa Apso with a history of anorexia, vomiting, stranguria and inability to defecate was diagnosed with bowel incarceration in the vaginal tunic of a retained left testicle. Surgery performed under epidural anaesthesia with acepromazine/butorphanol premedication revealed a loop of the colon entrapped in the vaginal tunic of the retained left testicle. The incarcerated bowel was thoroughly examined for viability and repositioned into the abdominal cavity. The inguinal ring was repaired and bilateral cryptorchidectomy performed. Conclusion Cryptorchidectomy in dogs is often considered when there is concern for neoplasm or torsion of retained testes. However, this report suggests that cryptorchidectomy should be considered also to preclude the possibility of bowel obstructive emergencies.

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Gender Moderates the Association Between Exposure to Interpersonal Violence and Intermittent Explosive Disorder Diagnosis

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211013951 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110139

Author(s):

Lynette C. Krick ◽

Mitchell E. Berman ◽

Michael S. McCloskey ◽

Emil F. Coccaro ◽

Jennifer R. Fanning

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Men And Women ◽

Affective Dysregulation ◽

Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Relationship

Exposure to interpersonal violence (EIV) is a prevalent risk-factor for aggressive behavior; however, it is unclear whether the effect of EIV on clinically significant aggressive behavior is similar across gender. We examined whether gender moderates the association between experiencing and witnessing interpersonal violence and the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). We also examined potential pathways that might differentially account for the association between EIV and IED in men and women, including emotion regulation and social information processing (SIP). Adult men and women ( N = 582), who completed a semistructured clinical interview for syndromal and personality disorders, were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 118), psychiatric controls (PC; n = 146) or participants with an IED diagnosis ( n = 318). Participants also completed the life history of experienced aggression (LHEA) and life history of witnessed aggression (Lhwa) structured interview and self-report measures of emotion regulation and SIP. Men reported more EIV over the lifetime. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing and witnessing aggression within the family and experiencing aggression outside the family were associated with lifetime IED diagnosis. We found that the relationship between EIV and IED was stronger in women than in men. Affective dysregulation mediated certain forms of EIV, and this relation was observed in both men and women. SIP biases did not mediate the relation between EIV and IED. EIV across the lifespan is a robust risk factor for recurrent, clinically significant aggressive behavior (i.e., IED). However, the relationship between EIV and IED appears to be stronger in women. Further, this relation appears partially mediated by affective dysregulation.

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HISTORY OF SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE IS A RISK FACTOR FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Retina ◽

10.1097/iae.0000000000000756 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 787-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Tina Schick ◽

Lebriz Ersoy ◽

Yara T. E. Lechanteur ◽

Nicole T. M. Saksens ◽

Carel B. Hoyng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Sunlight Exposure ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of

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Prevalence and Predictors of Undiagnosed Hypertension in an Apparently Healthy Western Indian Population

Advances in Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2015/649184 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anand N. Shukla ◽

Tarun Madan ◽

Bhavesh M. Thakkar ◽

Meena M. Parmar ◽

Komal H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Indian Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

History Of ◽

Major Illness ◽

Apparently Healthy

This epidemiological study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of undetected hypertension in an apparently healthy western Indian population having no history of major illness. 3629 individuals of ≥18 years of age were included in the study. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg and prehypertension (PHTN) as SBP ≥ 120–139 mmHg or DBP ≥ 80–89 mmHg, but without HTN. The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the total population was 26% and was 11% and 40% in the young (≤40-year) and old (>40-year) populations, respectively. The prevalence of PHTN, 40% in the overall population, was nearly the same in the young (39%) and the old population (42%). The risk factor most strongly associated with PHTN and HTN was obesity, showing the highest odds ratio in the overall (PHTN 2.14; 95% CI 1.20–3.81; HTN 2.72; 95% CI 1.53–4.85), the young (PHTN 2.29; 95% CI 1.25–4.21; HTN 2.92; 95% CI 1.59–5.35), and the old (PHTN 1.13; 95% CI 0.65–1.96; HTN 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) populations. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which must not be ignored, especially in the western Indian population.

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A rare case of isolated myoclonus in an elderly male without a history of epilepsy

Clinical Neurophysiology Practice ◽

10.1016/j.cnp.2017.11.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 96-98

Author(s):

Aniruddh Kapoor ◽

Laurence Kinsella

Keyword(s):

Rare Case ◽

Elderly Male ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Epilepsy

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History of myocardial iron loading is a strong risk factor for diabetes mellitus and hypogonadism in adults with β thalassemia major

European Journal Of Haematology ◽

10.1111/ejh.12224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ai Leen Ang ◽

Ploutarchos Tzoulis ◽

Emma Prescott ◽

Bernard A. Davis ◽

Maria Barnard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Iron Loading ◽

Myocardial Iron ◽

Strong Risk Factor ◽

History Of

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Marriage, monogamy and HIV: a profile of HIV-infected women in south India

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462001915796 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 250-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

S Newmann ◽

P Sarin ◽

N Kumarasamy ◽

E Amalraj ◽

M Rogers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

South India ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Indian Women ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Vertical Transmission Of Hiv ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Heterosexual Sex

A retrospective study was conducted on 134 HIV-infected females evaluated at an HIV/AIDS centre in south India to characterize their socio-demographics, HIV risk factors and initial clinical presentations. The mean age was 29 years; 81% were housewives; 95% were currently or previously married; 89% reported heterosexual sex as their only HIV risk factor; and 88% reported a history of monogamy. The majority were of reproductive age, thus the potential for vertical transmission of HIV and devastating impacts on families is alarming. Nearly half of these women initially presented asymptomatically implying that partner recruitment can enable early HIV detection. Single partner heterosexual sex with their husband was the only HIV risk factor for the majority of women. HIV prevention and intervention strategies need to focus on married, monogamous Indian women whose self-perception of HIV risk may be low, but whose risk is inextricably linked to the behaviour of their husbands.

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