The impact of fetal sex on risk factors for gestational diabetes and related adverse pregnancy outcomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Seghieri ◽  
Graziano Di Cianni ◽  
Elisa Gualdani ◽  
Alessandra De Bellis ◽  
Flavia Franconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Nutritional status of pregnant women: prevalence and associated pregnancy outcomes

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽  
Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽  
Eni Teresinha Fleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Although obesity is well recognized as a current public health problem, its prevalence and impact among pregnant women have been less investigated in Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pre-obesity and obesity among pregnant women, describing its prevalence and risk factors, and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 5,564 pregnant women, aged 20 years or more, enrolled at aproximately 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, seen in prenatal public clinics of six state capitals in Brazil were followed up, between 1991 and 1995. Prepregnancy weight, age, educational level and parity were obtained from a standard questionnaire. Height was measured in duplicate and the interviewer assigned the skin color. Nutritional status was defined using body mass index (BMI), according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalences (and 95% CI) based on prepregnancy weight were: underweight 5.7% (5.1%-6.3%), overweight 19.2% (18.1%-20.3%), and obesity 5.5% (4.9%-6.2%). Obesity was more frequently observed in older black women, with a lower educational level and multiparous. Obese women had higher frequencies of gestational diabetes, macrosomia, hypertensive disorders, and lower risk of microsomia. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight nutritional status (obesity and pre-obesity) was seen in 25% of adult pregnant women and it was associated with increased risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risks of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes among Normal BMI Women with High Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Xia-Fei Jiang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Dan-Dan Wu ◽  
Jian-Lin Zhang ◽  
Ling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A high maternal triglyceride (mTG) level during early pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the use of specific interventions has been met with limited success. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the relationship between high levels of mTG and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) women. The patients included 39,665 women with normal BMI who had a singleton pregnancy and underwent serum lipids screening during early pregnancy. The main outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large or small size for gestational age (LGA or SGA) at birth. As a result, the high mTG (≥2.05mM) group had increased risks for gestational hypertension ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.80; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.24)), preeclampsia (1.70; 1.38 to 2.11), gestational diabetes (2.50; 2.26 to 2.76), cesarean delivery (1.22; 1.13 to 1.32), preterm birth (1.42, 1.21 to 1.66), and LGA (1.49, 1.33 to 1.68) compared to the low mTG group, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the risks of any adverse outcome were higher in each GWG subgroup among women with high mTG than those in the low mTG group. High mTG augmented risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and LGA among women with 50th or greater percentile of GWG. Interestingly, among women who gained less than the 50th percentile of GWG subgroups, there was no relationship between high mTG level and risks for those pregnancy outcomes when compared to low mTG women. Therefore, weight control and staying below 50th centile of the suggested GWG according to gestational age can diminish the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by high mTG during early pregnancy.

Links between risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Utah mothers with gestational diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
E. Tavake-Pasi ◽  
I. Nash ◽  
K. Lui ◽  
B. Ralls ◽  
W. Stinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

268: The impact of gestational change in body mass index (BMI) on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. S122-S123
Author(s):  
Judith Chung ◽  
Morgan Swank ◽  
Elliott Main ◽  
Kathryn Melsop ◽  
William Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Burden, risk factors and outcomes associated with gestational diabetes in a population-based cohort of pregnant women from North India

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Bahl ◽  
Neeta Dhabhai ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
Pratima Mittal ◽  
Rupali Dewan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) appears to be increasing in India and may be related to the double burden of malnutrition. The population-based incidence and risk factors of GDM, particularly in lower socio-economic populations, are not known. We conducted analyses on data from a population-based cohort of pregnant women in South Delhi, India, to determine the incidence of GDM, its risk factors and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, preterm birth, large for gestational age babies) and need for caesarean section. Methods We analyzed data from the intervention group of the Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS), an individually randomized factorial design trial. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the time of confirmation of pregnancy, and for those who had a normal test (≤140 mg), it was repeated at 24–28 and at 34–36 weeks. Logistic regression was performed to ascertain risk factors associated with GDM. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated to find association between GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes and need for caesarean section. Results 19.2% (95% CI: 17.6 to 20.9) pregnant women who had at least one OGTT were diagnosed to have GDM. Women who had prediabetes at the time of confirmation of pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of developing GDM (RR 2.08, 95%CI 1.45 to 2.97). Other risk factors independently associated with GDM were woman’s age (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.15) and BMI (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). Higher maternal height was found to be protective factor for GDM (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00). Women with GDM, received appropriate treatment did not have an increase in adverse outcomes and no increased need for caesarean section Conclusions A substantial proportion of pregnant women from a low to mid socio-economic population in Delhi had GDM, with older age, higher BMI and pre-diabetes as important risk factors. These findings highlight the need for interventions for prevention and provision of appropriate management of GDM in antenatal programmes. Clinical trial registration Clinical Trial Registry – India, #CTRI/2017/06/008908 (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339&EncHid=&userName=society%20for%20applied%20studies).

scholarly journals Burden, Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Gestational Diabetes in A Population-Based Cohort of Pregnant Women from North India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Bahl ◽  
Neeta Dhabhai ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
Pratima Mittal ◽  
Rupali Dewan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background: The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) appears to be increasing in India and may be related to the double burden of malnutrition. The population-based incidence and risk factors of GDM, particularly in lower socio-economic populations, are not known. We conducted analyses on data from a population-based cohort of pregnant women in South Delhi, India, to determine the incidence of GDM, its risk factors and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, preterm birth, large for gestational age babies) and need for caesarean section. Methods: We analyzed data from the intervention group of the Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS), an individually randomized factorial design trial. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at the time of confirmation of pregnancy, and for those who had a normal test (≤140 mg), it was repeated at 24-28 and at 34-36 weeks. Logistic regression was performed to ascertain risk factors associated with GDM. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated to find association between GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes and need for caesarean section. Results: 19.2% (95% CI: 17.6 to 20.9) pregnant women who had at least one OGTT were diagnosed to have GDM. Women who had prediabetes at the time of confirmation of pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of developing GDM (RR 2.08, 95%CI 1.45 to 2.97). Other risk factors independently associated with GDM were woman’s age (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.15) and BMI (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07). Higher maternal height was found to be protective factor for GDM (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00). Women with GDM, received appropriate treatment did not have an increase in adverse outcomes. However, GDM increased the need for caesarean section (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.36).Conclusions: A substantial proportion of pregnant women from a low to mid socio-economic population in Delhi had GDM, with older age, higher BMI and pre-diabetes as important risk factors. These findings highlight the need for interventions for prevention and provision of appropriate management of GDM in antenatal programmes.Clinical Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registry – India, #CTRI/2017/06/008908 (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339&EncHid=&userName=society%20for%20applied%20studies)

The Need for Personalized Risk-Stratified Approaches to Treatment for Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamil D. Cooray ◽  
Jacqueline A. Boyle ◽  
Georgia Soldatos ◽  
Shakila Thangaratinam ◽  
Helena J. Teede
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Prediction Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personalized Risk

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the prevailing one-size-fits-all approach that treats all women with GDM as having equivalent risk needs revision, given the clinical heterogeneity of GDM, the limitations of a population-based approach to risk, and the need to move beyond a glucocentric focus to address other intersecting risk factors. To address these challenges, we propose using a clinical prediction model for adverse pregnancy outcomes to guide risk-stratified approaches to treatment tailored to the individual needs of women with GDM. This will allow preventative and therapeutic interventions to be delivered to those who will maximally benefit, sparing expense, and harm for those at a lower risk.

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