scholarly journals Carbon for nutrient exchange between Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes is unresponsive to high atmospheric CO2

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Hoysted ◽  
Jill Kowal ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Duckett ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Isotope Tracers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

AbstractNon-vascular plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophyte’ (MFRE) fungi derive greater benefits from their fungal associates under higher atmospheric [CO2] (a[CO2]) than ambient; however, nothing is known about how changes in a[CO2] affect MFRE function in vascular plants. We measured movement of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) between the lycophyte Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi using 33P-orthophosphate, 15 N-ammonium chloride and 14CO2 isotope tracers under ambient and elevated a[CO2] concentrations of 440 and 800 ppm, respectively. Transfers of 33P and 15 N from MFRE to plants were unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. There was a slight increase in C transfer from plants to MFRE under elevated a[CO2]. Our results demonstrate that the exchange of C-for-nutrients between a vascular plant and Mucoromycotina FRE is largely unaffected by changes in a[CO2]. Unravelling the role of MFRE in host plant nutrition and potential C-for-N trade changes between symbionts under different abiotic conditions is imperative to further our understanding of the past, present and future roles of plant-fungal symbioses in ecosystems.

scholarly journals Carbon for nutrient exchange between the lycophyte, Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophytes’ is unresponsive to high atmospheric CO2 concentration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Hoysted ◽  
Jill Kowal ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Duckett ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Isotope Tracers ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

Background and AimsNon-vascular plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) and Mucoromycotina ‘fine root endophyte’ (MFRE) fungi derive greater benefits from their fungal associates under higher atmospheric [CO2] than ambient, however nothing is known about how changes in [CO2] affects MFRE function in vascular plants.MethodsWe measured movement of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) between the lycophyte, Lycopodiella inundata and Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi using 33P-orthophosphate, 15N-ammonium chloride and 14CO2 isotope tracers under ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2] concentrations of 440 and 800 ppm, respectively.Key ResultsTransfer of 33P and 15N from MFRE to plant were unaffected by changes in [CO2]. There was a slight increase in C transfer from plant to MFRE under elevated [CO2].ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the exchange of C-for-nutrients between a vascular plant and Mucoromycotina FRE is largely unaffected by changes in atmospheric [CO2]. Unravelling the role of MFRE in host plant nutrition and potential C-for-N trade changes between symbionts under varying abiotic conditions is imperative to further our understanding of the past, present and future roles of diverse plant-fungal symbioses in global ecosystems.

scholarly journals Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi form nutritional mutualisms with vascular plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Hoysted ◽  
Alison S. Jacob ◽  
Jill Kowal ◽  
Philipp Giesemann ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Nitrogen Exchange ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

AbstractFungi and plants have engaged in intimate symbioses that are globally widespread and have driven terrestrial biogeochemical processes since plant terrestrialisation >500 Mya. Recently, hitherto unknown nutritional mutualisms involving ancient lineages of fungi and non-vascular plants have been discovered. However, their extent and functional significance in vascular plants remains uncertain. Here, we provide first evidence of abundant carbon-for-nitrogen exchange between an early-diverging vascular plant (Lycopodiaceae) and Mucoromycotina (Endogonales) fine root endophyte regardless of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the same fungi also colonize neighbouring non-vascular and flowering plants. These findings fundamentally change our understanding of the evolution, physiology, interrelationships and ecology of underground plant-fungal symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems by revealing an unprecedented nutritional role of Mucoromycotina fungal symbionts in vascular plants.

scholarly journals Mucoromycotina Fine Root Endophyte Fungi Form Nutritional Mutualisms with Vascular Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Hoysted ◽  
Alison S. Jacob ◽  
Jill Kowal ◽  
Philipp Giesemann ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of Mucoromycotina “Fine Root Endophyte” Fungi in Agricultural Crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besiana Sinanaj ◽  
Martin Bidartondo ◽  
Silvia Pressel ◽  
Katie Field
Keyword(s):  
Fine Root ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Endophyte Fungi

Epipremnum aureum (Araceae) roots associated simultaneously with Glomeromycotina, Mucoromycotina and Ascomycota fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. e72399
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Shanmugam Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Epipremnum Aureum ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Endophytic Association

Only a small number of aroids are examined for their symbiosis with glomeromycotean arbuscular mycorrhizal (GAM) fungi and the ascomycetous dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Therefore we examined the aerial and terrestrial adventitious roots of Epipremnum aureum for the endophytic association and the soils for GAM spores. The aerial roots of E. aureum were free from fungal structures, whereas the terrestrial roots were colonized by GAM, fine root endophyte (FRE), and DSE fungi. The major portion of the terrestrial roots was colonized by FRE fungi followed by GAM and DSE fungi. The colonization pattern was a complex of Arum-Paris and intermediate types. Spores of Acaulospora, Funneliformis, Rhizophagus, Rhizophagus and Sclerocystis were isolated from the root zone soils. The results show that E. aureum can establish symbiosis with a wide range of endophytic fungi and FRE symbiosis is reported for the first time in aroids.

scholarly journals Horse ranching increases biodiversity in a foothills parkland prairie in northern Kananaskis Country, western Alberta

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Brenda Kostiuk ◽  
Don Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rough Fescue ◽  
Animal Habitat ◽  
Equus Ferus Caballus

Vascular plant biodiversity was evaluated in two adjacent sections of a continuous prairie glade. One section has been subject to moderate grazing by feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in late summer and fall for the past 25 years, while the other has been protected. From 28 June to 2 July 2009, we recorded cover for all vascular plants present in ten 1-m2 quadrats along five transects in each section. We calculated biodiversity measures, including species richness, evenness, and Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity indexes. Horse grazing did not affect richness but significantly increased evenness. Grazing increased the Shannon-Wiener index, but did not affect the Simpson’s index. Cover and frequency values for most species differed significantly between the two sites. Mountain Rough Fescue (Festuca campestris Rydberg) dominated the non-grazed site but several shorter grasses and different forbs dominated the grazed site. The plant community in the grazed areas can be seen as an earlier seral stage of the fescue community with a different contingent of plant species. Light grazing in part of the prairie glade increased overall plant diversity so that it provided more diverse animal habitat.

scholarly journals A checklist of vascular plants and uses of some species for livelihood-making in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Jamilah Mohd Salim ◽  
Gaik Ee Lee ◽  
Muhamad Razali Salam ◽  
Salwa Shahimi ◽  
Elizabeth Pesiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Local People ◽  
Considerable Fraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

The Setiu Wetlands, a unique area with nine interconnected habitats, comprises a considerable fraction of the total Peninsular Malaysia’s wetland flora. Although botanical collecting in the area has been active in the past 10 years, only a few studies dealing with the wetland flora have been published. Thus, a detailed checklist of this area is urgently needed to ensure the continuity of its inter-relating flora and fauna, as well as the livelihood of the local people. In this work we conducted a survey of the vascular plant flora of Setiu Wetlands and investigated the most important plants used by the local communities. Our checklist accounts for 406 taxa from 277 genera and 106 families, including 24 (6%) species of ferns and lycophytes, three gymnosperms, 257 (64%) dicotyledons and 122 (30%) monocotyledons. This comprehensive plant checklist will be a primary reference for the management of the newly gazetted Setiu Wetlands State Park covering more than 400 hectares of lands and water bodies.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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