Ocular flutter as the cardinal feature of anti-GM2 rhombencephalitis

Ultrasound has advanced the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. It can be used to identify and monitor enthesitis, a cardinal feature of spondyloarthropthies. Several enthesitis scoring systems utilizing ultrasound to determine entheseal involvement have been developed. These scoring systems generally rely on determining the presence or absence of erosions, tendon enlargement, power Doppler signal, or enthesophytes. This systematic review identified ultrasound scoring systems that have been utilized for evaluating enthesitis and what key components derive the score. Review of these scoring systems, however, demonstrated confounding as some of the score components including enthesophytes may be seen in non-inflammatory conditions and some components including erosions can be seen from chronic damage, but not necessarily indicate active inflammatory disease. What is furthermore limiting is that currently there is not an agreed upon term to describe non-inflammatory enthesopathies, further complicating these scoring systems. This review highlights the need for a more comprehensive ultrasound enthesopathy scoring index.

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An Ayurvedic Approach in Management of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome

International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine ◽

10.47552/ijam.v11i4.1504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 644-649

Author(s):

Saroj Kumari ◽

Sarvesh Kumar Singh ◽

Kshipra Rajoria ◽

Avadhesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Polycystic Ovaries ◽

Female Population ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Hormonal Dysfunction ◽

Cardinal Feature ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a probably fastest growing endocrinological disorder in females of reproductive age. In PCOS, follicular growth is influenced by hormonal imbalance during the ovarian cycle, leads to affected follicles remain in the ovary. The prevalence of PCOS is estimated 6-10% globally and 3.7% - 22.5% in Indian female population, which is relatively high. It is characterised by hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polycystic ovaries which clinically manifests in the terms of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, infertility etc. In present scenario, incidence of this disease increasing exponentially due to sedentary lifestyle and faulty dietary habits. This particular disease is not described word to word in Ayurveda. Associated features of PCOS are closely resembling with Bandhya Yonivyapada, Artavavahasrotasa-Vidhha Lakshana, Nastartava and Ksheenaartava described by Acharya Sushruta and Pushpghani Jatharini and Vikuta Jatharini mentioned by Acharya Kashyap. Maximum congruence of PCOS can be established with Bandhya Yonivyapada. The purpose of this study is to understand Nastartava which is the cardinal feature of Bandhya. Word Artava has been used exclusively in Samhita in context of menstrual blood, ovum and ovarian hormones. Therefore Amenorrhea, anovulation, hormonal dysfunction is considered exposed manifestations of Nastartava. Possible line of treatment is stipulated with Nidanaparivarjan, herbal drugs and Panchakarma procedures. Keywords- Ayurveda, Artava, Nastartava, PCOS, Herbal drugs, Panchakarma

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Enteroviral rhombencephalitis presenting with ocular flutter

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.jocn.2016.10.024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 57-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Fong ◽

Sangamithra Babu ◽

Nigel Wolfe

Keyword(s):

Ocular Flutter

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Postinfectious ocular flutter

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000344416.19427.cc ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 1027-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Waisbourd ◽

A. Kesler

Keyword(s):

Ocular Flutter

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Ocular flutter associated with sarcoidosis

Neuro-Ophthalmology ◽

10.3109/01658108808996025 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 77-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Salonen ◽

E. Nikoskelainen ◽

E. Aantaa ◽

R. Marttila

Keyword(s):

Ocular Flutter

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Abstract 5501: Reduced Coronary Reserve as a Mechanism in Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Cardiomyopathy and its Rescue by Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5 Knockout

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_562-a ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Shumin Gao ◽

Lin Yan ◽

Chull Hong ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Li Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adenylyl Cyclase ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Adrenergic Receptors ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Wild Type ◽

Coronary Reserve ◽

Small Heart ◽

Cardinal Feature ◽

Adenylyl Cyclase Type 5

Reduced coronary reserve (CR) is a cardinal feature of human cardiomyopathy, but it has not been studied extensively in mouse models of cardiomyopathy, potentially because of difficulties inherent to measuring CR in such a small heart. The first goal of this study was to determine if reduced CR is a potential mechanism involved in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of cardiomyopathy, induced by cardiac overexpression of beta 2 -adrenergic receptors (beta 2 -AR Tg). Older beta 2 -AR Tg mice (16–17 months, n=7) developed cardiomyopathy, as reflected by decreased LV ejection fraction (LVEF, 50±7%), and increased fibrosis (5.2±0.4%) and apoptosis (3.8±0.6%). CR was obtained by measuring LV coronary blood flow at baseline and with adenosine (160 microg/kg/min) induced hyperemia using high resolution ultrasound (Vevo 770). CR was significantly decreased in beta 2 -AR Tg (1.8±0.2) compared with wild type (WT) (3.0±0.3, n=6). The next goal was to determine if the rescue of the beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy resulted in a rescue of reduced CR. Since adenylyl cyclase type 5 knockout (AC5 KO) mice are protected against catecholamine stress and the development of heart failure (HF), and exhibit enhanced CR (3.7±0.4, n=5), we hypothesized that mating these mice with beta 2 -AR Tg might rescue the cardiomyopathy. Older (16–17 months, n=4) bigenic mice (beta 2 -AR Tg x AC5 KO) demonstrated a rescue of cardiomyopathy, as reflected by normalized LVEF (71±1%) and levels of apoptosis (0.11±0.01%) and fibrosis (1.09±0.33%), similar to WT. In these mice, CR was also normalized (3.4±0.6). Reduced CR in beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy is similar to that observed in large mammalian models, and in patients with cardiomyopathy. Thus, this mechanism is important to consider in mouse models of cardiomyopathy, in general, and also in particular for the mechanism of the rescue of the beta 2 -AR Tg cardiomyopathy by AC5 KO.

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COVID-19 Beyond the Lungs

10.4018/978-1-7998-8225-1.ch007 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 109-126

Author(s):

Omar El Hiba ◽

Hicham Chatoui ◽

Nadia Zouhairi ◽

Lahoucine Bahi ◽

Lhoussaine Ammouta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Case Reports ◽

The World ◽

Acute Pneumonia ◽

The Brain ◽

Cardinal Feature ◽

Shed Light

Since December 2019, the world has been shaken by the spread of a highly pathogen virus, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov2), which emerged in Wuhan, China. SARS-Cov2 is known to cause acute pneumonia: the cardinal feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical features of the disease include respiratory distress, loss of spontaneous breathing, and sometimes neurologic signs such as headache and nausea and anosmia, leading to suppose a possible involvement of the nervous system as a potential target of SARS-CoV2. The chapter will shed light on the recent clinical and experimental data sustaining the involvement of the nervous system in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, based on several case reports and experimental data reporting the possible transmission of SARS-CoV2 throughout the peripheral nerves to the brain cardiorespiratory centers. Thus, understanding the role of the nervous system in the course of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 is important in determining the appropriate therapeutic approach to combat the disease.

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Oscillopsia, Nystagmus, Saccadic Oscillations, and Intrusions

Eye Movement Disorders in Clinical Practice ◽

10.1093/med/9780199921805.003.0010 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 373-412

Author(s):

Shirley H. Wray

Keyword(s):

Saccadic Eye Movement ◽

Vestibular Nystagmus ◽

Paraneoplastic Encephalitis ◽

Ocular Flutter ◽

Slow Drift ◽

Close Observation ◽

Pendular Nystagmus ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Upbeat Nystagmus ◽

Cancer Of The Lung

Nystagmus, defined as an involuntary repetitive, rhythmic to-and-fro movement of the eyes initiated by a slow drift that shifts an image off the fovea, is discussed in detail. The steps to take in evaluating nystagmus are emphasized , including the importance of close observation with the patient supine, prone, and lying on either side Central vestibular nystagmus due to disease of the central nervous system is covered fully and case studies include patients with upbeat nystagmus and with acquired pendular nystagmus.. When a saccadic eye movement takes the eye away from fixation (saccadic intrusion), a variety of saccadic oscillations can occur, in particular multidirectional saccades without an intersaccadic interval, which is diagnostic of opsoclonus; ocular flutter; or the two oscillations combined. . Two paraneoplastic syndromes illustrate these disorders , a case of ocular flutter associated with paraneoplastic encephalitis and cancer of the lung, and an infant with opsoclonus as the herald syndrome of a neuroblastoma.

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