The consumption of milk supplemented with probiotics decreases the occurrence of caries and the salivary concentration of hβD-3 in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Sandoval ◽  
Simone Faleiros ◽  
Rodrigo Cabello ◽  
Mario Díaz-Dosque ◽  
Gonzalo Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Concentration

scholarly journals Native α-Synuclein, 3-Nitrotyrosine Proteins, and Patterns of Nitro-α-Synuclein-Immunoreactive Inclusions in Saliva and Submandibulary Gland in Parkinson’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Emilio Fernández-Espejo ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca ◽  
Juan Suárez ◽  
Eduardo Tolosa ◽  
Dolores Vilas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Similar Concentration ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Background. Salivary α-synuclein (aSyn) and its nitrated form, or 3-nitrotyrosine-α-synuclein (3-NT-αSyn), hold promise as biomarkers for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Nitrative stress that is characterized by an excess of 3-nitrotyrosine proteins (3-NT-proteins) has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism in IPD. The objective is to study the pathological role of native αSyn, 3-NT-αSyn, and 3-NT-proteins in the saliva and submandibulary glands of patients with IPD. Methods. The salivary and serum αSyn and 3-NT-proteins concentration is evaluated with ELISA in patients and controls. Correlations of αSyn and 3-NT-proteins content with clinical features of the disease are examined. Immunohistochemical 3-NT-αSyn expression in submandibulary gland sections is analyzed. Results. (a) Salivary concentration and saliva/serum ratios of native αSyn and 3-NT-proteins are similar in patients and controls; (b) salivary αSyn and 3-NT-proteins do not correlate with any clinical feature; and (c) three patterns of 3-NT-αSyn-positive inclusions are observed on histological sections: rounded “Lewy-type” aggregates of 10–25 µm in diameter, coarse deposits with varied morphology, and spheroid inclusions or bodies of 3–5 µm in diameter. “Lewy-type” and coarse inclusions are observed in the interlobular connective tissue of the gland, and small-sized bodies are located within the cytoplasm of duct cells. “Lewy-type” inclusions are only observed in patients, and the remaining patterns of inclusions are observed in both the patients and controls. Conclusions. The patients’ saliva presents a similar concentration of native αSyn and 3-nitrotyrosine-proteins than that of the controls, and no correlations with clinical features are found. These findings preclude the utility of native αSyn in the saliva as a biomarker, and they indicate the absence of nitrative stress in the saliva and serum of patients. As regards nitrated αSyn, “Lewy-type” inclusions expressing 3-NT-αSyn are observed in the patients, not the controls—a novel finding that suggests that a biopsy of the submandibulary gland, if proven safe, could be a useful technique for diagnosing IPD. Finally, to our knowledge, this is also the first description of 3-NT-αSyn-immunoreactive intracytoplasmic bodies in cells that are located outside the nervous system. These intracytoplasmic bodies are present in duct cells of submandibulary gland sections from all subjects regardless of their pathology, and they can represent an aging or involutional change. Further immunostaining studies with different antibodies and larger samples are needed to validate the data.

Oropharyngeal Bacterial Colonization after Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice La Combe ◽  
Anne-Claire Mahérault ◽  
Jonathan Messika ◽  
Typhaine Billard-Pomares ◽  
Catherine Branger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Oropharyngeal care with chlorhexidine to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia is currently questioned, and exhaustive microbiologic data assessing its efficacy are lacking. The authors therefore aimed to study the effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash on oropharyngeal bacterial growth, to determine chlorhexidine susceptibility of these bacteria, and to measure chlorhexidine salivary concentration after an oropharyngeal care. Methods This observational, prospective, single-center study enrolled 30 critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation for over 48 h. Oropharyngeal contamination was assessed by swabbing the gingivobuccal sulcus immediately before applying 0.12% chlorhexidine with soaked swabs, and subsequently at 15, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min after. Bacterial growth and identification were performed, and chlorhexidine minimal inhibitory concentration of recovered pathogens was determined. Saliva was collected in 10 patients, at every timepoint, with an additional timepoint after 30 min, to measure chlorhexidine concentration. Results Two hundred fifty bacterial samples were analyzed and identified 48 pathogens including Streptococci (27.1%) and Enterobacteriaceae (20.8%). Oropharyngeal contamination before chlorhexidine mouthwash ranged from 103 to 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml in the 30 patients (median contamination level: 2.5·106 CFU/ml), and remained between 8·105 (lowest) and 3·106 CFU/ml (highest count) after chlorhexidine exposure. These bacterial counts did not decrease overtime after chlorhexidine mouthwash (each minute increase in time resulted in a multiplication of bacterial count by a coefficient of 1.001, P = 0.83). Viridans group streptococci isolates had the lowest chlorhexidine minimal inhibitory concentration (4 [4 to 8] mg/l); Enterobacteriaceae isolates had the highest ones (32 [16 to 32] mg/l). Chlorhexidine salivary concentration rapidly decreased, reaching 7.6 [1.8 to 31] mg/l as early as 60 min after mouthwash. Conclusions Chlorhexidine oropharyngeal care does not seem to reduce bacterial oropharyngeal colonization in critically ill ventilated patients. Variable chlorhexidine minimal inhibitory concentrations along with low chlorhexidine salivary concentrations after mouthwash could explain this ineffectiveness, and thus question the use of chlorhexidine for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention.

Application of Salivary Concentration Data to Pharmacokinetic Studies with Antipyrine

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Meffin ◽  
Roger L. Williams ◽  
Terrence F. Blaschke ◽  
Malcolm Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Ruminai and salivary concentration of some sulphonamides in cows and their effect on rumen flora

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Atef ◽  
A.A. Salem ◽  
S.A. Al-Samarrae ◽  
S.A. Zafer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Concentration

Impact of DEFB1 gene regulatory polymorphisms on hBD-1 salivary concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Polesello ◽  
Luisa Zupin ◽  
Roberto Di Lenarda ◽  
Matteo Biasotto ◽  
Giulia Ottaviani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and urea concentration in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Maria Saes Busato ◽  
Carlos Cesar De Antoni ◽  
Thiago Calcagnotto ◽  
Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio ◽  
Luciana Reis Azevedo-Alanis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Salivary Concentration

Abstract Background: The objective of the study was to analyze salivary flow rate, urea concentration, and buffer capacity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) in two different stages. Methods: This study was performed on adolescents (14–19 years), allocated between two groups: type 1 DM group comprised 32 adolescents with type 1 DM, and non-type 1 DM group comprised 32 nondiabetics. The adolescents in type 1 DM group were evaluated at a baseline (T0) and after 15 months (T1), and those in non-type 1 DM group were only evaluated at T0. Diabetic status was determined by glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and capillary glucose tests. Measurement of salivary flow was performed by means of stimulated saliva (SSFR) collection. The buffer capacity (BC) was determined, and analysis of urea salivary concentration was performed using the colorimetric method. Results: At T0, there were significant differences between diabetics and nondiabetics for SSFR and BC (p<0.05). In diabetics, SSFR was 0.790 mL/min in T0 and 0.881 mL/min in T1 (p>0.05). BC at T0 was 4.8, and at T1, it was 3.9 (p=0.000). Urea concentration mean value had a significant decrease at T1 (28.13) compared with T0 (34.88) (p=0.013). There was a negative correlation between SSFR and urea salivary concentration at both T0 (r=−0.426, p≤0.05) and T1 (r=−0.601, p≤0.01). Conclusions: In adolescents with type 1 DM, hyposalivation at T0 was associated with an increase in urea salivary concentration. At T1, hyposalivation was associated with a reduction in BC, and an increase in salivary urea.

scholarly journals Inflammaging: Role in pathogenesis and molecular diagnostics of age-related dilated cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
И.М. Кветной ◽  
Н.С. Линькова ◽  
А.Э. Пухальская ◽  
К.Л. Козлов ◽  
Г.И. Гурко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Old People ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Klotho Protein ◽  
Salivary Concentration ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Актуальность. В патогенезе дилатационной кардиомиопатии (ДКМП) у лиц старших возрастных групп важную роль играет инфламэйджинг и нарушение мелатонинобразующей функции эпифиза. Важной задачей молекулярной медицины является поиск сигнальных молекул - маркеров ДКМП. Цель работы - провести сравнительную оценку концентрации IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, Sirt3, FGF23 и мелатонина в слюне у пациентов старших возрастных групп с ДКМП и без неё. Методы. Определение концентрации сигнальных молекул в слюне осуществляли методом иммуноферментного анализа с последующей статистической обработкой полученных данных. Результаты. У пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста концентрация маркеров инфламэйджинга (IL-1β, IL-6) в слюне повышалась в 8,6-19,1 раза по сравнению с этими показателями у лиц без ДКМП. Концентрация белка Klotho, ингибирующего синтез провоспалительных цитокинов, в слюне пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста была в 4,2-7,6 раза ниже по сравнению с этим показателем у лиц без ДКМП. У пациентов с ДКМП пожилого и старческого возраста концентрация в слюне мелатонина и регулируемого им Sirt3 была в 2,1-4,3 раза ниже по сравнению с этим показателем у лиц без ДКМП. Концентрация FGF23 в слюне не зависела от возраста пациентов и наличия ДКМП. Заключение. В патогенезе ДКМП у лиц старших возрастных групп важную роль играет инфламэйджинг. Об этом свидетельствует снижение синтеза белка Klotho и повышение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов IL-1β и IL-6. Другим звеном патогенеза ДКМП является снижение синтеза мелатонина и, как следствие, нарушение функции сигнального пути Mst1/Sirt3. Исследование концентрации IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, SIRT3 и мелатонина в слюне может применяться для молекулярной диагностики ДКМП у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Background. Inflammaging and disorder of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland play an important role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) in elderly and old people. An important objective of molecular medicine is searching for signal molecules, markers of DC. The aim of this work was to compare concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, Sirt3, FGF23, and melatonin in saliva of elderly and old DC patients and persons without DC. Methods. Concentrations of signal molecules were measured in saliva by ELISA. Results. Salivary concentrations of inflammaging markers (IL-1β, IL-6) in elderly and old DC patients were 8.6-19.1 times higher than in persons without DC. Salivary concentration of Klotho protein, an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, was increased 4.2-7.6 times in elderly and old DC patients compared to the values in persons without DC. Salivary concentrations of melatonin and melatonin-regulated Sirt3 were decreased 2.1-4.3 times in elderly and old DC patients compared to the values in persons without DC. Salivary concentration of FGF23 did not depend on the age or presence of DC. Conclusion. Inflammaging plays in important role in the pathogenesis of DC in elderly and old people as evidenced by decreased synthesis of Klotho and increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Another step in the DC pathogenesis is decreased melatonin synthesis and the resultant dysregulation of the Mst1/Sirt3 signaling way. Measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, Klotho, SIRT3, and melatonin in saliva can be used for molecular diagnostics of DC in elderly and old people.

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