Effects of tank color on the growth, stress responses, and skin color of snakeskin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis)

Golgi reassembly stacking proteins (GRASPs) play important roles in Golgi structure formation, ER stress response, and unconventional secretion in eukaryotic cells. However, GRASP functions in oomycetes haven’t been adequately characterized. Here, we report the identification and functional analysis of PsGRASP, a GRASP-encoding gene from the soybean-infecting oomycete Phytophthora sojae. Transcriptional profiling showed that PsGRASP expression is up-regulated at the infection stages. PsGRASP knockout mutants were created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These mutants exhibited impaired vegetative growth, zoospore release and virulence. PsGRASP was involved ER stress responses and altered laccase activity. Our work suggests that PsGRASP is crucial for P. sojae development and pathogenicity.

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Interplay between brassinosteroids and TORC signaling in Arabidopsis revealed by integrated multi-dimensional analysis

10.1101/2021.02.12.431003 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Montes ◽

Ching-Yi Liao ◽

Trevor M Nolan ◽

Gaoyuan Song ◽

Natalie M Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Signaling Network ◽

Kinase Signaling ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Novel Proteins ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Autophagy Activity

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BR) and Target of Rapamycin Complex (TORC) are two major processes coordinating plant growth and stress responses. BRs function through a signaling pathway to extensively regulate gene expression and TORC is known to regulate translation and autophagy. Recent studies revealed that these two pathways crosstalk, but a system-wide view of their interplay is still missing. Thus, we performed transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome profiling of Arabidopsis mutants with altered levels of either BIN2 or RAPTOR1B, two key players in BR and TORC signaling, respectively. We found that perturbation of BIN2 or RAPTOR1B levels affects a common set of gene-products involved in growth and stress responses. Additionally, we performed Multiplexed Assay for Kinase Specificity (MAKS), which provided a system-wide view of direct BIN2 substrates. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data was used to reconstruct a kinase-signaling network and to identify novel proteins dependent on BR and/or TORC signaling pathways. Loss of function mutants of many of these proteins led to an altered BR response and/or modulated autophagy activity. Altogether, these results provide genome-wide evidence for crosstalk between BR and TORC signaling and established a kinase signaling network that defines the molecular mechanisms of BR and TORC interactions in the regulation of plant growth/stress balance.

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UvWHI2 is Required for Stress Response and Pathogenicity in Ustilaginonidea Virens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-101297/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Meng ◽

Jiehua Qiu ◽

Meng Xiong ◽

Zhiquan Liu ◽

Jane Sadhna Jagernath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽

General Stress Response ◽

Relative Expression Level ◽

False Smut ◽

Limited Surface

Abstract Background: Ustilaginoidea virens causes rice false smut disease, which emerges as a worldwide disease of rice. At present, some stress response related genes have been identified in U. virens , but it is not clear whether and how defects of stress responses affect the pathogenesis processes of U. virens . To answer this question, the function of a general stress response factor Whi2 was analyzed in U. virens . Results: In this study, we identified UvWhi2 as a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Whi2 in U. virens. The relative expression level of UvWhi2 was significantly up-regulated during infection, suggesting that UvWhi2 may be involved in pathogenesis. Furthermore, knockout of UvWhi2 showed decreased the mycelial growth, increased in conidiation in the PS (potato sucrose) medium and a defect in pathogenicity. In addition, the RNA-Seq and phenotypic analysis showed that UvWHI2 is involved in response to oxidative, hyperosmotic, cell wall stresses, and nutrient limitation. Further studies revealed that the defects of stress responses of the ∆ Uvwhi2 mutant affected the formation of secondary spores on the nutrient limited surface and the rice surface, resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenicity of U. virens . Conclusions: Our results suggest that UvWhi2 is necessary for fungal growth, stress responses, and the formation of secondary spores in U. virens . In addition, the defects of stress responses could affect the formation of secondary spores on the rice surface, and then compromise the pathogenicity of U. virens .

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The distinct roles of Argonaute protein 2 in the growth, stress responses and pathogenicity of the apple tree canker pathogen

Forest Pathology ◽

10.1111/efp.12354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. e12354 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Feng ◽

M. Xu ◽

Y. Liu ◽

X. Gao ◽

Z. Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Argonaute Protein ◽

Canker Pathogen

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Drosophila Corazonin Neurons as a Hub for Regulating Growth, Stress Responses, Ethanol-Related Behaviors, Copulation Persistence and Sexually Dimorphic Reward Pathways

Journal of Developmental Biology ◽

10.3390/jdb9030026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Ziam Khan ◽

Maya Tondravi ◽

Ryan Oliver ◽

Fernando J. Vonhoff

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Behavioral Decision ◽

Neuronal Mechanisms ◽

Internal States ◽

Interval Timer ◽

Neuropeptide F ◽

Reward Pathways

The neuronal mechanisms by which complex behaviors are coordinated and timed often involve neuropeptidergic regulation of stress and reward pathways. Recent studies of the neuropeptide Corazonin (Crz), a homolog of the mammalian Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), have suggested its crucial role in the regulation of growth, internal states and behavioral decision making. We focus this review on Crz neurons with the goal to (1) highlight the diverse roles of Crz neuron function, including mechanisms that may be independent of the Crz peptide, (2) emphasize current gaps in knowledge about Crz neuron functions, and (3) propose exciting ideas of novel research directions involving the use of Crz neurons. We describe the different developmental fates of distinct subsets of Crz neurons, including recent findings elucidating the molecular regulation of apoptosis. Crz regulates systemic growth, food intake, stress responses and homeostasis by interacting with the short Neuropeptide F (sNPF) and the steroid hormone ecdysone. Additionally, activation of Crz neurons is shown to be pleasurable by interacting with the Neuropeptide F (NPF) and regulates reward processes such as ejaculation and ethanol-related behaviors in a sexually dimorphic manner. Crz neurons are proposed to be a motivational switch regulating copulation duration using a CaMKII-dependent mechanism described as the first neuronal interval timer lasting longer than a few seconds. Lastly, we propose ideas to use Crz neuron-induced ejaculation to study the effects of fictive mating and sex addiction in flies, as well as to elucidate dimorphic molecular mechanisms underlying reward behaviors and feeding disorders.

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Role of RelGsu in Stress Response and Fe(III) Reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01278-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 188 (24) ◽

pp. 8469-8478 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Laurie N. DiDonato ◽

Sara A. Sullivan ◽

Barbara A. Methé ◽

Kelly P. Nevin ◽

Reg England ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽

Nitrogen Deprivation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Subsurface Environments ◽

In The Wild

ABSTRACT Geobacter species are key members of the microbial community in many subsurface environments in which dissimilatory metal reduction is an important process. The genome of Geobacter sulfurreducens contains a gene designated relGsu , which encodes a RelA homolog predicted to catalyze both the synthesis and the degradation of guanosine 3′,5′-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp), a regulatory molecule that signals slow growth in response to nutrient limitation in bacteria. To evaluate the physiological role of Rel Gsu in G. sulfurreducens, a relGsu mutant was constructed and characterized, and ppGpp levels were monitored under various conditions in both the wild-type and relGsu mutant strains. In the wild-type strain, ppGpp and ppGp were produced in response to acetate and nitrogen deprivation, whereas exposure to oxygen resulted in an accumulation of ppGpp alone. Neither ppGpp nor ppGp could be detected in the relGsu mutant. The relGsu mutant consistently grew to a higher cell density than the wild type in acetate-fumarate medium and was less tolerant of oxidative stress than the wild type. The capacity for Fe(III) reduction was substantially diminished in the mutant. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses indicated that during stationary-phase growth, protein synthesis genes were up-regulated in the relGsu mutant and genes involved in stress responses and electron transport, including several implicated in Fe(III) reduction, were down-regulated in the mutant. The results are consistent with a role for Rel Gsu in regulating growth, stress responses, and Fe(III) reduction in G. sulfurreducens under conditions likely to be prevalent in subsurface environments.

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Cross-talk between mitochondrial function and growth/stress signalling pathways in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa608 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elina Welchen ◽

M Victoria Canal ◽

Diana E Gras ◽

Daniel H Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cross Talk ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Plant Mitochondria ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Signalling Molecules ◽

Internal And External Factors

Abstract Plant mitochondria harbour complex metabolic routes that are interconnected with those of other cell compartments and changes in mitochondrial function remotely influence processes in different parts of the cell. This implies the existence of signals that convey information about mitochondrial function to the rest of the cell. Increasing evidence indicates that metabolic and redox signals are important for this process, but probably also changes in ion fluxes, protein relocalization and physical contacts with other organelles are involved. Besides possible direct effects of these signalling molecules on cellular functions, changes in mitochondrial physiology also affect the activity of different signalling pathways that modulate plant growth and stress responses. As a consequence, mitochondria influence the responses to internal and external factors that modify the activity of these pathways and associated biological processes. Acting through the activity of hormonal signalling pathways, mitochondria may also exert remote control over distant organs or plant tissues. In addition, an intimate cross-talk of mitochondria with energy signalling pathways, like those represented by Target of Rapamycin and Sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 1, can be envisaged. This review discusses available evidence on the role of mitochondria in shaping plant growth and stress responses through different signalling pathways.

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Deletion of the Transcriptional Regulator MucR in Brucella canis Affects Stress Responses and Bacterial Virulence

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.650942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiali Sun ◽

Hao Dong ◽

Xiaowei Peng ◽

Yufu Liu ◽

Hui Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mutant Strain ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Transcriptional Regulator ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Bacterial Virulence ◽

Infection Model ◽

Phenotypic Properties ◽

Bacterial Flagellum ◽

Brucella Canis

The transcriptional regulator MucR is related to normal growth, stress responses and Brucella virulence, and affects the expression of various virulence-related genes in smooth-type Brucella strains. However, the function of MucR in the rough-type Brucella canis remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that MucR protein was involved in resistance to heat stress, iron-limitation, and various antibiotics in B. canis. In addition, the expression level of various bacterial flagellum-related genes was altered in mucR mutant strain. Deletion of this transcriptional regulator in B. canis significantly affected Brucella virulence in RAW264.7 macrophage and mice infection model. To gain insight into the genetic basis for distinctive phenotypic properties exhibited by mucR mutant strain, RNA-seq was performed and the result showed that various genes involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, signal transduction mechanisms, energy production, and conversion were significantly differently expressed in ΔmucR strain. Overall, these studies have not only discovered the phenotype of mucR mutant strain but also preliminarily uncovered the molecular mechanism between the transcriptional regulator MucR, stress response and bacterial virulence in B. canis.

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