348Cardiac sarcoidosis: the role of advanced imaging modalities

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling. The authors reviewed the initial images of a young patient with shunt-treated hydrocephalus and enlarging, chronic, extraaxial processes presumed to reflect subdural collections from overshunting, and they examine the operative discovery of a mass lesion that was pathologically proven to be JXG. Their results incorporate the important associated histological and advanced imaging features, including previously unreported metabolic activity on FDG PET. Ultimately, the case underscores the need to consider JXG in differential diagnoses of pediatric intracranial masses and highlights the potential role of PET in the initial diagnosis and response to treatment.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727055320.793542836 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Klaus Ulrich Klein

Keyword(s):

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽

Respiratory Distress ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Advanced Imaging

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Differentiating Glioblastomas from Solitary Brain Metastases: An Update on the Current Literature of Advanced Imaging Modalities

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13122960 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2960

Author(s):

Austin-John Fordham ◽

Caitlin-Craft Hacherl ◽

Neal Patel ◽

Keri Jones ◽

Brandon Myers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Dynamic Susceptibility ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Imaging Protocol ◽

Solitary Brain Metastases

Differentiating between glioblastomas and solitary brain metastases proves to be a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists, as both present with imaging patterns consisting of peritumoral hyperintensities with similar intratumoral texture on traditional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Early diagnosis is paramount, as each pathology has completely different methods of clinical assessment. In the past decade, recent developments in advanced imaging modalities enabled providers to acquire a more accurate diagnosis earlier in the patient’s clinical assessment, thus optimizing clinical outcome. Dynamic susceptibility contrast has been optimized for detecting relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume. Diffusion tensor imaging can be used to detect changes in mean diffusivity. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging is an innovative modality detecting changes in intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction, and extracellular volume fraction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to assist by providing a metabolic descriptor while detecting variable ratios of choline/N-acetylaspartate, choline/creatine, and N-acetylaspartate/creatine. Finally, radiomics and machine learning algorithms have been devised to assist in improving diagnostic accuracy while often utilizing more than one advanced imaging protocol per patient. In this review, we provide an update on all the current evidence regarding the identification and differentiation of glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases.

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Structural and Functional Imaging in Glioma Management

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyaa360 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bledi C Brahimaj ◽

Ryan B Kochanski ◽

John J Pearce ◽

Melike Guryildirim ◽

Carter S Gerard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Hemispheric Dominance ◽

Tumor Control ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Glioma Surgery ◽

Multiple Modalities ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Multiple Imaging

Abstract The goal of glioma surgery is maximal safe resection in order to provide optimal tumor control and survival benefit to the patient. There are multiple imaging modalities beyond traditional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have been incorporated into the preoperative workup of patients presenting with gliomas. The aim of these imaging modalities is to identify cortical and subcortical areas of eloquence, and their relationship to the lesion. In this article, multiple modalities are described with an emphasis on the underlying technology, clinical utilization, advantages, and disadvantages of each. functional MRI and its role in identifying hemispheric dominance and areas of language and motor are discussed. The nuances of magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation in localization of eloquent cortex are examined, as well as the role of diffusion tensor imaging in defining normal white matter tracts in glioma surgery. Lastly, we highlight the role of stimulated Raman spectroscopy in intraoperative histopathological diagnosis of tissue to guide tumor resection. Tumors may shift the normal arrangement of functional anatomy in the brain; thus, utilization of multiple modalities may be helpful in operative planning and patient counseling for successful surgery.

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Role of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of normal and diseased thymus

The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00006-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. A. Hussein ◽

Y. Y. Sabri ◽

M. A. Fouad ◽

H. H. Al-Zawam ◽

N. M. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Imaging Modalities

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Not All That Shines on a PET Scan Is Cancer: A Silicone-Induced Granuloma Masquerading as Malignancy

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.3390/clinpract11010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Krishna Vedala ◽

Philip Sobash ◽

Deborah Johnson ◽

Krishna Kakkera

Keyword(s):

Pet Scan ◽

Imaging Modalities ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Suspicious Lesions

PET/CT scans are frequently used in the initial workup of suspicious lesions but not all that lights up on a PET is cancerous. We wish to discuss a case of silicone-induced granuloma mimicking malignancy and the role of other imaging modalities for further workup.

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