Living snow fences show potential for large storage capacity and reduced drift length shortly after planting

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Heavey ◽  
Timothy A. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Snow Fences

scholarly journals Snow-Collection Mechanisms and the Capacities of Snow Fences

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Sheltering Effect ◽  
Threshold Wind Speed

The shapes of equilibrium lee drifts formed by snow fences are scaled in proportion to height of snow fences independent of the snow and weather conditions, even in small-scale models, but those of up-wind drifts are not. Field studies have been made of the snow-collection mechanisms of a snow fence. It has been observed that particles of saltated snow piled up to windward, and that it was the previously suspended particles that were heaped up in the lee drift. It can be shown that the shapes of up-wind drifts vary in different snow and weather conditions because threshold shear stress and drift-snow saltation depend on the physical properties of the surface snow. Equilibrium lee drifts are scaled in proportion to fence height, because snow and weather conditions have less effect on threshold wind speed for suspension, and the sheltering effect of a fence is scaled in proportion to the height of the fence. The dimensions of the equilibrium drifts at snow fences were measured, and maximum snow-retention capacity and lee-drift length presented as a function of fence height, fence density, and depth of snow cover.

scholarly journals Design Criteria and Location of Snow Fences

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
Harald Norem
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Snow Model ◽  
Snow Fences

The paper describes experience gained in Norway regarding the design criteria and use in practice of snow fences. The paper is based on theoretical studies on drifting snow, model experiments and experience accumulated through practical consulting work.Snow fence design is a compromise between the storage capacity and minimization of dimensioning forces. Design considerations include fence height H, total snow fence density, and the gap between ground and fence. A gap of 0.15H - 0.2H and a total density of 45% are usually recommended. On ridge crests the gap can be reduced to 0.1H and in areas where snow depths exceed 2.0 m, it can be increased to 0.3H. In such cases the fence density should be varied such that the total density, including the gap, will remain near 45%. The height of the snow fences should be kept within 3.5 -4.5 m and the snow fences should be erected on the windward side of obstacles that create snowdrifts. The minimum distance from fence to road should not be less than 15H; in certain circumstances in coastal climate, this can be reduced to 10H.

Establishment and potential snow storage capacity of willow (Salix spp.) living snow fences in south-central Minnesota, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Ogdahl ◽  
Diomy S. Zamora ◽  
Gregg Johnson ◽  
Gary Wyatt ◽  
Dean Current ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
South Central ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Salix Spp

scholarly journals Design Criteria and Location of Snow Fences

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Norem
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Snow Model ◽  
Snow Fences

The paper describes experience gained in Norway regarding the design criteria and use in practice of snow fences. The paper is based on theoretical studies on drifting snow, model experiments and experience accumulated through practical consulting work. Snow fence design is a compromise between the storage capacity and minimization of dimensioning forces. Design considerations include fence height H, total snow fence density, and the gap between ground and fence. A gap of 0.15H - 0.2H and a total density of 45% are usually recommended. On ridge crests the gap can be reduced to 0.1H and in areas where snow depths exceed 2.0 m, it can be increased to 0.3H. In such cases the fence density should be varied such that the total density, including the gap, will remain near 45%. The height of the snow fences should be kept within 3.5 -4.5 m and the snow fences should be erected on the windward side of obstacles that create snowdrifts. The minimum distance from fence to road should not be less than 15H; in certain circumstances in coastal climate, this can be reduced to 10H.

scholarly journals Living snow fences for protection of roads: case study crest Čestobrodica

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Mladen Marković ◽  
Sara Lukić ◽  
Aleksandar Baumgertel ◽  
Marko Maslaković
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Downwind Side ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Snow Fences

Snowdrifts caused by wind gusts reduce visibility on the road which endangers traffic safety, increases travel time and road maintenance costs. Based on previous experience and research it has been proven that living snow fence is an economical, ecological and efficient solution for protection of roads from snowdrifts. Living snow fences with their above-ground part, reduce the wind speed, act as a mechanical barrier for the snow and accumulate a certain amount of snow. This study presented use and efficiency of living snow fence in controlling snowdrifts on the road section Paraćin-Zaječar, locality – crest Čestobrodica. Analysis of environmental conditions, which are resented main endangering factor for snowdrifts, included the determination of indicators of possibility of snowdrifts: snowfall water equivalent (Swe), snow transport (Q) and ability of living snow fence to prevent snowdrifts: snow storage capacity of the fance (Qc). Snow storage capacity for living snow fence is analyzed for ten year period. Using equation for estimation of length of snowdrifts on downwind side of fance, a change in length of snowdrifts during the analyzed period are determin, and the efficiency of living snow fence in protection of the road from snowdrifts with increasing age.The results of this study represent a contribution to using living snow fence in solving the problem of roads protection from snowdrifts and increasing traffic safety during winter conditions.

scholarly journals Snow-Collection Mechanisms and the Capacities of Snow Fences

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Masao Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Sheltering Effect ◽  
Threshold Wind Speed

The shapes of equilibrium lee drifts formed by snow fences are scaled in proportion to height of snow fences independent of the snow and weather conditions, even in small-scale models, but those of up-wind drifts are not.Field studies have been made of the snow-collection mechanisms of a snow fence. It has been observed that particles of saltated snow piled up to windward, and that it was the previously suspended particles that were heaped up in the lee drift. It can be shown that the shapes of up-wind drifts vary in different snow and weather conditions because threshold shear stress and drift-snow saltation depend on the physical properties of the surface snow.Equilibrium lee drifts are scaled in proportion to fence height, because snow and weather conditions have less effect on threshold wind speed for suspension, and the sheltering effect of a fence is scaled in proportion to the height of the fence.The dimensions of the equilibrium drifts at snow fences were measured, and maximum snow-retention capacity and lee-drift length presented as a function of fence height, fence density, and depth of snow cover.

The B.A.M. Storage Capacity

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Englisch ◽  
V. Mastropietro ◽  
B. Tirozzi
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity

Simulation of the internal temperature in the Passol Laboratory, University of Debrecen

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Csáky ◽  
F. Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Structure ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Abstract Nowadays the facades of newly built buildings have significant glazed surfaces. The solar gains in these buildings can produce discomfort caused by direct solar radiation on the one hand and by the higher indoor air temperature on the other hand. The amplitude of the indoor air temperature variation depends on the glazed area, orientation of the facade and heat storage capacity of the building. This paper presents the results of a simulation, which were made in the Passol Laboratory of University of Debrecen in order to define the internal temperature variation. The simulation proved that the highest amplitudes of the internal temperature are obtained for East orientation of the facade. The upper acceptable limit of the internal air temperature is exceeded for each analyzed orientation: North, South, East, West. Comparing different building structures, according to the obtained results, in case of the heavy structure more cooling hours are obtained, but the energy consumption for cooling is lower.

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