Genetic diversity of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (Acari: Ixodidae) in western China

Hosting unique and important plant germplasms, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), as the third pole of the world, and Xinjiang, located in the centre of the Eurasian continent, are major distribution areas of perennial Triticeae grasses, especially the widespread Elymus species. Elymus excelsus Turcz. ex Griseb, a perennial forage grass with strong tolerance to environmental stresses, such as drought, cold and soil impoverishment, can be appropriately used for grassland establishment due to its high seed production. To provide basic information for collection, breeding strategies and utilization of E. excelsus germplasm, microsatellite markers (SSR) were employed in the present study to determine the genetic variation and population structure of 25 wild accessions of E. excelsus from Xinjiang (XJC) and the QTP, including Sichuan (SCC) and Gansu (GSC) of western China. Based on the 159 polymorphic bands amplified by 35 primer pairs developed from three related species, the average values of the polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), resolving power (Rp), Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s diversity index (I) of each pair of primers were 0.289, 1.348, 1.897, 0.301 and 0.459, respectively, validating that these SSR markers can also be used for the evaluation of genetic diversity of E. excelsus germplasms, and demonstrating the superior versatility of EST-SSR vs. G-SSR. We found a relatively moderate differentiation (Fst = 0.151) among the XJC, SCC and GSC geo-groups, and it is worth noting that, the intra-group genetic diversity of the SCC group (He = 0.197) was greater than that of the GSC (He = 0.176) and XJC (He = 0.148) groups. Both the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic (UPGMA) clustering and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) divided the 25 accessions into three groups, whereas the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis suggested that E. excelsus accessions fell into four main clusters. Besides, this study suggested that geographical distance and environmental variables (annual mean precipitation and average precipitation in growing seasons), especially for QTP accessions, should be combined to explain the population genetic differentiation among the divergent geographical regions. These data provided comprehensive information about these valuable E. excelsus germplasm resources for the protection and collection of germplasms and for breeding strategies in areas of Xinjiang and QTP in western China.

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Genetic diversity patterns in an endangered desert shrub from north-western China: implications for conservation

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt18192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 571

Author(s):

Zhihao Su ◽

Liuqiang Wang ◽

Li Zhuo ◽

Xiaolong Jiang ◽

Wenjun Li

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Tarim Basin ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Western China ◽

Niche Modelling ◽

Diversity Patterns ◽

North Western

Tamarix taklamakanensis is an endangered shrub endemic to the Tarim Basin and adjacent Kumtag Desert in north-western China. Here, we used two chloroplast DNA sequences, namely, psbA-trnH and trnS-trnG, to examine the genetic diversity patterns of this species across its entire covered range. A total of nineteen haplotypes were detected. The total gene diversity within the species is high. Genetic variation mainly occurred among populations, SAMOVA groups, and geographic regions. The test for isolation-by-distance showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances, and the genetic landscape shape analysis showed a significant genetic divergence between the Tarim Basin and Kumtag Desert. T. taklamakanensis likely had a potential geographic range during the Last Glacial Maximum period that was much smaller than the present range predicted by ecological niche modelling. The cold and dry climate during the glacial periods of the Quaternary might be a driver of the genetic isolation and divergence detected within T. taklamakanensis, and climatic oscillations might account for the habitat fragmentation of the species. Within the inner of the basin, populations have a higher level of genetic diversity and harbor most of this genetic diversity, thus a nature reserves should be set up in this area for the in situ conservation. In addition, five genetically distinct groups within T. taklamakanensis should be treated as different management units (MUs) when implementing conservation activities.

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Employing Genome-Wide SNP Discovery to Characterize the Genetic Diversity in Cinnamomum camphora Using Genotyping by Sequencing

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12111511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Xue Gong ◽

Aihong Yang ◽

Zhaoxiang Wu ◽

Caihui Chen ◽

Huihu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

East Asia ◽

Japanese Population ◽

Eastern China ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Central China ◽

Western China ◽

Cinnamomum Camphora ◽

Ecological Value ◽

Genome Wide

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl is a representative tree species of evergreen broad-leafed forests in East Asia and has exceptionally high economic, ornamental, and ecological value. However, the excessive exploitation and utilization of C. camphora trees have resulted in the shrinking of wild population sizes and rare germplasm resources. In this study, we characterized 171 C. camphora trees from 39 natural populations distributed throughout the whole of China and one Japanese population. We investigated genetic diversity and population structure using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified by genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technology. The results showed the genetic diversity of the C. camphora populations from western China > central China > eastern China. Moreover, the Japanese population showed the highest diversity among all populations. The molecular variance analysis showed 92.03% of the genetic variation within populations. The average pairwise FST was 0.099, and gene flow Nm was 2.718, suggesting a low genetic differentiation among populations. Based on the genetic clustering analysis, the 40 C. camphora populations clustered into three major groups: Western China, Central China, and Eastern China + Japan. Eastern China’s population had the closest genetic relationship with the Japanese population, suggesting possible gene exchange between the two adjacent areas. This study furthers our understanding of the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C. camphora in East Asia and provides genetic tools for developing strategies of C. camphora germplasm utilization.

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AFLP-based genetic diversity of wild orchardgrass germplasm collections from Central Asia and Western China, and the relation to environmental factors

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0195273 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. e0195273 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chenglin Zhang ◽

Ming Sun ◽

Xinquan Zhang ◽

Shiyong Chen ◽

Gang Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Central Asia ◽

Western China ◽

Germplasm Collections

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Genetic diversity and relationships of 10 Chinese goat breeds in the Middle and Western China

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.01.015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 82 (2-3) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yu Qi ◽

Jun Luo ◽

XueFeng Han ◽

YanZhi Zhu ◽

Chao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Western China

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Genetic diversity of the rare Asian plant, Trigonobalanus doichangensis (Fagaceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt05113 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Weibang Sun ◽

Chunyan Han ◽

Lianming Gao ◽

Carol A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Western China ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Population Conservation ◽

The Family ◽

Geographical Distances ◽

Rare And Endangered ◽

Range Of Values

Trigonobalanus doichangensis is a national rare and endangered fagaceous plant of China. It is currently restricted to five sites, four in Yunnan province in south-western China and one in northern Thailand. We investigated the genetic diversity of T. doichangensis to provide information for the effective preservation of the genetic diversity of the species. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the genetic variation and structure in each of the five extant populations. Sixteen primers produced 157 fragments, of which 83 (53%) were polymorphic. The estimated species diversity of T. doichangensis, although lower than for most fagaceous species, was within the range of values that have been reported for the family. The presence of private and/or uncommon fragments in each population, the presence of unique phenotypes in all individuals sampled, and estimates of relatively high populational fixation and low gene flow indicated that the species diversity present was mostly distributed among the five isolated extant populations. Pairwise genetic distances between populations were not correlated with geographical distances as depicted by the resolution of one of the Chinese populations as most similar to the Thailand population. Conservation of this species should include preservation of each of the five distinct extant populations.

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Genetic diversity of the endemic gourmet mushroom Thelephora ganbajun from south-western China

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.2008/020495-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 154 (11) ◽

pp. 3460-3468 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tao Sha ◽

Jianping Xu ◽

Malliya Gounder Palanichamy ◽

Han-Bo Zhang ◽

Tao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Western China

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Genetic Diversity of Brassica juncea from Western China

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2008.00754 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 754-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ai-Xia XU

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Western China

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Population Genetics of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China Based on nad4 Gene Sequence

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10080236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Feng Hong ◽

Lizhi Gao ◽

Hong-Liang Han ◽

Pan Wang ◽

Jia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Discrete Distribution ◽

Central China ◽

Western China ◽

Species Dispersal ◽

Haplotype Networks ◽

Nad4 Gene

Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important citrus pest in Asia with a non-uniform distribution. In some locations, it had been reported to occur but was either eradicated or disappeared itself. To understand species dispersal of B. minax, we collected and analyzed 359 individuals from 18 localities in China. One mitochondrial DNA gene fragment (nad4) was used to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of B. minax. The populations were divided by phylogenetic analyses and statistical parsimony haplotype networks into three branches: a Central China (CC) branch, a Western China (WC) branch, and a Southern China (SC) branch. A total of 93 variable sites (15.6% of the 595 bp alignment) and 91 unique haplotypes were observed in the 359 individuals scored from the nad4 gene of the 18 B. minax populations. This indicated that B. minax had a high level of genetic diversity. These populations also showed a discrete distribution in both the scatter plots of genetic versus geographical distance for pairwise population comparisons and the median-joining network of haplotypes, which revealed the strong genetic structure of B. minax.

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