Retrotransposon Insertional Polymorphism in Iranian Bread Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines Revealed by IRAP and REMAP Markers

AbstractStripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia and worldwide. To identify resistance genes, 90 bread wheat lines and 10 cultivars were tested at the seedling stage against one Pst race from Ethiopia and six races from China as well as evaluated for the stripe rust response in an inoculated field nursery at Yangling, Shaanxi province and in a naturally infected field in Jiangyou, Sichuan, China. Resistance genes were postulated using molecular assays for Yr9, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr36, Yr44 and Yr62. Of the 100 entries tested, 16 had all stage resistance to all races. Molecular markers were positive for Yr9 in five genotypes, Yr17 in 21 genotypes, Yr18 in 27 genotypes, Yr26 in ten genotypes, Yr29 in 22 genotypes, Yr36 in 12 genotypes, Yr44 in 30 genotypes, and Yr62 in 51 genotypes. No line had Yr5, Yr8, Yr10 or Yr15. Complete or all stage resistance was observed in genotypes carrying gene combinations Yr9 + Yr18 + Yr44 + Yr62, Yr29 + Yr62 + Yr26 and Yr9 + Yr17 + Yr26 + Yr44 + Yr62. The results are helpful for developing wheat cultivars with effective and more durable resistance to stripe rust both in China and Ethiopia.

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Initial developmental rate delay in modern highly productive cultivars of winter bread wheat from West Europe

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v29.1417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

A. F. Stelmakh ◽

N.A. Litvinenko ◽

V.I. Fait

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Developmental Rate ◽

Vernalization Requirement ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Adaptive Value ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Physiological Reactions

Aim. To evaluate the vernalization requirement duration and sensitivity to photoperiod in the set of modern high yielding winter bread wheat cultivars from West Europe which are proposed for production in Ukraine. Methods. Planting in natural and shortened photoperiods followed by artificial vernalizing variants of 5-days green seedlings have been used for heading dates registration. Results. Many foreign cultivars revealed the durable vernalization requirement and strong photosensitivity. Few stocks were characterized by the week analogous physiological reactions, which are typical in most modern Ukrainian cultivars and breeding lines. Conclusions. Reveled data confirmed the adaptive value of discussed properties for specific environment which are similar to Ukrainian one in many zones of winter wheat cultivation. And they refute the assertion that strong photosensitivity and durable vernalization requirement limit the improvement of yield potential by selection. Keywords: winter bread wheat, vernalization requirement, photosensitivity, modern cultivars from West Europe.

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Nitrogen Metabolism and Yellowberry of Two Bread Wheat Cultivars 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183x002300010007x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 20-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James F. Henson ◽

J. Giles Waines

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Responses of Some Turkish Wheat Cultivars to Vernalization and Photoperiod

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700015982 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 237-245

Author(s):

Serpil Terzioğlu

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Normal Development ◽

Photoperiodic Response ◽

Reliable Information ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Primary Shoot ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Short Days

SUMMARYThe vernalization and photoperiodic response of six locally adapted bread wheat cultivars grown under natural daylength conditions during the summer or winter months was examined in glasshouse experiments. The wheat was vernalized by chilling imbibed grains at 2 ± 1°C for 0, 15 or 45 days. Vernalization for 45 days followed by long summer days led to floral initiation in all cultivars within 28 days but vernalization for 0 or 15 days only led to floral initiation in one cultivar. Vernalization followed by long days reduced the time from transplanting to anthesis, resulting in early ear emergence. Vernalization followed by short days accelerated the development of all the cultivars, but normal development could also occur without vernalization at this time of year. Apical differentiation of the primary shoot and its length and development gave the most reliable information on the period of vernalization required.

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Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-12-0138-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 387-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohsen Mohammadi ◽

Davoud Torkamaneh ◽

Mehran Patpour

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Puccinia Graminis ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Wheat Germplasm ◽

Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽

Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

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