Non-electrically driven robot composed of oat seeds with awns

Melatonin priming is an effective strategy to improve the germination of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds, but the mechanism involved in its time-course responses has remained largely unknown. In the present study, the phenotypic differences, ultrastructural changes, physiological characteristics, and proteomic profiles were examined in aged and melatonin-primed seed (with 10 μM melatonin treatment for 12, 24, and 36 h). Thus, 36 h priming (T36) had a better remediation effect on aged seeds, reflecting in the improved germinability and seedlings, relatively intact cell ultrastructures, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Proteomic analysis revealed 201 differentially abundant proteins between aged and T36 seeds, of which 96 were up-accumulated. In melatonin-primed seeds, the restoration of membrane integrity by improved antioxidant capacity, which was affected by the stimulation of jasmonic acid synthesis via up-accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase, might be a candidate mechanism. Moreover, the relatively intact ultrastructures enabled amino acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were closely associated with energy generation through intermediates of pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate, thus providing energy, active amino acids, and secondary metabolites necessary for germination improvement of aged seeds. These findings clarify the time-course related pathways associated with melatonin priming on promoting the germination of aged oat seeds.

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Mechanical scarification technique breaks seed coat-mediated dormancy in wild oat (Avena fatua)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.94 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Roberto Lujan Rocha ◽

Yaseen Khalil ◽

Aniruddha Maity ◽

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Michael B. Ashworth

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Research Effort ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Species ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

No Donor ◽

Seedling Growth Rate ◽

Oat Seeds

Abstract Wild oat is a herbicide resistance-prone global weed species that causes significant economic losses in dryland and horticultural agriculture. As a result, there has been a significant research effort in controlling this species. A major impediment to this research is the seed coat-mediated dormancy of wild oat, requiring a labor-intensive incision or puncturing of the seed coat to initiate seed germination. This study defines the most efficient settings of a mechanical thresher to overcome wild oat seed dormancy and then validates these settings using multiple populations collected from the Western Australian grain belt. We also compare the effects of rapid mechanical scarification and known germination stimulus tactics such as scarification with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), partial endosperm removal, sandpaper scarification of the seed coat, and immersion in sodium nitroprusside (NO donor SNP) solution on wild oat seedling growth rate. Threshing treatment of 1,500 rpm for 5 s provides equivalent germination compared with manually puncturing individual wild oat seeds, with no difference in seedling relative growth rate. The mechanical scarification of seeds using the thresher resulted in greater germination (66%) than H2SO4 scarification (0%), partial endosperm removal (10%), sandpaper seed coat scarification (25%), and exposure to NO donor SNP (34%). This study demonstrates that the physical dormancy of wild oat can be rapidly overcome using a commercially available mechanical thresher.

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Physiological Performance of White Oat Seeds Treated with Phosphite-based Products

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2020/v14i230125 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Daisy Leticia Ramirez Monzon ◽

Iara Maiqueli Stern Lemke ◽

Lider Ayala ◽

Maria Johana Gonzalez Vera ◽

Geri Eduardo Menegelho

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Physiological Performance ◽

Accelerated Aging Test ◽

Seed Analysis ◽

Oat Seeds ◽

Resistance Inducers

Aims: White oats are considered one of the most important cereals in the world. Currently, fertilizers based on phosphorus and silicon are being studied as inductors of resistance in the treatment of seeds, since they have as advantages such as low costs and excellent absorption by plants. The effects of seed treatment with phosphite resistance inducers are still unknown, being necessary the study in relation to interact with the seed at the time of twinning. Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replications, two commercial products based on phosphite FullTec Mais and Ultra Plus and five doses. Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted at the Didactic Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, in 2019. Methodology: White oat seeds were used, produced in the 2018/2019 agricultural kharif and treated with commercial products based on FullTec Mais and Ultra Plus phosphites, in five doses: 0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.5 mL for each 100 kg of seeds. The variables evaluated were first germination count (CP), germination (G), shoot length (CA), root length (CR), total length (CT), accelerated aging (EV) and total dry mass (MST). The data expressed as a percentage were subjected to analysis of variance to verify the effect of treatments. Then, the Duncan means test (P=0.5) was performed, for the discrimination between the treatment means. Statistical analyzes were performed using the R Core Team (2020). Results: The results showed that the FullTec Mais product stimulates the physiological performance of white oat seeds for the variables first germination count (CP), germination (G) and shoot length (CA), with a dose of 2 mL of the product per 100 kg of seeds that showed the highest expression. For the Ultra Plus product at a dose of 1 mL of the product per 100 kg of seeds it is more efficient in the accelerated aging test (EV), for the other variables it did not show significant differences. Conclusion: It is possible to use phosphite-based micronutrients in seed treatment, without causing physiological damage to the seed during the twinning process.

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The role of new stress protectors in the formation of production process of oat culture during cultivation in anthropogenically polluted areas

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202303011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 03011

Author(s):

Yuliya M. Andriyanova ◽

Irina V. Sergeyeva ◽

Nataliya N. Gusakova ◽

Yuliya M. Mokhonko

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Field Studies ◽

Amylolytic Enzymes ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Oat Seeds ◽

Lead Zinc

Stress protectors (adaptogens) are among the most important factors that regulate growth processes at all stages of plant development. This article presents results of field studies of the effect of new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors (adaptogens) on the elements of productivity and yield of spring oats of the Skakun variety. The obtained results during the research showed that all the studied derivatives of peredazinones are adaptogens and they contribute to an increased productivity and increased yield of spring oats. We studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors on the quality indicators of cereal production of Skakun oats (protein, starch and amylolytic enzymes content in the cereal). Pre-sowing treatment of oat seeds increases the amount of protein in the cereal up to 15%, starch – up to 25%, amylase – up to 20%. We proved the ability of stress protectors to minimize the negative impact of heavy metals (lead, zinc) on agrophytocenoses, which will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly cereal products when cultivating oats in anthropogenically polluted areas of the Saratov Oblast.

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Fusarium Root and Crown Rot: A Disease of Container-Grown Hostas

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.9.980 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (9) ◽

pp. 980-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

B. Wang ◽

S. N. Jeffers

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Leaf Yellowing ◽

Oat Seeds ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Sp

A previously unreported disease was observed on 11 cultivars of container-grown hosta plants at five wholesale nurseries in South Carolina between 1997 and 1999. Symptoms included leaf yellowing, plant stunting, rotting of and vascular discoloration in roots, and necrosis in the crowns. Fusarium spp. consistently were isolated from symptomatic hosta plants. Four species were recovered: F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and an undescribed species designated Fusarium sp.; F. solani and Fusarium sp. were recovered most frequently. To demonstrate pathogenicity, four methods were used to inoculate hosta plants with representative isolates of F. solani, F. oxysporum, and Fusarium sp. Two types of inoculum, colonized oat seeds and conidium suspensions, were used to inoculate wounded and nonwounded plants. Disease symptoms occurred consistently only on hosta plants inoculated by dipping wounded roots and crowns into suspensions of conidia. Symptoms were most severe on plants inoculated with Fusarium sp. and much less severe on plants inoculated with F. solani or F. oxysporum. Disease severity increased and fresh weight of inoculated plants decreased when the concentration of inoculum of Fusarium sp. was increased over the range of 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 conidia per ml. Isolates of Fusarium sp., F. solani, and F. oxysporum varied in virulence when Hosta ‘Francee’ plants were inoculated. This study demonstrated that Fusarium root and crown rot of container-grown hostas is caused primarily by Fusarium sp. but that it also can be caused by F. solani and F. oxysporum. Fusarium sp. appears to be taxonomically distinct from other species, and its identity currently is under investigation.

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