scholarly journals Predator–prey overlap in three dimensions: cod benefit from capelin coming near the seafloor

Ecography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fall ◽  
Edda Johannesen ◽  
Göran Englund ◽  
Geir Odd Johansen ◽  
Øyvind Fiksen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kempf ◽  
Gjert Endre Dingsør ◽  
Geir Huse ◽  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
The North ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Prey Overlap

Abstract Kempf, A., Dingsør, G. E., Huse, G., Vinther, M., Floeter, J., and Temming, A. 2010. The importance of predator–prey overlap: predicting North Sea cod recovery with a multispecies assessment model. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1989–1997. The overlap between predator and prey is known as a sensitive parameter in multispecies assessment models for fish, and its parameterization is notoriously difficult. Overlap indices were derived from trawl surveys and used to parametrize the North Sea stochastic multispecies model. The effect of time-invariant and year- and quarter-specific overlap estimates on the historical (1991–2007) and predicted trophic interactions, as well as the development of predator and prey stocks, was investigated. The focus was set on a general comparison between single-species and multispecies forecasts and the sensitivity of the predicted development of North Sea cod for the two types of overlap implementation. The spatial–temporal overlap between cod and its predators increased with increasing temperature, indicating that foodweb processes might reduce the recovery potential of cod during warm periods. Multispecies scenarios were highly influenced by assumptions on future spatial overlap, but they predicted a considerably lower recovery potential than single-species predictions did. In addition, a recovery of North Sea cod had strong negative effects on its prey stocks. The consequences of these findings for management are discussed.

scholarly journals Predator–prey overlap induced Holling type III functional response in the North Sea fish assemblage

2008 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kempf ◽  
J Floeter ◽  
A Temming
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Fish ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Survival probability of Baltic larval cod in relation to spatial overlap patterns with their prey obtained from drift model studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
H-H. Hinrichsen ◽  
J.O. Schmidt ◽  
C. Petereit ◽  
C. Möllmann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Prey Overlap ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract Temporal mismatch between the occurrence of larvae and their prey potentially affects the spatial overlap and thus the contact rates between predator and prey. This might have important consequences for growth and survival. We performed a case study investigating the influence of circulation patterns on the overlap of Baltic cod larvae with their prey. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to analyse spatio-temporally resolved drift patterns of larval Baltic cod. A coefficient of overlap between modelled larval and idealized prey distributions indicated the probability of predator–prey overlap, dependent on the hatching time of cod larvae. By performing model runs for the years 1979–1998 investigated the intra- and interannual variability of potential spatial overlap between predator and prey. Assuming uniform prey distributions, we generally found the overlap to have decreased since the mid-1980s, but with the highest variability during the 1990s. Seasonally, predator–prey overlap on the Baltic cod spawning grounds was highest in summer and lowest at the end of the cod spawning season. Horizontally variable prey distributions generally resulted in decreased overlap coefficients. Finally, we related variations in overlap patterns to the variability of Baltic cod recruitment success.

A review of methods for quantifying spatial predator–prey overlap

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Carroll ◽  
Kirstin K. Holsman ◽  
Stephanie Brodie ◽  
James T. Thorson ◽  
Elliott L. Hazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Match-mismatch dynamics in the Norwegian-Barents Sea system

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
ASA Ferreira ◽  
LC Stige ◽  
AB Neuheimer ◽  
B Bogstad ◽  
N Yaragina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Prey Overlap

A key process affecting variation in the recruitment of fish into fisheries is the spatio-temporal overlap between prey and predator (match-mismatch hypothesis, MMH). The Northeast Arctic cod Gadus morhua and its dominant prey, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, have long been studied in the Norwegian-Barents Sea system. However, the mechanistic explanation of how cod survival is affected by MMH dynamics remains unclear. Most MMH studies have focused on either the time synchrony or the spatial overlap between trophic levels. Here, we used G. morhua larvae and C. finmarchicus data collected in the Norwegian-Barents Sea via ichthyoplankton surveys from 1959-1992 to assess the effect of the predator-prey relationship on predator recruitment to the fisheries at age 3 (as a measure of survival) and to develop a metric of predator-prey overlap using spatio-temporal statistical models. We then compared the interannual variability of the predator-prey overlap with the predator’s abundance at recruitment to assess how MMH dynamics explain the survival of cod during its early life stages. We found that the amount of overlap between cod larvae (length: 11-15 mm) and their prey explained 29% of cod recruitment variability. Positive correlations between predator-prey overlap and subsequent recruitment were also found for predators of 6-10 and 16-20 mm, but not for 21+ mm. This improved predator-prey overlap metric is thus (1) useful to better understand how predator-prey dynamics at early life stages of fish impact the survival of later stages; and (2) a valuable tool for assessing the state of an ecosystem.

Effects of Temperature and Oxygenation on Predator-Prey Overlap and Prey Choice of Notonecta glauca

10.2307/4531 ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Cockrell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Choice ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Prey Overlap

scholarly journals Climate and Demography Dictate the Strength of Predator-Prey Overlap in a Subarctic Marine Ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Hunsicker ◽  
Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽  
Kevin M. Bailey ◽  
Stephani Zador ◽  
Leif Christian Stige
Keyword(s):  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey Overlap

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Inelastic Electron Scattering from Valence Electrons in Aluminum

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
P. E. Batson ◽  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inelastic Electron ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Scattering Spectrum ◽  
Valence Electrons ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Electronic Scattering

We wish to report in this paper measurements of the inelastic scattering component due to the collective excitations (plasmons) and single particlehole excitations of the valence electrons in Al. Such scattering contributes to the diffuse electronic scattering seen in electron diffraction patterns and has recently been considered of significance in weak-beam images (see Gai and Howie) . A major problem in the determination of such scattering is the proper correction for multiple scattering. We outline here a procedure which we believe suitably deals with such problems and report the observed single scattering spectrum.In principle, one can use the procedure of Misell and Jones—suitably generalized to three dimensions (qx, qy and #x2206;E)--to derive single scattering profiles. However, such a computation becomes prohibitively large if applied in a brute force fashion since the quasi-elastic scattering (and associated multiple electronic scattering) extends to much larger angles than the multiple electronic scattering on its own.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

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