Recycling of cathode ray tube panel glasses as aggregates of concrete blocks and clay bricks

The management of electronic waste (e-waste) mainly from televisions and computers, has turned into an environmental issue due to the increased demand in the electronics sector and the highly toxic contents (mercury, lead, or cadmium) of some of these devices that make them almost unrecoverable. Therefore, these valuable devices become wastes disposed of in landfills. Worldwide, some scholars have proposed recycling methods that re-introduce these wastes streams in the manufacturing process of heavy concrete, pavement, concrete blocks, and clay bricks among other unconventional products. The replacement rates of virgin materials with recycled e-waste fluctuate according to the type of waste. Nevertheless, the use of e-waste generates a positive environmental impact due to the less demand for virgin materials such as river sand and gravel. This study aimed to review the current e-waste recycling state-of-the-art such as circuit boards (PCB), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), cathode ray tube (CRT), and LCD screens. A systematic review of scientific literature published in the last 10 years (2010–2019) was done through the SCOPUS database. The results showed a maximum potential replacement rate of 40% for this type of waste, given the effect on the physical and thermomechanical properties of the concrete.

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Workability and mechanical properties of mortar containing recycled sand from aerated concrete blocks and sintered clay bricks

Resources Conservation and Recycling ◽

10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104728 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 104728 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiong Liu ◽

Amardeep Singh ◽

Jianzhuang Xiao ◽

Biao Li ◽

Vivian WY Tam

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Aerated Concrete

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Observed Seismic Behavior of Buildings in Northern Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake

Earthquake Spectra ◽

10.1193/1.3383119 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 425-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Amjad Naseer ◽

Akhtar Naeem Khan ◽

Zakir Hussain ◽

Qaisar Ali

Keyword(s):

Seismic Behavior ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Masonry Buildings ◽

Kashmir Earthquake ◽

North West ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

The North ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

2005 Kashmir Earthquake ◽

Recent Earthquakes

Recent earthquakes in Pakistan demonstrated that the region is highly seismic. Masonry buildings constructed with stones, concrete blocks, and fired-clay bricks and concrete buildings were damaged during the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. This paper presents the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings in northern part of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Kashmir during the earthquake. Most of the buildings were observed to be nonengineered or semi-engineered. The paper presents an overview of the 1937 Quetta building code and the 1986 and 2007 building codes of Pakistan. Lessons learned during the earthquake are also presented.

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A Comparative Study on Conventional Clay Bricks and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 889 (1) ◽

pp. 012061

Author(s):

Rahul kumar ◽

Ankur Thakur ◽

Aditya Kumar Tiwary

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Clay Brick ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Aerated Concrete ◽

Materials Used ◽

Infill Material ◽

Constructed Environment

Abstract In India, traditional clay brick is the most common filler material used in building. The materials used in construction have a significant influence on both the constructed environment and the project’s ultimate cost. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) has recently emerged as a viable alternative to clay and fly ash bricks. In this work, a comparison of clay bricks and AAC blocks is explored. Although AAC blocks have been utilised in building since 1924, they now account for just 16-18% of all construction in India. AAC blocks have desirable mechanical qualities in proportion to their low bulk density, improved thermal and acoustic properties, light weight, and ease of installation, making them an obvious alternative to replace traditional clay bricks. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of AAC blocks as an infill material to replace clay bricks and to encourage its usage in construction to create more energy efficient and sustainable structures. AAC blocks’ potential as an infill material in hilly areas is discussed.

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR BLOCKS WITH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE

Applications of Structural Fire Engineering ◽

10.14311/asfe.2015.051 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Dubravka Bjegovic ◽

Ivana Miličevic ◽

Nina Štirmer

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Precast Concrete ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Concrete Floor ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Natural Aggregate ◽

Floor Systems ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Crushed Brick

The paper presents possibility of usage of crushed clay bricks and roof tiles as an aggregate for concrete in precast concrete floor blocks. According to literature review, concrete with crushed brick and roof tiles as an aggregate has better thermal properties than regular concrete with natural aggregate. Applicability of concrete mixture for precast concrete blocks was tested regarding the requirements set in HRN EN 15037-2 Precast Concrete products – Beam and block floor systems – Part 2: Concrete blocks. Precast concrete blocks with crushed bricks and roof tiles were made and their mechanical properties after exposure to high temperature were tested. Based on experimental results, conclusions are made about usage of crushed bricks and roof tiles as partial replacement of natural aggregate in concrete for precast concrete blocks with improved resistance to high temperatures.

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Experimental investigation on interlocking concrete block for masonry wall of non-engineered earthquake resistant buildings

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015605016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 05016

Author(s):

Mochamad Teguh ◽

Furqon Widi Rivai ◽

Novi Rahmyanti ◽

Erik Wahyu Pradana

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Concrete Block ◽

Seismic Damage ◽

Masonry Wall ◽

Frame Structure ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Earthquake Resistant ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Earthquake Load

Most of the seismic damage of existing traditional buildings is due to the absence of practical beam and column structures as the main reinforcement of the building. While a masonry wall as a structural component is commonly negligible due to their relatively low strength in contributing to the frame structure. As a result, when the earthquake struck, the building collapsed, and the ruins of building elements hit the occupants seriously and caused many deaths. This paper presents the results of preliminary research on the experimental investigation of interlocking concrete block for the masonry wall applied to non-engineered earthquake-resistant buildings. The interlocking between concrete blocks is expected to contribute to the strength of the masonry wall in resisting the loads, either in-plane or out-of-plane directions. The novelty of this type of concrete block lies in the uniqueness of the interlocking shape, making it effective in withstanding the earthquake load. This research focuses on the testing of interlocking concrete block units in withstanding loads in the direction and perpendicular to the field and equipped with testing the compressive strength of the wall and diagonal shear strength. The results produce interlocking models of concrete block contribute to better strength than ordinary clay bricks for the masonry wall.

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Cathode-ray tube

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.114010 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cathode Ray Tube

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Use of Foam Polystyrene Waste in the Conditions of a Reinforced Concrete Products Factory

Zhilishchnoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-49-52 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

S.E. YANUTINA ◽

Keyword(s):

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Precast Concrete ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Design Strength ◽

Foam Polystyrene ◽

Secondary Use ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Polystyrene Waste ◽

Factory Laboratory

The relevance of research in the factory laboratory of JSC «198 KZHI», which is part of the HC GVSU «Center», is dictated by the need to dispose of foam polystyrene waste that occurs in large quantities when producing the precast concrete. In the production of three-layer external wall panels, polystyrene heatinsulating plates of the PPS 17-R-A brand are used as an effective insulation material. The secondary use of PPS 17-R-A for its intended purpose, as a heater, is not possible. The volume of foam polystyrene produced varies from 25 to 45 m3 per month. Utilization (disposal) of foam polystyrene waste is an expensive undertaking. Its use as a filler in the production of expanded polystyrene blocks was tested in the factory’s laboratory to produce foam polystyrene concrete with specified physical and mechanical characteristics. The results of testing of expanded polystyrene concrete of classes B2.5 and B 7.5 are presented. It is shown that under the conditions of the reinforced concrete factory technology, the production of polystyrene concrete blocks is possible with the achievement of the design strength. The information presented in the article is aimed at motivating specialists who produce recast concrete to the possibility of using foam polystyrene waste for low-rise construction. Keywords: foam polystyrene, ecology, energy efficiency, foam polystyrene concrete, foam polystyrene heat insulation plates, precast concrete.

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The Development Of Society Businesses In Concrete Blocks Production With A Single Vibration System In The Pare Sub-District Kediri Regency

JASTEN (Jurnal Aplikasi Sains Teknologi Nasional) ◽

10.36040/jasten.v1i1.3088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Diah Willis L ◽

Thomas Priyasmanu ◽

Wahyu Panji A ◽

D. H. Praswanto ◽

E. Y. Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Production Cost ◽

Building Construction ◽

Vibration System ◽

Current Development ◽

Drying Process ◽

Long Time ◽

Concrete Blocks ◽

Good Potential ◽

Main Components

Development in the current development sector has grown rapidly, in this development we can see a good potential to be developed, namely the development of bricks with good quality compared to using red bricks which production takes a long time. Batako is an alternative that can be used in the construction of a building, because currently the price of red brick is quite high because the production cost is quite expensive. Besides, the price of firewood used for cooking red brick is getting difficult. Meanwhile, the demand for brick gradually increased because brick was one of the main components in building construction. So it needs to be developed in making brick blocks because the time is relatively short in the drying process. Therefore the community service team made a brick making machine with a vibration system for compaction and a faster production process in brick making using a machine that has been made, so that it can increase partner income, who previously produced 120 pieces with a manual system using a machine that could produce 500 pieces of brick per day.

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