Baseline Neurocognitive Functioning Predicts Viral Load Suppression at 1-Year Follow-Up Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Infected Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 3209-3213
Author(s):  
Lokesh Shahani ◽  
Lucrecia Salazar ◽  
Steven P. Woods ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Viral Load Suppression

scholarly journals Short-term effectiveness of HIV care coordination among persons with recent HIV diagnosis or history of poor HIV outcomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nash ◽  
McKaylee M. Robertson ◽  
Kate Penrose ◽  
Stephanie Chamberlin ◽  
Rebekkah S. Robbins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
York City ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe New York City HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP) combines multiple evidence-based strategies to support persons living with HIV (PLWH) at risk for, or with a recent history of, poor HIV outcomes. We assessed the comparative effectiveness of the CCP by merging programmatic data on CCP clients with population-based surveillance data on all New York City PLWH. A non-CCP comparison group of similar PLWH who met CCP eligibility criteria was identified using surveillance data. The CCP and non-CCP groups were matched on propensity for CCP enrollment within four baseline treatment status groups (newly diagnosed or previously diagnosed and either consistently unsuppressed, inconsistently suppressed or consistently suppressed). We compared CCP to non-CCP proportions with viral load suppression at 12-month follow-up. Among the 13,624 persons included, 15·3% were newly diagnosed; among the 84·7% previously diagnosed, 14·2% were consistently suppressed, 28·9% were inconsistently suppressed, and 41 ·6% were consistently unsuppressed in the year prior to baseline. At 12-month follow-up, 59·9% of CCP and 53·9% of non-CCP participants had viral load suppression (Relative Risk=1.11, 95%CI:1.08-1.14). Among those newly diagnosed and those consistently unsuppressed at baseline, the relative risk of viral load suppression in the CCP versus non-CCP participants was 1.15 (95%CI:1.09-1.23) and 1.32 (95%CI:1.23-1.42), respectively. CCP exposure shows benefits over no CCP exposure for persons newly diagnosed or consistently unsuppressed, but not for persons suppressed in the year prior to baseline. We recommend more targeted case finding for CCP enrollment and increased attention to viral load suppression maintenance.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of atazanavir in hair among adolescents on antiretroviral treatment in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Ngara ◽  
Simbarashe Zvada ◽  
Tariro Dianah Chawana ◽  
Charles Fungai Brian Nhachi ◽  
Simbarashe Rusakaniko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modelling ◽  
Pkpd Model ◽  
Drug Potency ◽  
Adherence Monitoring

Abstract Background Drug potency is a pharmacological parameter defining dose or concentration of drug required to obtain 50% of the drug’s maximal effect. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation allows estimation of potency and evaluate strategies improving treatment outcome. The objective of our study is to determine potency of atazanavir in hair, defined as atazanavir level in hair associated with 50% probability of failing to achieve viral load below 1000 copies/ml among adolescents, and explore the effect of participant specific variables on potency. Methods A secondary analysis was performed on data from a previous study conducted in HIV-infected adolescents failing 2nd line ART from Harare central hospital, Zimbabwe, between 2015 and 2016. We simulated atazanavir concentrations in hair using NONMEM (version 7.3) ADVAN 13, based on a previously established pharmacokinetic model. Logistic regression methods were used for PKPD analysis. Simulations utilising PKPD model focused on estimation of potency and exploring the effect of covariates. Results The potency of atazanavir in hair was found to be 4.5 ng/mg hair before adjusting for covariate effects. Participants at three months follow-up, reporting adequate adherence, having normal BMI-for-age, and cared for by mature guardians had increased potency of atazanavir in hair of 2.6 ng/mg, however the follow-up event was the only statistically significant factor at 5% level. Conclusion Atazanavir in hair in the range 2.6 to 4.5 ng/mg is associated with above 50% probability of early viral load suppression. Adherence monitoring to adolescents with lower potency of atazanavir is recommended. The effect self-reported adherence level, BMI-for-age, and caregiver status require further evaluation.

scholarly journals Treatment as prevention in resource-limited settings: is it feasible to maintain HIV viral load suppression over time?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (08) ◽  
pp. 593-599
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Socías ◽  
Flavio Rotryng ◽  
Pablo Lapadula ◽  
Maira Medrano ◽  
Daniela Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Recently, there has been increasing interest in the role of “treatment as prevention” (TasP). Some of the questions regarding TasP strategies arise from the perceived difficulties in achieving and maintaining viral load (VL) suppression over time and the risk of emergence of viral resistance that could compromise future treatment options. This study was conducted to assess these questions in a resource-limited setting. Methodology: We performed a retrospective observational study of HIV-infected patients diagnosed in the pre-HAART era on follow-up at a private center from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from clinical charts. Analyses were performed to test for potential associations of selected variables with current virologic failure or use of third-line drugs. Results: Of 619 patients on follow-up, 82 (13.2%) were diagnosed in the pre-HAART era. At the time of our study, 79 (96.3%) patients were on HAART, with a median duration of 14 years (IQR 12–15) of therapy, and exposure to mono or dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors regimens in 47.8% of cases. Sixty-nine patients (87.3%) had undetectable VL, 37 (46.8%) never presented virologic failure, and 19 (24.1%) experienced only one failure. Thirteen patients (16.5%) were receiving third-line ART regimens, with an average of 2.7-fold more virologic failures than those on first- or second-line regimens (p = 0.007). Conclusions:  Maintaining viral load suppression over time in resource-limited-settings is feasible.

scholarly journals “Facilitating HIV status adjustment: Qualitative insights from the Tambua Mapema proof-of-concept study in Kenya”

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261255
Author(s):  
Elise M. van der Elst ◽  
Mitchelle Abuna ◽  
Clara Agutu ◽  
Fred Ogada ◽  
Aisha Galole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Over Time

Systematic efforts are needed to prepare persons newly diagnosed with acute or chronic HIV infection to cope. We examined how patients dealt with this news, looking at how readiness to accept an HIV diagnosis impacted treatment outcomes, prevention of transmission, and HIV status disclosure. We examined vulnerability and agency over time and considered implications for policy and practice. A qualitative sub-study was embedded in the Tambua Mapema (“Discover Early”) Plus (TMP) study (NCT03508908), conducted in coastal Kenya between 2017 and 2020, which was a stepped wedge trial to evaluate an opt-out HIV-1 nucleic acid testing intervention diagnosing acute and chronic HIV infections. Diagnosed participants were offered antiretroviral therapy (ART), viral load monitoring, HIV partner notification services, and provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to their uninfected partners. Data were analyzed using thematic approaches. Participants included 24 individuals who completed interviews at four time points (2 weeks and 3, 6, and 9 months after diagnosis), including 18 patients (11 women and 7 men) and 6 partners (1 woman, 5 men, of whom 4 men started PrEP). Acceptance of HIV status was often a long, individualized, and complex process, whereby participants’ coping strategies affected day-to-day issues and health over time. Relationship status strongly impacted coping. In some instances, couples supported each other, but in others, couples separated. Four main themes impacted participants’ sense of agency: acceptance of diagnosis and commitment to ART; positive feedback after attaining viral load suppression; recognition of partner supportive role and focus on sustained healthcare support whereby religious meaning was often key to successful transition. To support patients with acute or newly diagnosed chronic HIV, healthcare and social systems must be more responsive to the needs of the individual, while also improving quality of care, strengthening continuity of care across facilities, and promoting community support.

scholarly journals Timeliness of antiretroviral therapy initiation in the era before universal treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Bogdanić ◽  
Liam Bendig ◽  
Davorka Lukas ◽  
Šime Zekan ◽  
Josip Begovac
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

AbstractWe assessed the prevalence and factors related to the time to antiretroviral (ART) initiation among persons who entered HIV care and subsequently started ART in Croatia from 2005 to 2014. Included were patients ≥ 18 years, the follow-up ended on Dec/31/2017. 628 patients were included into the study 91.9% were men; median age was 36.1 (Q1–Q3: 29.6–43.8) years. Rapid (within 7 days of diagnosis) ART initiation was observed in 21.8% patients, 49.8% initiated ART within 30 days, 21.7% and 28.5% had intermediate (31 days–1 year) and late initiation (> 1 year), respectively. Of 608 patients that achieved an undetectable viral load, 94% had a plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/ml at last measurement after a median follow-up of 5.2 years. On quantile regression analysis, calendar year of entry into care, and markers of more advanced HIV disease (higher viral load, lower CD4 cell count and clinical AIDS) were significantly associated with earlier ART initiation. Early ART was not related to a gap in care afterwards at all quantiles. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients started ART early in Croatia in 2005–2014. Early ART initiation led to durable viral load suppression and was not associated with a subsequent gap in care.

scholarly journals Darunavir and Dolutegravir Combination Therapy in ART experienced HIV-infected Patients: A Preliminary Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S431-S431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stang ◽  
Tracy Perry ◽  
Nada Fadul
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Regimen Change ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Patients with HIV may require change in therapy for simplification, salvage, or to avoid side effects. There is limited data on the use of dolutegravir (DTG) and ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted darunvair (DRV) combination therapy alone or with additional active agents in patients with HIV. The objectives of this study were to describe the current use and indications of DTG/DRV combination and to evaluate its effectiveness on viral load suppression (VLS). Methods A retrospective chart review of HIV-infected patients, 18 years or older, seen at our clinic between August 2013 and December 2015 who were on DRV/DTG combination alone or with additional active agents was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information was collected. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results Eighty-seven patients were included in the study: 64 (74%) on DRV/DTG alone and 23 (26%) on DRV/DTG plus additional agents. Mean age was 49.3 (18–79); 29 (33.3%) were female; and 77 (89%) were black. Coronary artery disease (CAD) or CAD equivalent was present in 27 (31%), chronic kidney disease in 24 (28%), and chronic hepatitis B infection in 3 (3%) patients. The majority 86 (99%) of patients were treatment experienced; 60 (69%) had been treated with 3 or more antiretroviral drug classes; 57 (66%) were integrase experienced, including 6 (6.9%) with baseline integrase resistance. Baseline HIV viral load was &gt;200 copies/mL in 41 (47%); and CD4 count was &lt;200 in 29 (33%) patients. Reason for switch was reported as salvage in 42 patients (48%) simplification in 33 patients (38%), renal impairment in 11 patients (13%), and other in 6 patients (7%). VLS was achieved or maintained in 40 of 46 patients (87%) who presented for follow up at 6–8 weeks, 25 of 28 (89%) at 3–4 months, 35 of 41 (85%) at 5–6 months, and 55 of 61 (90%) at 7–12 months after starting therapy. Six patients were later switched off of DRV/DTG to another combination, of whom only two required switch due to intolerance (rash in 1 and large pill size in 1). Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that darunavir/dolutegravir combination is a viable switch option in HIV patients with the majority of patients achieving or maintaining VLS at 1 year of follow up and only 2 patients required a regimen change due to intolerance. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Viral load care of HIV-1 infected children and adolescents: A longitudinal study in rural Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245085
Author(s):  
Tichaona Mapangisana ◽  
Rhoderick Machekano ◽  
Vinie Kouamou ◽  
Caroline Maposhere ◽  
Kathy McCarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Viral Load Testing

Introduction Maintaining virologic suppression of children and adolescents on ART in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa is challenging. We explored switching drug regimens to protease inhibitor (PI) based treatment and reducing nevirapine and zidovudine use in a differentiated community service delivery model in rural Zimbabwe. Methods From 2016 through 2018, we followed 306 children and adolescents on ART in Hurungwe, Zimbabwe at Chidamoyo Christian Hospital, which provides compact ART regimens at 8 dispersed rural community outreach sites. Viral load testing was performed (2016) by Roche and at follow-up (2018) by a point of care viral load assay. Virologic failure was defined as viral load ≥1,000 copies/ml. A logistic regression model which included demographics, treatment regimens and caregiver’s characteristics was used to assess risks for virologic failure and loss to follow-up (LTFU). Results At baseline in 2016, 296 of 306 children and adolescents (97%) were on first-line ART, and only 10 were receiving a PI-based regimen. The median age was 12 years (IQR 8–15) and 55% were female. Two hundred and nine (68%) had viral load suppression (<1,000 copies/ml) and 97(32%) were unsuppressed (viral load ≥1000). At follow-up in 2018, 42/306 (14%) were either transferred 23 (7%) or LTFU 17 (6%) and 2 had died. In 2018, of the 264 retained in care, 107/264 (41%), had been switched to second-line, ritonavir-boosted PI with abacavir as a new nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Overall viral load suppression increased from 68% in 2016 to 81% in 2018 (P<0.001). Conclusion Viral load testing, and switching to second-line, ritonavir-boosted PI with abacavir significantly increased virologic suppression among HIV-infected children and adolescents in rural Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Predictors of Time to Viral Load Suppression of Adult PLWHIV on ART in Arba Minch General Hospital: A Follow up Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Hussen ◽  
Mohammedaman Mama ◽  
Bitew Mekonnen ◽  
Anaye Yihune ◽  
Mulugeta Shegaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard

Background: Access to antiretroviral drugs for all infected persons in need is a global health priority. The viral load and CD4 counts should be monitored regularly. The plasma viral load should be reduced by as much and for as short as possible. Identifying factors that predict time to viral load suppression of patients on antiretroviral therapy regimens is thus vital to optimizing therapeutic success. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the time to viral load suppression and identify predictors of time to viral load suppression of patients on antiretroviral therapy at Arba Minch general Hospital.Methods: This study was observational study using data abstracted from medical records, patient interviews and laboratory work-up during 6 months of follow up. The data were collected from 152 naive to anti-retro viral drug patients. The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were done to identify predictors.Result: The median survival time of viral load suppression among adult patients living with HIV was 3 months with 95% CI (2.68, 3.32). The Cox-proportional hazard analysis shows baseline CD4 count of <200cells/mm3 (AHR=0.683, CI:0.471, 0.990), baseline viral load of <10,000 copies/ml (AHR=4.135, CI:1.835, 9.317), having baseline Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (AHR=1.997, CI:1.108, 3.600), having baseline Isoniazid preventive therapy (AHR=3.085, CI:1.721, 5.529) and good adherence level to ART (AHR=2.648 ,CI: 1.202, 5.834) significantly predict the time to viral load suppression.Conclusion: Early improvement and maintenance of CD4 count and viral load to normal level should be attained through streamlining and strengthening monitoring and counseling of patients on adherence to ART, Cotrimoxazole and Isoniazid drugs. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document