Seasonal and intradiurnal variation of allergenic fungal spores in urban and rural areas of the North of Portugal

Aerobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oliveira ◽  
H. Ribeiro ◽  
J. L. Delgado ◽  
I. Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
The North ◽  
Intradiurnal Variation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Suburban Composite Landscape Corridor Design Based on “Flow” Concept in Dinghai District of Zhoushan

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Fang Wen ◽  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Zhoushan Archipelago ◽  
Agricultural Tourism ◽  
Important Nodes

Dinghai district, the central area of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, lies on the biggest island of Zhoushan Archipelago. Owing to its marvelous island feature, Zhoushan has been attracting more and more people to Island Tourism, Agricultural Tourism and Culture Tourism. Shuangxiao Road is a transportation line through suburban area connecting the south to the north. However, the vicinity of Shuangxiao Road fails to afford the comprehensive suburban function to coordinate urban areas with rural ones. This paper holds the opinion that Shuangxiao Road should not be treated as a road with only transportation function, but also a composite corridor and should play an important role in integrating urban and rural areas on landscape. Also, the concept "Flow" explains the crucial role of landscape corridor in suburban area. We investigate the situation along Shuangxiao Road and find out the superior resources, environmental problems and landscape potentials. Paying attention to important nodes and interfaces, with nodes renovation, facades reform and interfaces design, this paper tries to regenerate the existing corridor to a novel composite one. The composite landscape corridor not only improves the environmental conditions and conveys landscape features, but also enhances the integration of urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kauark-Leite ◽  
B. Vinçon-Leite ◽  
J. F. Deroubaix ◽  
A. Loireau ◽  
D. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation services (WSS) and for adapting water utility practice to real conditions. In this context, the Vida no Vale (Life in the Valley) project is aimed at bringing universal access to WSS for all inhabitants of both urban and rural areas, in the north-eastern area of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. The project takes sustainable development as its guiding principle, and relies on the joint implementation of an innovative technical design, a governance model involving public participation and subsidiarity, and an economic structure combining financial viability and social equity. Designed at a consistent geographical and hydrological scale, it includes the creation of a regional subsidiary of the existing state water company as a keystone element. The institutional organisation also relies on the creation of a public board consisting of the 92 municipalities of the project region and of the State of Minas Gerais. This board will be in charge of the system's governance. This paper presents the first step of the project (2006), consisting of a feasibility study and the implementation of 9 pilot sub-projects. During the feasibility study, the supply, demand and capacity to pay for water services were defined, existing infrastructure appraised, the necessary amount of investment assessed and an innovative operational model and a sustainable management system, including civil society participation, defined. The main features of the Vida no Vale project have been tested in 9 pilot sub-projects, and implemented in municipalities chosen for their low Human Development Index and for the lack of WSS, in both urban and rural areas. A second phase corresponding to the project's final implementation will run from 2007 to 2011. The Vida no Vale project design resulted in a logical and extensive framework which could be used for developing similar WSS projects in other poor, rural regions, its adaptiveness being a key feature for taking into account the specific, local conditions.

scholarly journals Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2683-2712
Author(s):  
L. Kauark-Leite ◽  
B. Vinçon-Leite ◽  
J. F. Deroubaix ◽  
A. Loireau ◽  
D. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation services (WSS) and for adapting water utility practice to real conditions. In this context, the Vida no Vale (Life in the Valley) project is aimed at bringing universal access to WSS for all inhabitants of both urban and rural areas, in the north-eastern area of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. The project takes sustainable development as its guiding principle, and relies on the joint implementation of an innovative technical design, a governance model involving public participation and subsidiarity, and an economic structure combining financial viability and social equity. Designed at a consistent geographical and hydrological scale, it includes the creation of a regional subsidiary of the existing state water company as a keystone element. The institutional organisation also relies on the creation of a public board consisting of the 92 municipalities of the project region and of the State of Minas Gerais. This board will be in charge of the system's governance. The paper will present the first step of the project (2006), consisting of a feasibility study and the implementation of 9 pilot sub-projects. During the feasibility study, the supply, demand and capacity to pay for water services were defined, existing infrastructure appraised, the necessary amount of investment assessed and an innovative operational model and a sustainable management system, including civil society participation, defined. The main features of the Vida no Vale project have been tested in 9 pilot sub-projects, and implemented in municipalities chosen for their low Human Development Index and for the lack of WSS, in both urban and rural areas. A second phase corresponding to the project's final implementation will run from 2007 to 2011. The ongoing successful accomplishment of the Vida no Vale project would make it an exemplary and replicable model for other poor regions.

scholarly journals Further Studies of the Effects of Smoke from Towns upon Vegetation in the Surrounding Areas

1914 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Crowther ◽  
Dan. W. Steuart
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Northerly Direction ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

In two previous communications a summary has been given of the results obtained in determinations of the relative degree of atmospheric pollution, firstly in various parts of the city of Leeds, and secondly in the surrounding semi-urban and rural areas, to a distance in some directions of seven miles from the centre of the city. The results obtained in the latter series indicated clearly the presence of extensive atmospheric pollution, showing the characteristics of coal smoke, in all parts of the area investigated. The degree of pollution was found to fall rapidly on passing in a northerly direction from the centre of the city into an area free from smoke-producing industries, but less rapidly on passing into similar areas to the north-east and east of the city, owing to the greater dispersion of the city smoke in these directions by the prevailing winds. On the opposite side of the city, from north-west round by south to south-east, smoke pollution was found to be very high in all quarters.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Regional Inequalities in Ghana: Assessing Disparities in the Distribution of Basic Infrastructure Among Northern and Southern Districts

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Akrofi ◽  
Benard A. A. Akanbang ◽  
Clement K. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Regional Inequalities ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
North And South ◽  
Southern Ghana

Researches on regional inequalities in Ghana have largely focused on principal cities and towns as well as urban and rural areas. Based on the traditional north-south divide in Ghana, this study explored a third dimension of regional disparities, by assessing the level of infrastructural inequalities among districts in northern and southern Ghana. The study is based on a documentary review of existing statistics on the availability of basic infrastructure in the selected districts. Twelve districts (2 each from 3 regions in the north and south respectively) were involved. The Composite Infrastructure Index (CII) method, Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient techniques were employed. Results showed that, the distribution of basic infrastructure among all twelve districts was skewed towards perfect equality (Gini coefficient= 0.20). Inequalities were however more significant among districts of the north (Gini coefficient= 0.22) than districts of the south (Gini coefficient= 0.12). Albeit positive, no significant correlation was found between CIIs and population (P< .001) as well as Internally Generated Funds (P< .001) of the districts. The study also revealed that, on the average, districts allocated 97.1% of their Internally Generated Funds to administrative costs rather than infrastructure projects.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional Parameters of Adolescents Living in Urban and Rural Areas of Northern Krasnoyarsk Krai

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Artysh Kuzhuget ◽  
◽  
Irina Trusey ◽  
Vladimir Kirko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
The North ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Quetelet Index

This paper analyses the morphofunctional parameters of 14–16-year-old adolescents living in urban (Lesosibirsk) and rural (Bor) areas in the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Based on the Quetelet index, boys and girls were divided into overweight (3.1 and 5.1 % respectively) and underweight (5.1 and 37.5 % respectively). Thus, the largest proportion of adolescents with a body weight deficit was recorded among boys (37.5 %). Reserve fat below the norm (< 11 %) was identified in 41 % of boy from Lesosibirsk and 80 % of boys from Bor. Moreover, in 9 % of the boys this parameter was critically low (3–4 %), which indicates dystrophy. The somatotype analysis revealed a weak development of the endomorphic component in all the groups under study, with the exception of girls from Lesosibirsk. Especially low values of this indicator were identified among boys from Bor (1.4 ± 0.2 points). All the subjects showed a decrease in respiratory parameters, namely, vital capacity was lower than the norm (р < 0.05) in girls by 0.9–1.1 litres and in boys by 0.5–0.7 litres. In general, vital capacity and peak expiratory flow were lower in adolescents from urban areas than in those from rural areas. The share of adolescents with an increased heart rate (> 90 beats/min) was largest among girls from Lesosibirsk (38 %); this group also had the biggest share of subjects with high Baevsky Stress Index (45 %). The share of subjects with high Baevsky Stress Index among boys varied in the range of 23.5–26.6 % and in girls, of 38.9–45.0 %. On the whole, the analysis of variational pulsometry parameters demonstrated a balance of the autonomic nervous system in heart regulation in 47.1–73.3 % of the subjects.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247763
Author(s):  
Deise I. Galan ◽  
Amira A. Roess ◽  
Simone Valéria Costa Pereira ◽  
Maria Cristina Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Methods/results A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000–2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran’s I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices. Conclusions This study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document