Morphological distance and inter-nest distance account for intra-specific prey overlap in digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Polidori ◽  
Yolanda Ballesteros ◽  
Davide Santoro ◽  
José Tormos ◽  
Josep D. Asís
Keyword(s):  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Determinants of lungworm specificity in five cetacean species in the western Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pool ◽  
Clara Romero-Rubira ◽  
Juan Antonio Raga ◽  
Mercedes Fernández ◽  
Francisco Javier Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Common Dolphins ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract Background Current data about Pseudaliidae show contrasting patterns of host specificity between congeneric species. We investigated how both contact and compatibility between hosts and parasites contributed to the patterns of lungworm infection observed in a community of five species of cetaceans in the western Mediterranean. Methods The lungs of 119 striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba, 18 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus, 7 Risso’s dolphins Grampus griseus, 7 long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melas, and 6 common dolphins Delphinus delphis were analysed for lungworms. Parasites were identified by morphology and analysis of ITS2 sequences using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Body length was used as a proxy for lungworm species fitness in different hosts and compared with Kruskal-Wallis tests. Infection parameters were compared between cetacean species using Fisher’s exact tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Phylogenetic specificity was explored by collating the overall lungworm species prevalence values in hosts from previous surveys in various localities. To explore the relative importance of vertical and horizontal transmission, Spearman’s rank correlation was used to look for an association between host size and lungworm burden. A Mantel test was used to explore the association between lungworm species similarity and prey overlap using dietary data. Results Halocercus delphini had higher infection levels in striped dolphins and common dolphins; Stenurus ovatus had higher infection levels in bottlenose dolphins; and Stenurus globicephalae had higher infection levels in long-finned pilot whales. These results are congruent with findings on a global scale. Morphometric comparison showed that the larger nematodes were found in the same host species that had the highest parasite burden. Lungworms were found in neonatal striped dolphins and a Risso’s dolphin, and there was a weak but significant correlation between host size and parasite burden in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins. There was also a weak but significant association between prey overlap and lungworm species similarity. Conclusions Data indicate that phylogenetic specificity has an important role in governing host–parasite associations, as indicated by the higher infection levels and larger nematode size in certain hosts. However, diet can also influence infection patterns in these preferred hosts and contribute to less severe infections in other hosts.

Effects of flood suppression on natricine snake diet and prey overlap

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Hampton ◽  
Neil B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Nerodia Fasciata ◽  
Nerodia Erythrogaster ◽  
Prey Overlap ◽  
Prey Items

Organisms may become adapted to disturbances when these disturbances occur periodically and at intermediate intensity. To investigate the effects of flood suppression, this study compared diet and competition of semi-aquatic snakes during flood (2000–2001) and no flood (2003–2005) years. Three natricine species, Nerodia erythrogaster (Forster in Bossu, 1771), Nerodia fasciata (L., 1766), and Thamnophis proximus (Say in James, 1823), were palpated for prey items in an east Texas floodplain under both conditions. Prey items were classified as crayfish, salamanders, anurans, or fish. Simpson’s diversity index of prey, frequency of consumed prey type, and prey importance values were compared between flood and no flood years. Pianka’s index of niche overlap was used to compare changes in diet overlap between species in the years with floods and those without. In the absence of floods, the number of prey types consumed by N. erythrogaster and T. proximus decreased. The frequency of prey types consumed during flood years was significantly different from the period of flood suppression for all three species. The order of prey importance also changed in the absence of floods for all three snake species. Without floods, diet overlap decreased between N. erythrogaster and the other two species; however, overlap between N. fasciata and T. proximus doubled.

scholarly journals The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kempf ◽  
Gjert Endre Dingsør ◽  
Geir Huse ◽  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The North ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.

Species interactions between the White-winged Chough and Australian Magpie in a fragmented landscape

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Cox ◽  
J. J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
New South ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian Magpie ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Prey Overlap

We studied the ecology of the White-winged Chough and its interaction with the Australian Magpie on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, over seven months. Both species are ground foragers and significant prey overlap was assumed. Invertebrate biomass as an index of habitat quality, showed grasslands to be the most valuable of the three habitats, followed by edge and forest habitats. Magpie territories were positioned around the grasslands and therefore were of higher quality than chough territories which were dominated by forest and edge. Magpies actively exclude chough groups from most of the highly valuable grassland habitat, through repeated and persistent attacks. Despite an apparently effective defensive strategy we concluded that the chough was largely excluded from the most attractive habitat in our study area by the magpie. This study highlights the implications of species interactions on the responses of individual species to habitat fragmentation across a landscape. Implications of this study for the validity of present vertebrate habitat models, which ignore the dynamic nature of population behaviour are discussed.

scholarly journals Predator–prey overlap in three dimensions: cod benefit from capelin coming near the seafloor

Ecography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fall ◽  
Edda Johannesen ◽  
Göran Englund ◽  
Geir Odd Johansen ◽  
Øyvind Fiksen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals The relationship between plankton, capelin, and cod under different temperature conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Orlova ◽  
V.D. Boitsov ◽  
A.V. Dolgov ◽  
G.B. Rudneva ◽  
V.N. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract On the basis of data from cold (1982 and 1987) and warm summers (1983, 1984, 1990, and 1992), we explore the relationship between the phytoplankton bloom and the timing and intensity of the zooplankton bloom. In warm years, there is more overlap in the time between the zooplankton and the phytoplankton bloom. In northern areas (76–78°N) with seasonal ice, the phytoplankton bloom and reproductive processes in Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis continue well into August, evidenced by the presence of an abundance of nauplii and younger copepodites. We analyse feeding intensity of capelin and its distribution relative to food availability and capelin abundance. The extent to which feeding areas of cod and capelin, its major prey, overlap is subject to the abundance of these species, distribution of zooplankton, and sea temperature in a given year.

Assessment of prey overlap between a native (Polistes humilis) and an introduced (Vespula germanica) social wasp using morphology and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2037-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta L. Kasper ◽  
Andrew F. Reeson ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Kym D. Perry ◽  
Andrew D. Austin
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Trophic ecology and morphology of Anolis bartschi (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Viñales National Park, Cuba

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
L. Yusnaviel García-Padrón ◽  
Geydis León Amador ◽  
Mariela Mezquía Delgado ◽  
Yusvel Martínez Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Prey Overlap

Trophic ecology and morphology of Anolis bartschi (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Parque Nacional Viñales, Cuba. Little is known about the trophic ecology of most anoles of Cuba. Morphology is directly related to ecological functions in lizards, such as feeding strategies, interspecifc competition or energetic demands linked to reproduction. Anolis bartschi is a regionally endemic species, restricted to karstic hills of western Cuba. Here, we offer new insights into the trophic ecology of this species, and its relation to head morphology. We captured 131 adults; males were larger than females in size and head width. Most of them had prey in their stomachs. Males consumed more prey than females, but the latter consumed larger prey. Prey overlap within sexes was detected in the dry season, but trophic segregation occurred in the rainy season. Hymenoptera was the most frequently consumed prey in both sexes. In addition, females ate Blattodea and Coleoptera, and males consumed more Diptera. We suggest that this lizard prefers sedentary rather than mobile prey. According to our dataset and feld observations, A. bartschi is a bimodal forager lizard, but research on temporal (daily and annual) variation in diet is recommended for a proper forage classifcation of this lizard.

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