A 2-year prospective longitudinal study on low back pain in primary school children

Object The current cross-sectional observational MR imaging study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of lumbar disc degeneration in a healthy population and to establish the baseline data for a prospective longitudinal study. Methods Two hundred healthy volunteers participated in this study after providing informed consent. The status of lumbar disc degeneration was assessed by 3 independent observers, who used sagittal T2-weighted MR imaging. Demographic data collected included age, sex, body mass index, episode(s) of low-back pain, smoking status, hours of standing and sitting, and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores. There were 68 men and 132 women whose mean age was 39.7 years (range 30–55 years). Eighty-two individuals (41%) were smokers, and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores were averaged to 0.6/24. Results The prevalence of disc degeneration was 7.0% in L1–2, 12.0% in L2–3, 15.5% in L3–4, 49.5% in L4–5, and 53.0% in L5–S1. A herniated disc was observed at the corresponding levels in 0.5, 3.5, 6.5, 25.0, and 35.0% of cases respectively. Spondylolisthesis was observed in < 3% of this population. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age and hours sitting were significantly related to L4–5 disc herniation. Episode of low-back pain, smoking status, body mass index, and hours standing did not affect the prevalence of disc degeneration. Conclusions The current study established the baseline data of lumbar disc degeneration in a 30- to 55-year-old healthy population for a prospective longitudinal study. Hours spent sitting significantly increased the prevalence of disc herniation, but episode of low-back pain, smoking status, obesity, and standing hours were not significant risk factors.

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The Present Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.38.2.334 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 334-340

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

AN exploration of the effects of early malnutrition on the development of neurointegrative functioning in school children can of course be carried out definitively only by means of a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk and of appropriately selected control subjects. We are currently engaged in conducting such an investigation. However, since the findings of a prospective longitudinal study become available only after a long period of delay, it was decided that a certain amount of pertinent information could be obtained through a carefully conducted cross-sectional retrospective study of neurointegrative organization in children of school age. The present monograph is the result of such an investigation. To explore the effects of malnutrition on neurointegrative development it was decided to carry out a cross-sectional study of intersensory functioning in the total population of primary school children in a village in which detailed prior information indicated the presence of a significant prevalence level of serious acute or prolonged malnutrition during infancy and the pre-school years. For purposes of the investigation malnutrition was defined retrospectively on the basis of height for age in all children ranging in age from 6 to 11 years. When the child showed a significant diminution of stature with respect to his age-mates in the total village population of children, he was assumed to have an increased likelihood of having been at earlier risk of malnutrition. On this basis, at each age level, a group of children representing the lowest 25% of the height distribution was identified and designated as the group having the greatest likelihood of having been at earlier nutritional risk.

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Maintaining moderate or vigorous exercise reduces the risk of low back pain at 4 years of follow-up: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.jpain.2021.08.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takaaki Ikeda ◽

Upul Cooray ◽

Masayasu Murakami ◽

Ken Osaka

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Low Back ◽

Vigorous Exercise ◽

English Longitudinal Study

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Non specific low back pain in a Turkish population based sample of school children: a field survey with analysis of associated factors

The Pain Clinic ◽

10.1163/156856906778704678 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ugur Cavlak ◽

Ali Cimbiz ◽

Beyza Akdag

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

School Children ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Field Survey ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Low Back

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Language Education and primary school children: the story of using stories

International Journal of Action Research ◽

10.3224/ijar.v15i2.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2-2019) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Nicole Giannikas

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Action Research ◽

Primary School ◽

Language Learning ◽

Language Learners ◽

School Children ◽

Research Study ◽

Language Education ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Western Greece

The present study concentrates on the development of interactive skills in the L2 and the pedagogical aspects of Young Language Learners’ (YLLs) through the use of story telling. Such an approach reveals the benefits of encouraging creativity in learning and, as a result, captures the dynamics of the classroom and the progress of the learner. The data derives from an Action Research study carried out as part of a longitudinal study in South Western Greece, where storytelling is a neglected language learning source. The research concentrates on YLLs of a Beginners level, aged 7-9 years old. The results show the advantageous use of Action Research as a tool of intervention to apply necessary change in language teaching contexts.

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