Epidemiological survey of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine farms in Shanghai, China

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) outbreaks on pig farms have caused significant economic loss in the swine industry since it was first reported in Thailand a decade ago. Anecdotal evidence suggests that PEDV is now endemic in this region, therefore genome information of circulating PEDV is important for molecular surveillance and evaluation of potential benefits of field vaccination. Here, we characterized PEDV infection on commercial Thai swine farms by screening 769 samples of feces and small intestinal contents from pigs with diarrhea between 2011 and 2016. Using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting the spike (S) gene, 153 PEDV-positive samples were further subjected to analysis of the open reading frame 3 and nucleocapsid (N) genes. Comparison of 95 samples in which nucleotide sequencing was successfully obtained for all three genes revealed evolutionary diversity among the Thai PEDV strains. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that although some Thai strains changed little from years past, others resembled more closely to the recent strains reported in China. Interestingly, eight Thai PEDV strains possessed amino acid deletions in the N protein. The PEDV sequence divergence may be responsible for driving periodic outbreaks and continued persistence of PEDV on commercial swine farms. Our findings provide important insight into regional PEDV strains in circulation, which may assist future inclusions of suitable strains for future PEDV vaccines.

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Evaluation of methods for inactivating porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in livestock trailers

10.31274/etd-180810-4014 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Richard Thomas

Keyword(s):

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽

Evaluation Of Methods

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Identifying outbreaks of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus through animal movements and spatial neighborhoods

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-36934-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Gustavo Machado ◽

Carles Vilalta ◽

Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza ◽

Cesar Corzo ◽

Montserrat Torremorell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Animal Movements ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

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PSVI-4 Efficacy of Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid-based Feed Additives as a Mitigation Strategy Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

O L Harrison ◽

G E Nichols ◽

J T Gebhardt ◽

Cassandra K Jones ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that swine viruses can be transmitted via feed. Chemical feed additives have been suggested for the mitigation of these viruses in complete feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available formaldehyde-based feed additive, medium chain fatty acid blend (MCFA), and commercially available fatty acid-based products for mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a feed matrix. Treatments consisted of: 1) non-treated positive control, 2) 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product (Sal Curb; Kemin Industries, Inc.; Des Moines, IA), 3) 0.5% MCFA blend (1:1:1 ratio of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 4) 0.25%, 5) 0.5%, or 6) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Strike; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 7) 0.25%, 8) 0.5%, or 9) 1% of commercial dry mono and diglyceride-based product (Furst Protect; Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 10) 0.25%, 11) 0.5%, or 12) 1% dry mono and diglyceride-based experimental product (Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL) with 3 replications/treatment. Treatments were applied to complete swine feed before inoculation with 106 TCID50/g of feed with PEDV or PRRSV. Post inoculation feed was held at ambient temperature for 24 h before being analyzed via qRT-PCR. The analyzed values represent the cycle threshold. Formaldehyde and MCFA decreased (P < 0.05) the detectable RNA of PEDV and PRRSV compared to all other treatments. Furst Strike, Furst Protect, and the experimental product did not significantly impact detectability of PEDV or PRRSV RNA. In conclusion, MCFA and formaldehyde treatments are effective at reducing detection of RNA from PEDV and PRRSV in feed.

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Differential expression and correlation analysis of miRNA–mRNA profiles in swine testicular cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81189-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Zhang ◽

Chang Li ◽

Bingzhou Zhang ◽

Zhonghua Li ◽

Wei Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Comparison Groups ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractThe variant virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain (YN15) can cause severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED); however, the attenuated vaccine-like PEDV strain (YN144) can induce immunity in piglets. To investigate the differences in pathogenesis and epigenetic mechanisms between the two strains, differential expression and correlation analyses of the microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA in swine testicular (ST) cells infected with YN15, YN144, and mock were performed on three comparison groups (YN15 vs Control, YN144 vs Control, and YN15 vs YN144). The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles were obtained using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the differentially expressed (DE) (p-value < 0.05) mRNA and miRNA were obtained using DESeq R package. mRNAs targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted using the miRanda algortithm. 8039, 8631 and 3310 DE mRNAs, and 36, 36, and 22 DE miRNAs were identified in the three comparison groups, respectively. 14,140, 15,367 and 3771 DE miRNA–mRNA (targeted by DE miRNAs) interaction pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified, and interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Six DE miRNAs and six DE mRNAs were randomly selected to verify the sequencing data by real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Based on bioinformatics analysis, we discovered the differences were mostly involved in host immune responses and viral pathogenicity, including NF-κB signaling pathway and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, etc. This is the first comprehensive comparison of DE miRNA–mRNA pairs in YN15 and YN144 infection in vitro, which could provide novel strategies for the prevention and control of PED.

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