Gender Moderates the Association Between Exposure to Interpersonal Violence and Intermittent Explosive Disorder Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110139
Author(s):  
Lynette C. Krick ◽  
Mitchell E. Berman ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey ◽  
Emil F. Coccaro ◽  
Jennifer R. Fanning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to interpersonal violence (EIV) is a prevalent risk-factor for aggressive behavior; however, it is unclear whether the effect of EIV on clinically significant aggressive behavior is similar across gender. We examined whether gender moderates the association between experiencing and witnessing interpersonal violence and the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). We also examined potential pathways that might differentially account for the association between EIV and IED in men and women, including emotion regulation and social information processing (SIP). Adult men and women ( N = 582), who completed a semistructured clinical interview for syndromal and personality disorders, were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 118), psychiatric controls (PC; n = 146) or participants with an IED diagnosis ( n = 318). Participants also completed the life history of experienced aggression (LHEA) and life history of witnessed aggression (Lhwa) structured interview and self-report measures of emotion regulation and SIP. Men reported more EIV over the lifetime. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing and witnessing aggression within the family and experiencing aggression outside the family were associated with lifetime IED diagnosis. We found that the relationship between EIV and IED was stronger in women than in men. Affective dysregulation mediated certain forms of EIV, and this relation was observed in both men and women. SIP biases did not mediate the relation between EIV and IED. EIV across the lifespan is a robust risk factor for recurrent, clinically significant aggressive behavior (i.e., IED). However, the relationship between EIV and IED appears to be stronger in women. Further, this relation appears partially mediated by affective dysregulation.

“Untold Stories of Issei Women: Collective Images and Individual Experiences in Japanese American Oral History”

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-40
Author(s):  
Ryoko Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Redress Movement ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the Japanese American redress movement and the oral interviews of two Japanese immigrant women, known as Issei women. Focusing on the shared images of Issei women in the Japanese American community and the perspectives and self-representations of the interviewees in the oral interviews, it explores how cultural consensus produced stereotypical, collective images of Issei women as submissive, persevering, and quiet persons. As the redress movement progressed in the 1960s to the 1980s, the Japanese American community conducted oral history projects to preserve memories and legacies of their wartime experiences. There are dissimilarities between the original audio recordings and the published transcripts regarding the perspectives of Issei women. This article shows how the community’s desire to preserve idealized images of Issei men and women reduced the accuracy and nuances in the women’s self-representations and the complexities of family relations. Also, contrary to the collective images, Issei women demonstrated how they were independent, assertive, and open individuals expressing their perspectives, complicated emotions, and importance in the family.

Abstract MP048: Partner Violence is Associated with Higher Blood Pressure in Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari J Clark ◽  
Susan A Everson-Rose ◽  
Resnick Michael ◽  
Iris Borowsky ◽  
Sonya S Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

Introduction: Women are more likely to experience distress and injury from intimate partner violence (IPV), and may also be at greater risk of higher blood pressure than male victims. However, most prior epidemiologic research has not included men and has not examined perpetation, despite the predominance of mutually violent relationships. Therefore, this study investigates sex differences in the relationship between exposure to IPV victimization and perpetration and systolic blood pressure (SB). Methods: The study included 3447 (52% female; mean(sd) age=22(3)) participants of Waves 3 (2001–2002) and 4 (2007) of the publically-available subset of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Frequency of psychological, physical, sexual IPV and IPV-related injury were ascertained with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales at Wave 3. Exposure to IPV was categorized as no IPV victimization or perpetration (ref), only low victimization and / or perpetration, high victimization and low/no perpetration, high perpetration and low/no victimization, and both high victimization and perpetration. SBP was measured at Wave 4 using standard procedures. Potential confounders (age, educational attainment, race, history of child abuse) and mediators (depressive symptoms, breakfast consumption, moderate physical exercise, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption) were recorded at Wave 3. Multivariable weighted linear regression was used to test the relationship between SBP and IPV by adjusting for confounders then by adjusting for the proposed mediators. Analyses were stratified by sex and a multiplicative term was tested. Results: Approximately 30% of the sample reported IPV exposure (n=2050), of which 23% (n=831) experienced low victimization and or perpetration, 5% (n=157) high victimization, 6% (N=203) high perpetration, 6% (n=206) both high victimization and perpetration. Women were slightly more likely to report high perpetration and both high victimization and high perpetration (p<0.01). In separate models controlling for confounders, experiencing both high victimization and perpetration was associated with 4.02 mmHg SBP higher in men (95% CI: 0.32, 7.72) and 2.51 mmHg SBP higher in women (95% CI: 0.18, 4.84) compared to those with no IPV. In addition, reporting high perpetration was associated with 3.83 mmHg higher SBP in men (95% CI: –0.72, 8.38), while high victimization was associated with 2.94 mmHg higher SBP for women (95% CI: –0.61, 6.49). Further adjustment for the hypothesized mediators slightly attenuated the findings. The multiplicative term (IPV X sex) was marginally significant (p=0.09). Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of victimization and perpetration is associated with higher levels of SBP for men and women. High victimization alone is related to higher SBP for women while high perpetration is related to higher SBP for men.

Child Maltreatment and Physical Victimization: Does Heavy Drinking Mediate the Relationship?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Z. Smith ◽  
Philip H. Smith ◽  
Lindsay M. Oberleitner ◽  
Emily R. Grekin ◽  
Sherry A. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Victimization ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Past studies examining the child maltreatment (CM)/victimization pathway have been limited by their focus on sexual victimization, narrow windows of assessment, and failure to examine gender differences. In the current study, we sought to examine (1) the impact of CM on physical victimization (PV) trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and (2) the extent to which heavy drinking mediated the relationship between CM and later PV. Using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we found that CM was associated with a 69% greater odds of later PV for both genders, after the inclusion of control variables, and that the risk continued into adulthood. Further, heavy drinking was found to mediate the CM/victimization pathway at Wave I, but not at later waves. When mediation was examined separately for men and women, support for mediation was found for men and women. The current study suggests that CM represents a liability for interpersonal violence for both genders and highlights the importance of looking at victimization across time.

scholarly journals Dueling, Conflicting Masculinities, and the Victorian Gentleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margery Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article takes an unexplored popular debate from the 1860s over the role of dueling in regulating gentlemanly conduct as the starting point to examine the relationship between elite Victorian masculinities and interpersonal violence. In the absence of a meaningful replacement for dueling and other ritualized acts meant to defend personal honor, multiple modes of often conflicting masculinities became available to genteel men in the middle of the nineteenth century. Considering the security fears of the period––European and imperial, real and imagined––the article illustrates how pacific and martial masculine identities coexisted in a shifting and uneasy balance. The professional character of the enlarging gentlemanly classes and the increased importance of men's domestic identities––trends often aligned with hegemonic masculinity––played an ambivalent role in popular attitudes to interpersonal violence. The cultural history of dueling can thus inform a multifaceted approach toward gender, class, and violence in modern Britain.

Self-Esteem and Perceived Health of the Family of Origin: Are There Sex Differences?

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-814
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Bonnington
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem and the perceived health of the family of origin and in particular focused on possible differences in correlations for men and women. 70 female and 140 male undergraduates completed the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (Short Form A) and the Family of Origin Scale. While small significant Pearson correlations were found for both men and women, no difference in their magnitude was noted.

Female Strategies for Success in a Male-ordered World: the Benedictine Convent of Le Murate in Florence in the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. P Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large City ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Active Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Church

This paper will centre on the relationships of women to men and women to women which form the backbone of the history of the Benedictine convent of Le Murate in Florence in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Le Murate started in a quiet way with one pious woman deciding to live virtuously by herself, but under no rule, in a house on the Ponte Rubaconte in 1390, and expanded to become perhaps the largest female convent in Florence in 1515, situated on Via Ghibellina, with 200 enclosed women and their servants living under the Rule of St Benedict. I want to examine the relations between these nuns and the outside world and look at how the male government of the outside world, secular and ecclesiastical, both at an individual level and in a more collective, formal way, tried to restrain and weaken this group of females, even to the point of forbidding them to earn their own livelihood. I would like to posit that religious life on a large scale and in a large city offered opportunities for the exercise of power by women not available to those of the female sex who stayed within the structure of the family and who were, therefore, in direct competition with men at every stage. Daughters, sisters, wives, and widows were legally and socially subject to their male relatives, in varying degrees. Nuns were not, and were permitted a measure of self-government. Just how irksome, worrying, and unacceptable to men it was for women to take their own decisions will become clear later. Barred by their sex from an active life in the hierarchy of the Church, and barred by their Order from an active life in the community, nevertheless in the Renaissance these enclosed Benedictine nuns devised strategies for obtaining access to power and money unparalleled by their secular counterparts. Le Murate exerted a strong attraction on women, both the powerful and famous and the more ordinary. Due to the increasing politicization of Florentine society, it secured, in addition, the patronage of the two most important Florentine political families during the period, the Medici and the Soderini. It was this seeming capacity to mobilize support from every sector of the population, regardless of sex, social group, income, political hue, or place of origin, which enabled the convent to prosper.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between the Types of Family Education and Aggressiveness in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolij Nikolaevich Arinin ◽  
Liubov' Andreevna Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Types

This article analyzes the correlation between the type of family education and the manifestation of aggressive behavior in adolescence. The relevance of this study is determined by the influence of family education on the development of aggressive behavior of a teenager, as a result of which this is one of the most acute problems today. The aim of the study is to identify and study aggression in adolescents, as well as to establish the relationship between family education and aggression in adolescents. It is hypothesized that there is a connection between the aggression of adolescents and the type of family education. Materials and methods of research. The study involved students of 9 «B» in the number of 30 teenagers aged 14–15 years, including 15 boys and 15 girls. The stages and a set of psychological techniques are described. The results of the study showed that 66.7% (20 parents) have violations in family education. This number includes parents who have destructive and mixed types of family interaction, adolescents have a high and average level of aggression, of which 30% (9 adolescents) are boys and 36.7% (11 adolescents) are girls. Moreover, the level of aggressiveness is more pronounced in young men. Based on this, we can say that young men are more affected by the inharmonious style of family education. We found that the assumption that there is a link between the aggressiveness of adolescents and the type of family upbringing was confirmed. It is necessary to understand that what is laid down in the family is the determining reason for the development of a system of values and a culture of human relationships.

scholarly journals The Effects of Teleworking on Housework Division and Well-Being of Couples

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between teleworking, gender roles and happiness of couples using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey (USS) during the period 1991-2012. Various approaches are followed, including Probit-adapted fixed effects, multinomial Logit and Instrumental variables (IV). The results support that both men and women who are teleworkers spend more time on housework, while teleworking increases the probability that the household chores examined in this study, such as cooking, cleaning ironing and childcare, will be shared relatively to those who are non-teleworkers. In addition, women are happier when they or their spouse is teleworker, as well as, both men and women are happier when they state that the specific household chores are shared. Thus, women teleworkers may be happier because they can face the family demands and share the household chores with their spouse, increasing their fairness belief about the household division allocation and improving their well-being, expressed by happiness.

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal cortex and aggressive behavior in children ages 11 to 13

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Andrómeda Ivette Valencia-Ortiz ◽  
Mauricio Consuelos-Barrios ◽  
Rubén García-Cruz ◽  
Eric García-López
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
The Family ◽  
Assertive Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

One of the main points for successful child development is to achieve maturation of the Nervous System. However, growth can be affected by external factors linked to the family or school environment, which can cause behavioral, physical and socio-emotional disturbances to the development of the child, where social skills play a crucial role in preventing aggressive or violent behavior. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the orbitofrontal cortex and aggressive behavior in children from 11 to 13 years old, located in the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo. With a non-experimental design and a correlational scope, an intentional non-probability. A sample of 118 children participated. The participants were evaluated in two sessions, in the first with the Scale of Assertive Behavior for Children (CABS) and the second the Neuropsychological Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE-2). A low and negative statistically significant correlation was found between aggressiveness and severe alteration in the orbitomedial cortex (r = -.273; p = <. 01). They were also highlighting the relationship between aggressiveness and severe alteration in the orbitomedial zone in males (r = -.302; p = <. 05).In conclusion, children who have a severe dysfunction in the orbitomedial cortex usually are more aggressive than those with an average or high score in this zone.

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