A theoretical foundation for investigating the spatial economic attributes of airport-centric developments

Among the various areas of interest on the topic of airports and the geographical distribution of land use, one pertinent theme is the spatial economic analysis of airports and their environs. However, the existing literature predominantly focuses on describing the land-use composition of airport-centric developments, without unpacking the spatial economic forces at play. This gap brings to the fore the need to employ an appropriate theoretical lens to guide the spatial economic analysis of airports and their environs. The aim of this theoretical review paper is thus to identify concepts that are relevant to the analysis of airports and their environs; and to use those concepts to systematically identify the existing theory that is most suitable for investigating the spatial economic forces that drive airport-centric developments. Against the background of globalisation, we scrutinise classical location theories, regional science, growth pole theory and new economic geography against their relational interpretations of the concepts of space, proximity, firm, scale and pattern. Given that it portrays a relational perspective of the aforesaid concepts, the paper concludes that growth pole theory is suitable as the main framework for analysing airport-centric developments. It is therefore recommended that growth pole theory be empirically used to guide the analysis of airports and their environs, and subsequently be used as the basis for developing a theoretical framework tailored for airport-centric developments.

La agricultura de los Andes venezolanos: De la intensificación a la crisis, 1960-2019

The Venezuelan Andes constituted one of the poorest regions of the country during the 1950s-1960s. This region was affected by oil exploitation and rapid urbanization. However, with the introduction of irrigated horticulture at that time, the Andean production systems were radically changed with the development of crops of high commercial value. For several decades, the Venezuelan Andes were an important source of enrichment and a new growth pole for the country. From the 1990s, however, with the intensification of horticultural activities, problems began to manifest themselves in both socio-economic and environmental terms. This process was accentuated from 2013 with the economic, political and social crisis that continues to affect Venezuela. Today the country's Andean farmers face several obstacles (fuel shortages, dollarization of the economy, loss of consumer purchasing power, high input prices) that make agricultural investment particularly risky. In a context of food shortages and hyperinflation, subsistence farming is returning to the Venezuelan Andes, allowing farmers to produce enough food for themselves and their families.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens Growth Pole Ring Protein: C Terminus and Internal Apolipoprotein Homologous Domains Are Essential for Function and Subcellular Localization

ABSTRACT The Agrobacterium growth pole ring (GPR) protein forms a hexameric ring at the growth pole (GP) that is essential for polar growth. GPR is large (2,115 amino acids) and contains 1,700 amino acids of continuous α-helices. To dissect potential GPR functional domains, we created deletions of regions with similarity to human apolipoprotein A-IV (396 amino acids), itself composed of α-helical domains. We also tested deletions of the GPR C terminus. Deletions were inducibly expressed as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins and tested for merodiploid interference with wild-type (WT) GPR function, for partial function in cells lacking GPR, and for formation of paired fluorescent foci (indicative of hexameric rings) at the GP. Deletion of domains similar to human apolipoprotein A-IV in GPR caused defects in cell morphology when expressed in trans to WT GPR and provided only partial complementation to cells lacking GPR. Agrobacterium-specific domains A-IV-1 and A-IV-4 contain predicted coiled coil (CC) regions of 21 amino acids; deletion of CC regions produced severe defects in cell morphology in the interference assay. Mutants that produced the most severe effects on cell shape also failed to form paired polar foci. Modeling of A-IV-1 and A-IV-4 reveals significant similarity to the solved structure of human apolipoprotein A-IV. GPR C-terminal deletions profoundly blocked complementation. Finally, peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis is abnormally localized circumferentially in cells lacking GPR. The results support the hypothesis that GPR plays essential roles as an organizing center for membrane and PG synthesis during polar growth. IMPORTANCE Bacterial growth and division are extensively studied in model systems (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Caulobacter crescentus) that grow by dispersed insertion of new cell wall material along the length of the cell. An alternative growth mode—polar growth—is used by some Actinomycetales and Proteobacteria species. The latter phylum includes the family Rhizobiaceae, in which many species, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, exhibit polar growth. Current research aims to identify growth pole (GP) factors. The Agrobacterium growth pole ring (GPR) protein is essential for polar growth and forms a striking hexameric ring structure at the GP. GPR is long (2,115 amino acids), and little is known about regions essential for structure or function. Genetic analyses demonstrate that the C terminus of GPR, and two internal regions with homology to human apolipoproteins (that sequester lipids), are essential for GPR function and localization to the GP. We hypothesize that GPR is an organizing center for membrane and cell wall synthesis during polar growth.

Future-making in Burkina Faso: ordering and materializing temporal relations in the Bagré Growth Pole Project

Visions for the future drive current practices and shape daily lives. Recently, the future has also become a ubiquitous theme in the social sciences. Starting from the observation that the future serves as an explanation and legitimization for the doings and sayings of different groups of actors involved in the Bagré Growth Pole Project in Burkina Faso, this paper offers an analysis of two instantiations of future-making. Based on 9 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Burkina Faso, I examine how the future is addressed and made by ordering and materializing temporal relations. In the first part, I focus on how the past–present–future triad is constantly cut, the past blanked and the future prioritized. I argue that this imperative of the future serves to silence contestations and conflicts from which possibly alternative futures could be derived. In the second part, I turn to the material dimension of future-making through infrastructure construction and maintenance. Infrastructuring in Bagré permanently alters landscapes and creates “as-if” spaces, thereby producing path dependencies that will channel future possibilities of living in the area. Shedding light on how specific futures are (un)made in practice provides a lens which may inform discussions about alternative and eventually more just futures.

Identifikasi Pusat Pertumbuhan dan Analisis Interaksi Spasial Perekonomian di Provinsi Jawa Timur

East Java Province is one of the largest regions and has the second highest GDP on Java Island. However, based on the Williamson index the level of income distribution within regions districts/cities is still low. This study intent to analyze areas that become growth pole and spatial economic interactions in East Java Province in 2009 and 2018. The analyses used in this research are gravity model analysis and scalogram analysis. The results of scalogram analysis and centrality showed that in 2009 there were 3 districts/cities included in Hierarchy I, 5 districts/cities in Hierarchy II, 6 districts/cities in Hierarchy III, 9 districts/cities in Hierarchy IV, 12 districts/cities in Hierarchy V and 3 districts/cities VI. While in 2018 there were 8 districts/cities in Hierarchy I, 10 districts/cities in Hierarchy II, 11 districts/cities in Hierarchy III, 4 districts/cities in Hierarchy IV, 3 districts/cities in Hierarchy V and 2 districts/cities in Hierarchy VI. Growth pole areas within hinterland areas in 2009 to 2018 increased. From 2009 to 2018 hinterland areas that interact strongly with the city of Surabaya such as Sidoarjo Regency, Gresik Regency and Bangkalan Regency. The results imply the necessity to increase interaction or cooperation both in the economic and social between the regions which are the center of growth and the hinterland region such as in the economic sector.

Is Eurozone accumulating an historic lag toward Asia in the COVID-19 context?

The COVID-19 epidemic is affecting the global economy since early 2020. This pandemy has hit countries and shaken the global economy as it has not actually recovered from the financial crisis of the years 2008-2010. The process of economic de-globalization accelerated in recent years. It began to manifest openly with the 2008-2010 crisis. In fact, it is from this crisis that we can date a breaking point in the various statistical data. This does not mean that the tendencies towards this de-globalization did not exist before 2007. However, it took this global financial crisis, which was a crisis of globalization both in its causes and in its unfolding, for these trends to manifest themselves openly. The COVID-19 epidemic therefore broke out in a context that was then marked by fundamental changes. It has hit different countries very unevenly and will also unevenly affect post-COVID-19 recovery trajectories. The COVID-19 could then accelerate significantly trends, which were already perceptible before the pandemy. It will play the role of both revealing and accelerating changes that had been noticeable for ten years now. The shift of the world growth pole from the Atlantic zone (USA-Europe) to the Pacific zone, and more particularly Southeast Asia, seems irreversible today.

Problems of Identifying Growth Poles in the Territory of the Ural Macroregion

The practical application of the growth pole concept is one of the possible sources of accelerating economic dynamics. The purpose of the study is to identify growth poles in the Ural macroregion. The scientific article proposes to consider the theoretical basis of the growth pole concept, as well as practical application in various forms of the growth pole concept in the territory of the Russian Federation, including in the Ural macroregion. In addition, the authors will apply theoretical and empirical methods in this study. The novelty of the authors' research lies in the hypothesis on the classification of growth poles in Russian practice, in identifying the number of growth poles in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Ural macroregion. This article will be of interest to executive authorities, the scientific community, teachers and students of higher educational institutions.

A Study on “Kashgar City Circle” Industry Development in the Contest of the Silk Road Economic Belt

Kashgar City Circle is an important node of the new The Silk Road economic belt.Kashgar City Circle will serve as a new economic growth pole in the western region and will promote the rapid development of regional economy.The development of industry is an important driving force for regional economic development.This paper analyzes the four indicators of total output value, output value growth rate, employed population and labor productivity of the 18 industrial sectors of Kashgar City Circle from 2012 to 2016.Combined with the opportunities brought by the Silk Road economic belt background to the development of the Kashgar City Circle industry, this paper puts forward the current policy recommendations for the development of the Kashgar City Circle industry.

Interaksi Wilayah Pusat Pertumbuhan Melalui Pendekatan Skalogram dan Gravitasi di Wilayah Pesisir Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Regional development in Special Region of Yogyakarta is centered on its urban area, namely Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta (KPY/ Yogyakarta Urban Aglomeration Area). This has created regional disparity and other concerns regarding the environmental sustainability in KPY. The new growth center is therefore needed, especially to solve the problem of regional disparity. This research was conducted to identify the district in the south coast of DIY that has the potentiallity to be developed as the new growth center. For this purpose, this research utilizes scalogram analysis combined with the gravity model and demographic analysis. The result shows that Wates District in Kulonprogo Regency has the potentiallity to be developed as the primary growth center in the south coast of DIY. Furthermore, Kretek District in Bantul Regency has the potentiallity to be developed as the secondary growth center. Meanwhile, Saptosari District in Gunungkidul Regency has the potentiallity to be developed as the tertiary growth center. Keywords: grafity, disparity, growth pole, scalogram, regional