Mutualistic functioning of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizae in spring barley and winter wheat after cessation of long-term phosphate fertilization

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. M. Dekkers ◽  
P.A. van der Werff
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

Changes with time of crop yields in a long-term experiment

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

SummaryYields of the three ‘test’ crops, winter wheat, potatoes, spring barley in the Rothamsted Ley–Arable experiments 1949–69 increased by about 100%, 80%, 40% respectively, each in a period of 19 years. The wheat variety was changed once during the period and this change is enough to explain most of he increase of yield. For potatoes there was no change of variety; the estimated effects of changes in manuring, etc. explain less than one third of the observed increase. For barley two changes of variety explain about one third of the increase; most of the remainder may be explained by improved manuring of preceding crops, especially potatoes. After 1969 the cropping was drastically changed but a few recent yields from other experiments at Rothamsted indicate that the steady rates of increase may have continued at least up to 1980.

Yield variability trends of winter wheat and spring barley grown during 1932–2019 in the Askov Long-term Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 108083
Author(s):  
J. Macholdt ◽  
S. Hadasch ◽  
H.-P. Piepho ◽  
M. Reckling ◽  
A. Taghizadeh-Toosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment

EFFICIENCY OF BIOMODIFIED MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE CHERNOZEM REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pure Steam

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.

scholarly journals Redox potential change of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils depending on the long-term anthropogenic impact

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Oleg Havryshko ◽  
Yuriy Olifir ◽  
Tetiana Partyka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Ph Buffer ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Influence of prolonged application of various fertilizer systems and periodic liming on the dynamics of redox potential (ROP) of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils under different crop rotations is presented in the research results. The obtained ROP indexes showed significant variability in variants of experiment depending on the fertilizer, lime and terms of determination in both fields of winter wheat and spring barley. The highest ROP values in variants with organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems with background of liming were observed in spring. They decreased during the period of maximum growth and development of winter wheat and spring barley together with the growth of microbiological activity and the intensity of CO2 release, and slightly increased before harvesting. It was established that the application of organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems with the background of liming with CaCO3 dose, calculated according to hydrolytic acidity, to the greatest extent increase ROP, especially during the period of intensive growth and development of plants. Compared to similar fertilizer system with the background of liming with a CaCO3 dose, calculated according to the pH- buffer capacity, it contributes to one-sided growth of oxidation processes and additional mineralization of humus. Thus, the organo-mineral fertilizer system with the application of 10 tons of manure per hectare of crop rotation and one norm of mineral fertilizers (N65P68K68) with the background of liming with CaCO3 dose, calculated according to the pH-buffer capacity (2.5 t/ha), contributes to rational use, preservation and fertility protection of light grey forest surface-gleyed soils, optimizing the redox potential during whole growing season of crops, and provides high yields. Studies have shown that during whole growing season of winter wheat and spring barley the lowest values of oxidation were obtained with the long-term use (for 50 years) of mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of one norm of mineral fertilizers only. It led to a decrease in the actual soil acidity to 4,03 pHKCl units and the increase of hydrolytic acidity to 5.11 mg-eq/100 g of soil. This once again emphasizes the importance of periodic liming of acid light grey forest surface-gleyed soils as a factor weakening the negative influence of mineral fertilizers. Key words: light grey forest surface-gleyed soils, redox potential, mineral fertilizers, manure, lime.

scholarly journals The long-term effect of legumes as forecrops on the productivity of rotation (winter rape-winter wheat-winter wheat) with nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Faligowska ◽  
Grażyna Szymańska ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiewicz ◽  
Jerzy Szukała ◽  
Wiesław Koziara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2012–2018 in Poland in a split-plot design. The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effect of legumes as forecrops on the productivity of rotation with nitrogen fertilization. The rotation included: legumes + spring barley (SB), winter rape (WR), winter wheat (WW) and winter wheat. The study was conducted as a two-factorial field experiment with four replications. The present study showed that legumes as forecrops increased the yield of all after-harvest crops in rotation. Yielding of these crops also depended on nitrogen fertilization and position in the rotation. After comparison of the influence of nitrogen fertilization on yield of cereals, it was observed that the effect of this factor was greater for WW cultivated in the fourth year of rotation than for WW cultivated in the third year of rotation. In relation with control, each dose of nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase of WR and cereals yield, but the dose of 180 kg N/ha did not increase yield significantly in comparison to the dose of 120 kg N/ha. There was also negative agronomic N-efficiency observed between doses of 120–180 kg N/ha, which means that it is not necessary to use 180 kg N/ha, especially if there are legumes in crop rotation.

scholarly journals Long-term crop rotation effects on winter and spring cereals productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Ingė Auželienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Productivity Indicators

A long-term field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the VDU Agriculture Academy (formerly Aleksandras Stulginskis University), Institute of Agroecosystems crop rotation collection (equipped in 1967), during 2015–2017. The soil of the Experimental site is moderately fine textured Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The research was carried out on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Skagen’ and 71 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Orphelija’, which were sown in 8 different crop rotations after different preceding crops and rye monoculture. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotation combinations on testing crops yield and productivity indicators. In many cases, rye productivity indicators were lower during 50-year monocropping. The best productivity indicators were obtained by growing rye in them in grass and fallow crop sequences, and for winter wheat in fallow with vetch–oat mixture for fodder and after manure application. In rye these indicators were more dependent on the precipitation amount and the amount of the sum of temperature during the period of generative organ formation. Among these indicators and the number of productive stems, a statistically strong and medium strength correlation interaction was identified: r = 0.83, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01; and winter weat r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.01. The highest winter wheat productivity was established in crop rotation after perennial grasses and leguminous crops. Crop yield in monoculture decreases, but the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers saves lower but stable yields. Spring barley is less dependent on preceding crop, so it can be grown after winter cereals. However, they are more productive when sown after row crops and in crop rotations where one of the rotation members is fertilized with organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals The yield of sugar beet in constant sowing and crop rotation

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Hlushchenko ◽  
R. V. Olepir ◽  
O. I. Len ◽  
O. A. Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Field Crop

Purpose. To determine the long-term effect of a complex of factors (anthropogenic and natural) on the productivity of sugar beet for a significant period and the level of pest reproduction. Study of short crop rotations. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The uneven distribution of precipitation during the sugar beet growing season has differently affected the efficiency of fertilizer systems and, as a consequence, the growth, development of plants and the yield of root crops. Yield of sugar beets at constant sowing on average for five years was dynamic, but its highest productivity, regardless of the fertilizer system, was in the first years of research, from 29.7 to 39.1 t/ha (on average for 1978–1982). Further cultivation in monoculture has led to yield reduction. The highest yield of sugar per hectare was also observed in the first five years, and varied in different fertilizer treatments from 4.67 to 6.22 t/ha. The lowest yield was in 1988–1992 and 1998–2002, 2.71 to 4.42 t/ha and 2.23 to 4.53 t/ha, respectively. Sugar beet yield in crop rotation was influenced by both forecrop and aftercrop. On average, during the years of research (2011–2019), the highest yield (43.0 t/ha) was obtained in the three-field crop rotation winter wheat — spring barley — sugar beet, while the lowest (41.8 t/ha) in the crop rotation sunflower — winter wheat — sugar beet, slightly higher in the four-field crop rotation soybean — winter wheat — sugar beet — corn (42.3 t/ha). The yield of sugar during continuous sowing, on average during the study period, was 3.5–5.1 t/ha, while in crop rotation it was 7.7–8.3 t/ha. According to the results of the survey of crops in the cotyledon phase, it was found that in unchanged sowing the density of common beet weevil (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ) is quite high, 8.8 beetles/m2 (average for 2006–2008) and exceeds the harmfulness threshold (0.2–0.3 beetless/m2) several times. At this density, the damage to plant seedlings was significant. Conclusions. The yield of sugar beet is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Of the anthropogenic, in addition to fertilizers, it is important to adhere to scientifically sound crop rotation. Long-term stationary studies have shown that the cultivation of sugar beet in monoculture leads to a gradual and stable decrease in yield and, consequently, the yield of sugar per hectare. The use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase yields, but not significantly. In addition to weather conditions, the yield of sugar beet in crop rotation is influenced by forecrop and aftercrop. In the studied crop rotations, the lowest yield was obtained in the crop rotation where the forecrop of beets was sunflower, and the largest yield was obtained with legumes. Observance of crop rotation affects the phytosanitary condition of sowing; therefore, in monoculture, the density of common beet weevil is much higher than threshold, which leads to additional costs.

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