Animal-Driven Nutrient Supply Declines Relative to Ecosystem Nutrient Demand Along a Pond Hydroperiod Gradient

Ecosystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Balik ◽  
Emily E. Jameson ◽  
Scott A. Wissinger ◽  
Howard H. Whiteman ◽  
Brad W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Pond Hydroperiod

The effect of changes in nutrient demand on gastrointestinal parasitism in lactating rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Normanton ◽  
J. G. M. Houdijk ◽  
N. S. Jessop ◽  
D. P. Knox ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Protein Supply

A recent study carried out by Houdijk et al (2005), used a rodent model to assess whether a reduction in protein scarcity during lactation resulted in a reduced degree of parasitism. Feeding high protein foods resulted in a reduced worm burden, but was confounded with increased food intake per se. Therefore, effects observed on parasitism may not necessarily have been associated with an increased protein supply, but with changes in the gut environment due to the increased food intake. Before this model can be used to assess the underlying immune responses, further work is needed to verify that the effects observed are indeed related to changes in nutrient supply. This experiment aimed to provide further evidence on the nutritional control of parasitism during lactation by manipulating nutrient demand. It was expected that the latter would not be associated with changes in food intake per se and results could therefore be used to exclude the influence of non-immunological changes in the gut environment as a contributing factor of reduced parasitism.

scholarly journals Fetal programming and adult health

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 611-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M Godfrey ◽  
David JP Barker
Keyword(s):  
Premature Birth ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Insulin Dependent

AbstractLow birthweight is now known to be associated with increased rates of coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes. These associations have been extensively replicated in studies in different countries and are not the result of confounding variables. They extend across the normal range of birthweight and depend on lower birthweights in relation to the duration of gestation rather than the effects of premature birth. The associations are thought to be consequences of ‘programming’, whereby a stimulus or insult at a critical, sensitive period of early life has permanent effects on structure, physiology and metabolism. Programming of the fetus may result from adaptations invoked when the materno-placental nutrient supply fails to match the fetal nutrient demand. Although the influences that impair fetal development and programme adult cardiovascular disease remain to be defined, there are strong pointers to the importance of maternal body composition and dietary balance during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Nutrient partitioning between reproductive and immune functions in animals

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Neil S. Jessop ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Host Parasite

The physiological processes that underlie the reproductive cycle impose considerable metabolisable protein (MP) demands on a female, especially during the periparturient period. When MP supply falls short of MP demand (i.e. MP becomes scarce), certain, if not all, bodily functions are expected to be penalised. It has been proposed that partitioning of scarce MP is prioritised to reproductive rather than to immune functions. In other words, at times of MP scarcity, the penalty on expression of immunity would be expected to be greater than that on reproduction. This hypothesis forms a nutritional basis for the occurrence of periparturient breakdown of immunity to parasites (BIP), which can be observed in many host–parasite systems. In the present review we explore this nutritional basis, using periparturient sheep infected with the abomasal nematodeTeladorsagia circumcinctaas an example, and attempt to quantify its occurrence. Evidence supporting the nutritional basis of periparturient BIP is reviewed, covering experiments in which nutrient supply (from both exogenous and endogenous sources) and/or nutrient demand were manipulated. Quantitatively, MP requirements for expression of immunity toT. circumcinctawere estimated to be about 1 g/kg metabolic body weight (body weight0·75) per d, approximately 5 % of the maximum MP requirements of periparturient sheep. The major component of this requirement was assumed to be for replenishing irreversible plasma protein losses into the gastrointestinal tract. Although confirmation of this estimate is required, such estimates may be used to improve the known MP requirements of periparturient animals, enabling the extent and the consequences of periparturient BIP to be minimised.

Effect of crossbreeding on components of Hogget wool production

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Meat Sheep

Australia's prime lamb industry is based on systematic three way crossbreeding. This paper examines various genetic effects on wool production, important determinants of profitability of the meat-sheep enterprise. Data from three purebred (Merino, Corriedale and Dorset Horn), six F1 and the six three-way cross lines were analysed. Direct genetic effects were important for all traits analysed. Maternal effects were generally not important. Individual heterosis was large for clean fleece weight (13%) and hogget weight (10%) and important also for fibre diameter (2%). Maternal heterosis averaged 3% for clean fleece weight, -2% for fibre diameter, and 1% for hogget weight (5% rams; -3% ewes). These results support the hypothesis that the action of individual heterosis through increased nutrient demand results in increased mature weights. Also, the effect of maternal heterosis is to increase nutrient supply resulting in increased rates of maturation.

scholarly journals Lime and fertilizer recommendation system for coconut trees

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Nogueira Guedes Pereira Rosa ◽  
Roberto Ferreira de Novais ◽  
Victor Hugo Alvarez V. ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros ◽  
Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque Villani
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Nutrient Demand

Fertilizer recommendation to most agricultural crops is based on response curves. Such curves are constructed from field experimental data, obtained for a particular condition and may not be reliable to be applied to other regions. The aim of this study was to develop a Lime and Fertilizer Recommendation System for Coconut Crop based on the nutritional balance. The System considers the expected productivity and plant nutrient use efficiency to estimate nutrient demand, and effective rooting layer, soil nutrient availability, as well as any other nutrient input to estimate the nutrient supply. Comparing the nutrient demand with the nutrient supply the System defines the nutrient balance. If the balance for a given nutrient is negative, lime and, or, fertilization is recommended. On the other hand, if the balance is positive, no lime or fertilizer is needed. For coconut trees, the fertilization regime is divided in three stages: fertilization at the planting spot, band fertilization and fertilization at the production phase. The data set for the development of the System for coconut trees was obtained from the literature. The recommendations generated by the System were compared to those derived from recommendation tables used for coconut crop in Brazil. The main differences between the two procedures were for the P rate applied in the planting hole, which was higher in the proposed System because the tables do not pay heed to the pit volume, whereas the N and K rates were lower. The crop demand for K is very high, and the rates recommended by the System are superior to the table recommendations for the formation and initial production stage. The fertilizer recommendations by the System are higher for the phase of coconut tree growth as compared to the production phase, because greater amount of biomass is produced in the first phase.

Influence of increased nutrient supply on Microcystis aeruginosa at cellular and proteomic levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Y Jiang ◽  
Y Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Various studies have observed that increased nutrient supply promotes the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, but only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of increased nutrient supply on bloom-forming cyanobacteria at the proteomic level. We investigated the cellular and proteomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Increased supply of both nutrients significantly promoted the growth of M. aeruginosa and the synthesis of chlorophyll a, protein, and microcystins. The release of microcystins and the synthesis of polysaccharides negatively correlated with the growth of M. aeruginosa under high nutrient levels. Overexpressed proteins related to photosynthesis, and amino acid synthesis, were responsible for the stimulatory effects of increased nutrient supply in M. aeruginosa. Increased nitrogen supply directly promoted cyanobacterial growth by inducing the overexpression of the cell division regulatory protein FtsZ. NtcA, that regulates gene transcription related to both nitrogen assimilation and microcystin synthesis, was overexpressed under the high nitrogen condition, which consequently induced overexpression of 2 microcystin synthetases (McyC and McyF) and promoted microcystin synthesis. Elevated nitrogen supply induced the overexpression of proteins involved in gas vesicle organization (GvpC and GvpW), which may increase the buoyancy of M. aeruginosa. Increased phosphorus level indirectly affected growth and the synthesis of cellular substances in M. aeruginosa through the mediation of differentially expressed proteins related to carbon and phosphorus metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive description of changes in the proteome of M. aeruginosa in response to an increased supply of 2 key nutrients.

Effect of water and nutrient supply on the yield of pea varieties

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
M. Lesznyák ◽  
Borbély Hunyadi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Effect Of Water

Nutrient-Use Patterns in Nursery Crops

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557a-557
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Rose ◽  
Barbara Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Practical Constraints

Long-standing fertilizer recommendations for field-grown nursery and landscape ornamentals are based on maximizing growth, not nutrient efficiency. Further, these recommendations fall short because of failure to consider 1) the extent of crop nutrient removal, 2) varying nutrient retention characteristics of soils across the United States, and 3) a body of research that suggests that woody ornamentals have a limited response to fertilization under most soil conditions. Concern for the environmental impact of fertilization justifies a reevaluation of current nursery fertilization practices, as well a discussion of the practical constraints on the adoption of new approaches, e.g., nutrient demand-driven fertilization. Research on the nutrient use patterns of woody plants will be reviewed with emphasis on implications for increasing fertilization efficiency. OSU research on water availability and nutrient-use interactions also will be presented.

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