Microdilution testing reveals considerable and diverse antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, thermophilic Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. isolated from wild birds present in urban areas

The bacteriologic quality of 10 ready-to-consume Trinidadian foods and drinks was determined by culturing for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. The toxigenicity of S. aureus and E. coli strains was determined and the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to bacteriophages was also investigated. Of a total of 293 food samples tested, 58 (19.8%), 30 (10.2%), and 10 (3.4%) were positive for S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella spp., respectively. All samples were negative for Campylobacter but only two food types, chutney and preserved fruits, were negative in all pathogen assays. The sausage known as black pudding (boudin noir) was significantly (P ≤ 0.001; χ2 more contaminated with S. aureus (73.0%) than other foods and was also significantly (P ≤ 0.0l; χ2) more contaminated (43.2%) than all other foods except seamoss (33.3%) and roti (20.0%), where the difference was not significant (P ≥ 0.05; χ2). Black pudding also yielded all 10 strains of Salmonella isolated; the prevalent serotypes were S. agona (4 isolates) and S. derby (3 isolates). All 30 isolates of E. coli were negative for heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) and verotoxins (VT). Of the 58 S. aureus isolates, 33 (56.9%) were susceptible to bacteriophages with 19 (70.4%) of 20 black-pudding and 12 (66.7%) of 18 ice-cream isolates typeable. None of the isolates recovered from local sweets, snow cones, and roti was typeable. Regardless of the food source, strains of S. aureus were most susceptible to phages in various groups (mixed) constituting 21 (63.6%) of 33 strains typeable, followed by phages in groups III (18.2%) and V (15.2%). Twenty-two (37.9%) strains of S. aureus were enterotoxigenic with 8 (13.8%), 5 (8.6%), 13 (22.4%), and 12 (20.7%) strains producing, either singly or mixed, Staphylococcal enterotoxins A(SEA), B(SEB), C(SEC), and D(SED) respectively. It was concluded that black pudding, a local delicacy, poses the greatest health risk to consumers, making it imperative to institute sanitary measures during its production and sale.

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Occurrence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli in inline milk filters from Swedish dairy farms

Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.1111/jfs.12726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Catarina Flink ◽

Karin Nyberg

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Swedish Dairy ◽

Campylobacter Spp

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Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from pigs at slaughterhouses in Korea

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr10.850 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 823-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bi Kim Hyo ◽

Baek Hyun ◽

Lee SooJin ◽

Jang YangHo ◽

Jung SukChan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Spp

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Comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w07-019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 919-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kavitha Boinapally ◽

Xiuping Jiang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

South Carolina ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Plate Counts

The objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught South Carolina (SC) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. Seven wild-caught SC shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. Total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 CFU/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 CFU/g. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught SC shrimp and farm-raised imported shrimp. However, the percentages of bacteria with reduced susceptibility towards ceftriaxone and tetracycline were higher (P < 0.05) for farm-raised shrimp than for wild-caught samples. Salmonella spp. detected only in one farm-raised sample was resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. Vibrio vulnificus was detected in both wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp samples; however, only the isolate from farm-raised shrimp was resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Escherichia coli detected in one wild-caught sample was resistant to ampicillin. Both Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were absent with wild-caught SC samples. Therefore, the presence of more ceftriaxone- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the observed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of isolates from the imported shrimp may reflect the possible use of antibiotics in raising shrimp in those countries.

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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors profile of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from different environments exposed to anthropogenic activity

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.jgar.2020.05.016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 578-583

Author(s):

Michelle M. Balbin ◽

Dawn Hull ◽

Chloe Guest ◽

Lauren Nichols ◽

Robert Dunn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Salmonella Spp

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Microbiological Quality of Retail Imported Unprepared Whole Lettuces: A PHLS Food Working Group Study

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-62.4.325 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 325-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

C. LITTLE ◽

D. ROBERTS ◽

E. YOUNGS ◽

J. de LOUVOIS

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Natural Microflora ◽

Production Practices ◽

Campylobacter Spp

A study of imported unprepared whole lettuces sampled from supermarkets, greengrocers, shops, and market stalls found that all were of acceptable microbiological quality. Twenty-seven out of 151 (18%) imported lettuce samples had Enterobacteriaceae levels of 104 CFU/g or more. However, these bacteria that constitute part of the natural microflora of unprepared vegetables may also be derived from the soil and/or by poor handling. The pathogens, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, and also Escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination, were not detected in any imported lettuces, indicating that hygiene, harvesting, and production practices were good. Imported lettuces with Enterobacteriaceae levels of 104 CFU/g or more varied with type of retail premises and the temperature at which the lettuces were displayed. Samples from greengrocers, shops, and market stalls were more likely to contain Enterobacteriaceae at levels in excess of 104 CFU/g than those from supermarkets.

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Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence-associated genes of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from ducks in a Chinese slaughterhouse

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 157-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xinfeng Han ◽

Xingai Guan ◽

Hang Zeng ◽

Jiakang Li ◽

Xuelin Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽

Campylobacter Spp

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Genetic Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Cryptic Clades in Birds with Diverse Human Associations

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00861-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (15) ◽

pp. 5123-5133 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Michaela D. J. Blyton ◽

Hongfei Pi ◽

Belinda Vangchhia ◽

Sam Abraham ◽

Darren J. Trott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Content Type ◽

Backyard Poultry ◽

Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽

Wilderness Areas

ABSTRACTThe manner and extent to which birds associate with humans may influence the genetic attributes and antimicrobial resistance of their commensalEscherichiacommunities through strain transmission and altered selection pressures. In this study, we determined whether the distribution of the differentEscherichia coliphylogenetic groups and cryptic clades, the occurrence of 49 virulence associated genes, and/or the prevalence of resistance to 12 antimicrobials differed between four groups of birds from Australia with contrasting types of human association. We found that birds sampled in suburban and wilderness areas had similarEscherichiacommunities. TheEscherichiacommunities of backyard domestic poultry were phylogenetically distinct from theEscherichiacommunities sourced from all other birds, with a large proportion (46%) of poultry strains belonging to phylogenetic group A and a significant minority (17%) belonging to the cryptic clades. Wild birds sampled from veterinary and wildlife rehabilitation centers (in-care birds) carriedEscherichiaisolates that possessed particular virulence-associated genes more often thanEscherichiaisolates from birds sampled in suburban and wilderness areas. TheEscherichiaisolates from both the backyard poultry and in-care birds were more likely to be multidrug resistant than theEscherichiaisolates from wild birds. We also detected a multidrug-resistantE. colistrain circulating in a wildlife rehabilitation center, reinforcing the importance of adequate hygiene practices when handling and caring for wildlife. We suggest that the relatively high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in the in-care birds and backyard poultry is due primarily to the use of antimicrobials in these animals, and we recommend that the treatment protocols used for these birds be reviewed.

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