Food habits of European rabbit and its role as seed dispersal of two Mosqueta roses: Facilitation among non-native species in a semiarid protected area of Argentina?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1565-1571
Author(s):  
S. Yasmin Bobadilla ◽  
A. Marchetta ◽  
M. A. Dacar ◽  
R. A. Ojeda ◽  
M. F. Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Native Species ◽  
European Rabbit

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

scholarly journals Protected Areas and Endemic Freshwater Fishes of the Cape Fold Ecoregion: Missing the Boat for Fish Conservation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine S. Jordaan ◽  
Albert Chakona ◽  
Dewidine van der Colff
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Conservation Targets ◽  
Riverine Systems

Freshwater systems and their associated biodiversity are among the most threatened ecosystems globally. The greatest threats to freshwater fishes are the introduction and spread of non-native species, pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and overexploitation. While many regions across the world contain extensive networks of protected areas, these are largely ineffective for protecting riverine systems and their biodiversity. This is because they were designed with the aim of prioritising conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, with limited or no consideration for aquatic systems. The Cape Fold Ecoregion, located within the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, is home to the highest percentage of threatened freshwater fishes in the country. The region has an extensive protected area network that protects a wide array of ecosystems, but limited information exists on the role of protected areas in conserving the endemic freshwater fish fauna of this region. This study evaluated the value of protected areas for protection of freshwater fishes in the Western Cape Province by setting species conservation targets and then intersecting species distribution data with protected area polygons. Conservation targets were set to protect the minimum viable population required for long-term persistence, with a minimum of 10 subpopulations as a target. This, along with other factors such as population viability and protected area effectiveness was used to determine whether a species was effectively protected by the current protected area network. Species were classified into one of four categories; (1) “well protected,” (2) “moderately protected,” (3) “poorly protected,” and (4) “not protected.” Our results indicate that the majority of native fishes are inadequately protected within the current protected area network in the province. This is mainly a result of the linear nature of riverine ecosystems that exposes them to impacts and threats that emanate from outside of the protected area. These limitations are not unique to the CFE, and our findings have broader implications as they highlight the need for integrating both the riverine and terrestrial ecosystems in the design, expansion and management of protected areas. This will enhance and maximise conservation and protection of riverine systems and their unique biodiversity.

scholarly journals Assessing the effectiveness of Madagascar’s changing protected areas system: a case study of threatened Boraginales

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Miller ◽  
Holly A. Porter Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
System A ◽  
Red List Categories

AbstractThreat analyses of the Boraginales were conducted and used to assess the effectiveness of Madagascar’s current and proposed protected area systems in conserving the threatened species of a group of plants widespread in Madagascar. Specimen locality data for 52 species of four families of Boraginales were analysed to provisionally assign species to IUCN Red List categories. Six species were excluded from these global analyses as they are non-native and introduced. IUCN’s criterion B, analysis of geographical range, was found to be the most reliable means of estimating threat, and predicted future decline was found to overestimate threat. Twenty-six of the 46 native species of Boraginales were found to be threatened. Sixty-five percent of these have portions of their ranges in the 2002 protected areas system. When the protected areas system was expanded in 2006 the percentage of species with some protected populations increased to 78%. More than 93% would be protected if a series of proposed priority areas for plant conservation were protected. The implications of these analyses for the conservation of plant species in Madagascar are discussed.

scholarly journals Biodiverse neighborhoods: an ex-situ conservation tool

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho ◽  
Fernanda Moura Fonseca Lucas ◽  
Débora de Melo Almeida ◽  
Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Dayane de Melo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
H Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

Introgressive hybridization between the endangered native Bombina pachypus and the introduced B. variegata in a protected area in central Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Talarico ◽  
Marco Ciambotta ◽  
Andrea Tiberi ◽  
Marco Mattoccia
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Amphibian Conservation ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

Abstract Amphibians are experiencing an ascertained global decline, which causes include the introduction of alien species and the (anthropogenic) hybridization between native and exotic taxa. Detecting introductions and assessing their impact on populations of native species is crucial for amphibian conservation. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to reveal introgressive hybridization between the native Bombina pachypus and the exotic B. variegata (probably introduced from Albania) in a population from a protected area of central Italy. Almost all genotyped individuals were genetically admixed, showing a larger proportion of the allochthonous genome. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of successful hybridization between the two species (we found both putative F1 and backcrosses), hence representing a new threat to the conservation of the endangered, Italian-endemic B. pachypus.

Nesting biology and food habits of the endangered Sakalava Rail Amaurornis olivieri in the Mandrozo Protected Area, western Madagascar

Ostrich ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Yverlin Z Pruvot ◽  
Lily-Arison René de Roland ◽  
Gilbert Razafimanjato ◽  
Marius PH Rakotondratsima ◽  
Aristide Andrianarimisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Nesting Biology

scholarly journals Changes in the vascular flora of a postflotation zinc–lead ore spoil heap of the “Orzeł Biały” mining and smelting works in Bytom (Silesian Upland) after 15 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hanczaruk ◽  
Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Spoil Heap ◽  
Mining And Smelting

A study on vascular flora of a Zn–Pb ore spoil heap of the “Orzeł Biały” mining and smelting works in Bytom, Poland, was carried out in the 2017–2018 growing seasons. The aim of this study was to: (i) present the characteristics of current vascular flora that colonizes the Zn–Pb heap, (ii) describe its dynamic tendencies and directions of changes after 15 years, and (iii) identify species that can be useful for planting as a part of biological reclamation. Ninety-two mostly native species of vascular plants, belonging to 36 families and 77 genera, were found on the examined heap. In the spectrum of life forms, hemicryptophytes prevailed over therophytes and geophytes. The most numerous ecological groups were ruderal and meadow species. As regards life strategies, highly competitive species and taxa with mixed CSR strategies dominated. The basic mode of seed dispersal was anemochory. In terms of habitat preferences, species associated with moderately light, warm, fresh, neutral, and medium fertility soil dominated in the species composition of the studied flora. In 2017–2018 compared to the 2002 growing season, statistically significant differences were found in the origin, life forms, ecological groups, life strategies, mode of seed dispersal of species and their habitat preferences relative to light, temperature, pH, and productivity. Frequently recorded pseudometallophytes (<em>Agrostis capillaris</em>, <em>Cardaminopsis arenosa</em>, <em>Daucus carota</em>, <em>Deschampsia caespitosa</em>, <em>Leontodon hispidus</em>, <em>Plantago lanceolata</em>, <em>Silene vulgaris</em>, <em>Rumex acetosa</em>) can be used for planting as part of biological reclamation of the area.

scholarly journals Food habits of the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 17827-17831
Author(s):  
Palassery Suresh Aravind ◽  
George Joe ◽  
Ponnu Dhanesh ◽  
Rajamani Nandini
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Western Ghats

We report the first observations of feeding behaviour of the Dusky-striped Squirrel Funambulus sublineatus in the Western Ghats.  It was observed feeding on eight plant species, including four non-native species.  Feeding was observed in forests as well as in plantations and agricultural habitats, indicating the urgent need for studies in such human-modified landscapes.

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