Background: Therapy with glucocorticoids often results in bone loss and glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. However, the relationship between epidural steroid injection (ESI), bone
mineral density (BMD), and vertebral fracture remains to be determined.
Objective: To establish a relationship between ESI, BMD, and vertebral fracture in
postmenopausal women with low back pain.
Study Design: This study was a retrospective, nonblinded, cross-sectional clinical study.
Setting: University-based pain management center.
Methods: We reviewed the medical records of postmenopausal women with low back
pain who were treated with ESI. A total of 352 postmenopausal women were divided into 2
groups. Group 1 consisted of patients without fracture and Group 2 consisted of those with
fractures. The results of BMD measurements, as well as any fragility fractures, the anatomical
site involved, and the treatment administered, were also recorded. BMD was measured in the
lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur after the treatment.
Results: Of the 352 patients, 218 (62%) had no fractures while 134 (38%) sustained a
fracture. The age was significantly higher among patients who sustained fractures, and
BMD at the lumbar spine, total femur, and femoral neck regions was significantly lower
among patients who sustained fractures. In each region, the prevalence of osteoporosis
was significantly higher in patients with fracture than in patients without fracture (all P <
0.05). Age, height, and weight were associated with low BMD. However, our study showed
no consistent correlation between BMD and the mean number of ESIs, mean total dose of
glucocorticoids, or mean duration of ESIs.
Limitations: First, this study is limited by the fact that it was retrospective. Second, the
number of cases receiving very frequent, high-dose glucocorticoid injections was very small.
Conclusions: Older age and lower BMD were associated with osteoporotic fracture in
postmenopausal women treated for low back pain with ESI. The ESIs were not associated
with low BMD or fracture.
Key words: Bone mineral density, epidural steroid injection, fracture, glucocorticoids, low
back pain, postmenopause.