scholarly journals Effects of using certain tree species in forest regeneration on regional wind damage risks in Finnish boreal forests under different CMIP5 projections

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-707
Author(s):  
V.-P. Ikonen ◽  
A. Kilpeläinen ◽  
H. Strandman ◽  
A. Asikainen ◽  
A. Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Wind Damage

scholarly journals Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purhonen Jenna ◽  
Abrego Nerea ◽  
Komonen Atte ◽  
Huhtinen Seppo ◽  
Kotiranta Heikki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Host Tree Species

AbstractThe general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.

Diversification of tree stands as a means to manage pests and diseases in boreal forests: myth or reality?

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Koricheva ◽  
Harri Vehviläinen ◽  
Janne Riihimäki ◽  
Kai Ruohomäki ◽  
Pekka Kaitaniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Pure forest stands are widely believed to be more prone to pest outbreaks and disease epidemics than mixed stands, leading to recommendations of using stand diversification as a means of controlling forest pests and pathogens. We review the existing evidence concerning the effects of stand tree-species diversity on pests and pathogens in forests of the boreal zone. Experimental data from published studies provide no overall support for the hypothesis that diversification of tree stands can prevent pest outbreaks and disease epidemics. Although beneficial effects of tree-species diversity on stand vulnerability are observed in some cases, in terms of reductions in damage, these effects are not consistent over time and space and seem to depend more on tree-species composition than on tree-species diversity per se. In addition, while mixed stands may reduce the densities of some specialized herbivores, they may be more attractive to generalist herbivores. Given that generalist mammalian herbivores cause considerable tree mortality during the early stages of stand establishment in boreal forests, the net effect of stand diversification on stand damage is unlikely to be positive.

scholarly journals Do we need to adapt the choice of main boreal tree species in forest regeneration under the projected climate change?

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piritta Torssonen ◽  
Harri Strandman ◽  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Regeneration

Epiphyte Flora and Diversity on Basal Trunks of Six Old-Growth Forest Tree Species in Southern and Middle Boreal Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Kuusinen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Habitat Generalist

AbstractEpiphytic lichen and bryophyte species composition, richness and diversity were surveyed on basal trunks of six common old-growth forest tree species, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus incana, Salix caprea and Populus tremula, in two old-growth forest areas, one in southern and one in middle boreal Finland. The average species numbers per tree ranged from 18 (Picea) to 27 (Salix) in the southern and from 20 (Populus) to 31 (Salix) in the middle boreal area. A few widespread habitat-generalist species, such as the foliose lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca, were most abundant on all the tree species, except Populus. Most other epiphyte species showed at least a slight preference for one or two tree species. Populus proved to have the most distinct flora characterized by the abundance of certain, rather specialized crustose lichens and bryophytes. The number of species that occurred on only one tree species was highest on Populus (9) in the southern and on Alnus (18) in the middle boreal area. Differences in bark acidity and structure were the most likely explanations for the differences between tree species in the epiphytic flora and diversity. Salix and Populus were the most important of the tree species studied for the conservation of epiphyte diversity in the boreal forests of Finland.

Recent fire activity in the boreal forests of central western Siberia is unprecedented in the past 5000 years: palaeoenvironmental evidence contextualises a burning issue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Feurdean ◽  
Andrei Cosmin Diaconu ◽  
Gabriela Florescu ◽  
Mariusz Galka ◽  
Simon M. Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invader Species

<p>Although wildfire events in Siberia have increased in frequency and intensity over recent decades, in the absence of long-term records, it is not clear how far this trend deviates from baseline conditions. Short-term datasets categorise the forest fire regime in Siberia as one of surface, litter fires alternating withdevastating crown fires, although there is significant variability within this region likely reflecting vegetation composition. However, a comprehensive understanding of how vegetation composition and properties determine fire regimes remains lacking. To address this question we used two peat records spanning the last 2500 yr and a 5000 yr, respectively of charcoal morphologies-derived fire regime, pollen-based vegetation dynamics and stable isotope and testate amoebae-based climate reconstructions from boreal forests in central western Siberia, combined with fire-related functional traits of key boreal tree species. Compared to the trend over the 5000 yr period (mean fire return interval=FRI of 400 yr), our reconstructed mean FRI of 145 yr for the last five centuries is notably the shortest in the record. Most fires in this area tend to be surface, litter fires, although over the last centuries surface fires show an increased trend towards crowning. Frequent fires between 5000 and 4000 cal yr BP and 1500 cal yr BP to the present were concurrent with the dominance of invader species (primarily Betula) and fire endurer (mainly herbs) with prevalence of resisters (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica). Longer fire return intervals (up to 500 yr) between 4000 and 1500 cal yr BP were associated with the dominance of fire resisters with a considerable proportion of fire avoiders (Abies sibirica and Picea obovata). The rising number of fire episodes and the intensification of fire events over the past 1500 years have likely promoted fire-adapted plant communities (invaders and endurers) that can rapidly reach maturity, contributing to the reduction of avoider and resister species. This trend demonstrates that fire avoider species particularly fail to regenerate if the intervals between fire episodes are too short and thatan increasing number of fire episodes can drive land cover towards more fire-adapted plant communities. Our long-term perspective shows that the current fire regime lies significantly outside baseline conditions, which may drive future change in forest composition towards an increased prevalence of invader species. This study also contributes to an understanding of disturbance regimes in Pinus-Betula forests and considers the potential of tree species to adapt to new fire regimes.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Regional risks of wind damage in boreal forests under changing management and climate projections

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1632-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.-P. Ikonen ◽  
A. Kilpeläinen ◽  
A. Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
H. Strandman ◽  
A. Asikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
The South ◽  
Growing Stock

We employed simulations by forest ecosystem (SIMA) and mechanistic wind damage (HWIND) models in upland boreal forests throughout Finland to study regional risks of wind damage under changing management preferences and climates (current and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios) over 2010–2099. We used a critical wind speed for the uprooting of trees as a measure of vulnerability, which together with the probability of such wind speed defined a level of risk. Based on that, we also predicted the stem volume of growing stock at risk and the amount of damage. In this work, medium fertility sites were planted to one of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), or silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) or to the tree species that was dominant before the final clear-felling. The vulnerability to wind damage, the volume of growing stock at risk, and the amount of damage all increased, increasing the most in the south when the proportion of Norway spruce (with shallow rooting) of the growing stock increased. Under a severe climate warming, the proportion of Norway spruce decreased the most in the south, opposite to that of birch. This decreased the risk of damage in autumn (when birch is leafless), unlike in summer. The low risk of damage in the north was due to the large proportion of Scots pine.

Tree Species Classification in Boreal Forests With Hyperspectral Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2632-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dalponte ◽  
Hans Ole Orka ◽  
Terje Gobakken ◽  
Damiano Gianelle ◽  
Erik Naesset
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Tree Species Classification

scholarly journals Effects of wind damage on the optimal management of boreal forests under current and changing climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain ◽  
Timo Pukkala ◽  
Heli Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Management Plans

This study presents a new method for considering the risk of wind damage in forest planning and for predicting the amount of damage and its effects on timber production, economic profitability and carbon balance of forestry. The effects of wind damage on the optimal management of boreal forests under current and changing climatic conditions were analyzed by comparing four forest management plans. A reference plan maximized net present value (NPV) with even-flow harvesting constraints. The second plan minimized height differences between adjacent stands, the third minimized height differences while simultaneously maximizing NPV, and the fourth maximized height differences between adjacent stands. To obtain damage-adjusted results, schedules that belonged to the optimal management plans were simulated with wind damage, taking into account the shelter provided by adjacent stands. Maximizing NPV and simultaneously minimizing height differences resulted in the highest damage-adjusted NPV. Increasing wind damage increased carbon balance of forest soil but decreased the total carbon balance of forestry as it decreased the carbon balances of living forest biomass and wood-based products. Climate change slightly improved the total carbon balance of forestry. If wind damage was ignored in calculations, NPV, total carbon balance of forestry, and timber production were overestimated.

scholarly journals Detection of aspen in conifer-dominated boreal forests with seasonal multispectral drone image point clouds

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwin Hardenbol ◽  
Anton Kuzmin ◽  
Lauri Korhonen ◽  
Pasi Korpelainen ◽  
Timo Kumpula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
European Aspen

Current remote sensing methods can provide detailed tree species classification in boreal forests. However, classification studies have so far focused on the dominant tree species, with few studies on less frequent but ecologically important species. We aimed to separate European aspen ( tremula L.), a biodiversity-supporting tree species, from the more common species in European boreal forests ( L., [L.] Karst., spp.). Using multispectral drone images collected on five dates throughout one thermal growing season (May–September), we tested the optimal season for the acquisition of mono-temporal data. These images were collected from a mature, unmanaged forest. After conversion into photogrammetric point clouds, we segmented crowns manually and automatically and classified the species by linear discriminant analysis. The highest overall classification accuracy (95%) for the four species as well as the highest classification accuracy for aspen specifically (user’s accuracy of 97% and a producer’s accuracy of 96%) were obtained at the beginning of the thermal growing season (13 May) by manual segmentation. On 13 May, aspen had no leaves yet, unlike birches. In contrast, the lowest classification accuracy was achieved on 27 September during the autumn senescence period. This is potentially caused by high intraspecific variation in aspen autumn coloration but may also be related to our date of acquisition. Our findings indicate that multispectral drone images collected in spring can be used to locate and classify less frequent tree species highly accurately. The temporal variation in leaf and canopy appearance can alter the detection accuracy considerably.PopulusPinus sylvestrisPicea abiesBetula

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