Basal area growth rates of five major species in a Pinus-Cunninghamia forest in eastern China affected by asymmetric competition and spatial autocorrelation

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiping Cheng ◽  
Kiyoshi Umeki ◽  
Tsuyoshi Honjo ◽  
Daijiro Mizusaki
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Asymmetric Competition ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Area Growth

Growth and wood quality of young loblolly pine trees in relation to stand density and climatic factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Cregg ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
T. C. Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Stand Basal Area

A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Specific gravity, latewood percentage, date of transition from earlywood to latewood, growth, and climate variables were measured for 2 years after thinning. Variation in the measured wood properties was more influenced by climatic variation than by the thinning treatments. Diameter growth and per-tree basal-area growth were significantly greater on the thinned treatments both years after thinning. However, stand basal-area growth was greatest on the unthinned treatment. Basal-area growth rates were significantly related to stand basal area, tree size, soil water potential, and air temperature. Early in the summer, growth was positively related to mean daily temperature, while later in the summer, growth was negatively related to mean daily temperature, reflecting the influence of high-temperature stress on growth. A year with high summer rainfall (1984) resulted in wood with a higher percentage of latewood and higher specific gravity than wood produced in a year with low summer rainfall (1985). The date of latewood initiation was significantly related to tree size, soil moisture, and evaporative demand. The date of transition from earlywood to latewood occurred 10–14 days sooner on the unthinned plots in both years. However, annual ring latewood percentage and specific gravity were not significantly affected by thinning. Increased late-season growth rates compensated for the later transition date on the thinned treatments, resulting in no net change in ring latewood percentage due to thinning. The results indicate that individual tree basal-area growth can be increased by thinning without reducing wood density.

Performance of Anthocephaluschinensis in Puerto Rico

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel E. Lugo ◽  
Julio Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
The Tropics

The growth of kadam (Anthocephaluschinensis (Lam.) A. Rich. ex Walp.), a fast-growing Asiatic species, was studied under different soil and climatic conditions in Puerto Rico. Plantings included a 10-year-old line planting, a 12.5-year-old plantation, 12 localities with 20-year-old single tree plots, and 1 locality with four 52-year-old trees. Over 600 trees were measured in all. Growth rates were comparable to those of fast-growing species elsewhere in the tropics; e.g., the 12.5-year-old plantation had a volume growth of 27.8 m3•ha−1•year−1 (77% was merchantable wood), a basal area growth of 1.82 m2•ha−1•year−1, and a total aboveground biomass production of 11.5 t•ha−1•year−1. Trees grew well both in plantations and in lines under natural forest. The 20-year-old single tree plots averaged up to 1 m•year−1 in height growth and 53 cm2•year−1 in basal area growth. Highest rates were observed in localities with high annual rainfall (>2500 mm) and with phosphorus- and silt-rich soils of high bulk density and low pH. After 10 years, basal area growth of trees was fastest in volcanic deep clay locations, followed, in order, by trees on volcanic shallow loams, calcareous soils, and plutonic sandy loams. However, basal area growth during the first 5 years was fastest in the plutonic sandy loams and slowest in the calcareous soils. After 20 years, volcanic deep clay soils still supported the fastest basal area growth rate (about 100 cm2•year−1), while the other locations converged at about 30 cm2•year−1. Trees reached maximum height after 20 years (average, 19 m; maximum, 26.5 m). Kadam growth was limited by close spacings (below 2.5 × 2.5 m). Trees exhibited excellent form (ratio of diameter at 1.3 m to diameter at 4.9 m > 0.8). We found no evidence of pest or disease attacks on trees, but noted severe tapering and stem twist in localities having poor growth rates. Results underline the need for caution when making species adaptability assessments in the tropics with short-term (<10 years) data.

Response of young black cherry stands to fertilization

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Auchmoody
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Twenty fertilizer treatments of different rates and combinations of N, P, and K were established in young black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.) stands that originated after clear-cutting in northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Height, diameter, and basal area growth rates and foliar nutrient composition were evaluated annually for 5 years thereafter. Nitrogen alone and P in combination with N produced large increases in height, diameter, and basal area growth. The addition of K to N + P treatments produced no additional response. Growth responses were largest during the first 2 years after fertilization, with increases in height and diameter lasting for 4 to 5 years. In year 1, maximum growth rates were reached with 112 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha, but 224 kg N/ha and 49 kg P/ha were necessary to sustain responses in following years. Both seedling and sapling stands responded to fertilization with similar absolute annual increases in height and diameter, though absolute basal area response of saplings exceeded that of seedlings owing to large differences in pretreatment diameters. Nitrogen fertilization increased average foliar N from 2.51 to 3.94% in year 1, but this concentration declined sharply thereafter and was at the control level by year 4. Phosphorus fertilization increased average foliar P from 0.12 to 0.21% in year 1, with further increases through year 5. Potassium fertilization increased average foliar K from 1.01 to 1.21% over the 5-year period, though there was considerable year-to-year variation.

Sap Sweetness Consistency vs. Growth Rates in Young Sugar Maples

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Laing ◽  
Diantha B. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Sugar Maples ◽  
Definite Trend ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Abstract Mature sugar maples have been shown in a previous study to be consistent for sap sweetness when ranked against other trees in a population for many years. This study examined sap sweetness in young sugar maples in relation to basal area growth rates. A definite trend toward consistency for sap sweetness was found in young trees although there was greater variability than in mature trees. Reasons for this variability are postulated to be the continuing competitive growth of the younger trees and mortality due to natural causes and/or management. However, the trend toward consistency for sweetness warrants sap testing as a criterion in selecting potential crop trees for sap production. Annual correlations between sap sweetness and growth rates varied with no clear trend. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):5-9, March 1990.

Field Notes: Predicted Vs. Actual Basal Area Growth in West Virginia

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Arlyn W. Perkey ◽  
Kenneth L. Carvell
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Field Notes

A New Index Representing Individual Tree Competitive Status

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Carl A. Budelsky ◽  
Richard C. Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Area Growth

A new competition index, modified Area Potentially Available (APA), was tested in a complex unevenaged stand composed of 19 different hardwood species. APA considers tree size, spatial distribution, and distance relationships in quantifying intertree competition and exhibits a strong correlation with individual tree basal area growth. The most important characteristic of APA is its potential for evaluating silvicultural practices.

scholarly journals Regional Variability of the Romanian Main Tree Species Growth Using National Forest Inventory Increment Cores

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Marin ◽  
Vlad C. Strimbu ◽  
Ioan V. Abrudan ◽  
Bogdan M. Strimbu
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Temporal Grouping ◽  
Area Growth

In many countries, National Forest Inventory (NFI) data is used to assess the variability of forest growth across the country. The identification of areas with similar growths provides the foundation for development of regional models. The objective of the present study is to identify areas with similar diameter and basal area growth using increment cores acquired by the NFI for the three main Romanian species: Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and Sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). We used 6536 increment cores with ages less than 100 years, a total of 427,635 rings. The country was divided in 21 non-overlapping ecoregions based on geomorphology, soil, geology and spatial contiguousness. Mixed models and multivariate analyses were used to assess the differences in annual dimeter at breast height and basal area growth among ecoregions. Irrespective of the species, the mixed models analysis revealed significant differences in growth between the ecoregions. However, some ecoregions were similar in terms of growth and could be aggregated. Multivariate analysis reinforced the difference between ecoregions and showed no temporal grouping for spruce and beech. Sessile oak growth was separated not only by ecoregions, but also by time, with some ecoregions being more prone to draught. Our study showed that countries of median size, such as Romania, could exhibit significant spatial differences in forest growth. Therefore, countrywide growth models incorporate too much variability to be considered operationally feasible. Furthermore, it is difficult to justify the current growth and yield models as a legal binding planning tool.

scholarly journals An Individual-Tree Growth and Yield Prediction System for Uneven-Aged Shortleaf Pine Stands

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Huebschmann ◽  
Lawrence R. Gering ◽  
Thomas B. Lynch ◽  
Onesphore Bitoki ◽  
Paul A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract A system of equations modeling the growth and development of uneven-aged shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands is described. The prediction system consists of two main components: (1) a distance-independent, individual-tree simulator containing equations that forecast ingrowth, basal-area growth, probability of survival, total and merchantable heights, and total and merchantable volumes and weights of shortleaf pine trees; and (2) stand-level equations that predict hardwood ingrowth, basal-area growth, and mortality. These equations were combined into a computer simulation program that forecasts future states of uneven-aged shortleaf pine stands. Based on comparisons of observed and predicted stand conditions in shortleaf pine permanent forest inventory plots and examination of the growth patterns of hypothetical stands, the simulator makes acceptable forecasts of stand attributes. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):112-120.

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