Biodiverse neighborhoods: an ex-situ conservation tool

Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

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Ex Situ Conservation of Rare Medicinal Plants in the Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis ◽

10.2478/ahbb-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Nina Ciocârlan

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Field Collection ◽

Ecological Flexibility ◽

Cultivation Techniques ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This work refers to the native species of genus Astragalus L. (A. dasyanthus, A. ponticus), Adonis L. (A. vernalis, A. wolgensis) and Digitalis L. (D. lanata, D. grandiflora). The plants are cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Moldova in the field collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Investigation includes propagation aspects, research into cultivation techniques and conservation measures. The biological particularities and the phenologic rhythm are also registered. The obtained data shows the ecological flexibility of species and the possibility of preserving them in culture.

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Thrips species associated with varieties of the native cerrado fruit tree Hancornia speciosa

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452019053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Ferreira Silva ◽

Jaqueline Magalhães Pereira ◽

Charlles Brandão Silva Rocha ◽

André Júnio Andrade Peres ◽

Élison Fabrício Bezerra Lima

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Ex Situ ◽

High Abundance ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Thrips Species ◽

The Family ◽

Hancornia Speciosa ◽

First Time

Abstract Studies of insects associated with the fruit tree Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), a native of the Brazilian Cerrado popularly known as “mangabeira”, are generally restricted to reports from seedling nurseries. Thrips predominate among insects that attack this crop. This study investigated the species of Thysanoptera that use this native fruit as a host, and which variety they prefer. The H. speciosa varieties speciosa s.str., cuyabensis, gardneri and pubescens were obtained from the collections of the ex-situ germplasm bank of native species at the Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil. Evaluations were conducted from January through December 2016. A total of 1679 individual thrips were identified. Thrips were most abundant on pubescens (79.08%), followed by gardneri (15.02%), cuyabensis (4.71%), and speciosa (1.19%). Representatives of the family Thripidae predominated in all collections, especially Coremothrips nubiculus and Heliothrips longisensibilis. The foliar trichomes present in var. pubescens may account for the high abundance of thrips on this variety. Heliothrips longisensibilis is recorded in Brazil for the first time.

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Current issues in plant cryopreservation and importance for ex situ conservation of threatened Australian native species

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt18147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Robyn Streczynski ◽

Hamish Clark ◽

Lily M. Whelehan ◽

Sze-Tieng Ang ◽

Lyndle K. Hardstaff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Membrane Damage ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Cryoprotective Agents ◽

Germplasm Collections

An alarming proportion of Australia’s unique plant biodiversity is under siege from a variety of environmental threats. Options for in situ conservation are becoming increasingly compromised as encroaching land use, climate change and introduced diseases are highly likely to erode sanctuaries regardless of best intentions. Ex situ conservation is currently limited to botanic garden living collections and seed banking, with in vitro and cryopreservation technologies still being developed to address ex situ conservation of species not amenable to conventional storage. Cryopreservation (storage in liquid nitrogen) has been used successfully for long-term biosecure storage of shoot tips of several species of threatened Australian plants. We present a case for building on this research and fostering further development and utilisation of cryopreservation as the best means of capturing critical germplasm collections of Australian species with special storage requirements (e.g. recalcitrant-seeded taxa and species with short-lived seeds) that currently cannot be preserved effectively by other means. This review highlights the major issues in cryopreservation that can limit survival including ice crystal damage and desiccation, toxicity of cryoprotective agents, membrane damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Progress in understanding and mitigating these stresses is vital for advancing cryopreservation for conservation purposes.

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Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 790

Author(s):

Li ◽

Wang ◽

Li ◽

Yi ◽

Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Bird Species ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Taxus Chinensis ◽

Seed Removal ◽

Seed Deposition

Biodiversity is rapidly decreasing worldwide. Its great importance has been attached to conservation through in-situ and ex-situ management. Animal-mediated seed dispersal is an important ecological process, linking the threatened plants and animal partners in ex-situ habitats, and in turn affecting tree conservation. However, how bird traits affect seed dispersal within in-situ and ex-situ conservation still remains unclear. Here, we aim to answer this question. We tested whether bird traits affect seed deposition and seedling recruitment. Our results showed that 19 bird species foraged and removed Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. seeds across botanical gardens (ex-situ) and natural reserves (in-situ). The seed dispersal pattern of T. chinensis varied in the stages of seed removal and seed deposition, but showed no significant difference in the seedling recruitment stage. This showed that bird morphological and behavioral traits affected seed dispersal through the different contributions of varying bird species. Large birds and their high visitation frequency played a central role in seed removal patterns. The frequency of post-foraging habitat use was the most important factor determining the role of birds in seed deposition and the following seedling recruitment. Urocissa erythrorhyncha and Chloropsis hardwickii played the role of keystone species in seed deposition and seedling recruitment, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of bird traits in facilitating the seed dispersal of trees within in-situ and ex-situ conservation, which should be considered in future forest conservation and management.

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Ex situ conservation of Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis (Cistaceae) saves the taxon from introgression by Cistus albidus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-223320/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olaf Werner ◽

María José Vicente ◽

Mayra Aguado ◽

Jesús Robles ◽

Rosa María Ros

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Plant Taxon ◽

Ex Situ Collection ◽

Systematic Relationships ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Two Populations

Abstract Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis is a critically endangered plant taxon from E Spain. Only two populations, one in La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencian Community (consisting of only one plant) and the other in Llano de Beal, Cartagena municipality, Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, are presently known. The low number of individuals and introgression by the closely related C. albidus are the major threats to the conservation of Cistus heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis. In the years 2007, 2008, 2011, and 2013 seeds were collected from the Murcia population within the efforts to protect this taxon. In this work, we compare the natural population of Murcia with the ex situ plants originated from the recollected seeds, the only known sample from Valencia, and a specimen of North Africa of C. heterophyllus using genotyping by sequencing. The natural population of Murcia shows clear signals of introgression by C. albidus while the ex situ plants are much less affected, suggesting that the major part of the introgression of the natural populations took place after the specimens for the ex situ collection were taken. The Murcian samples seem not to be very close to the Valencian plant, but the systematic relationships among the studied populations remain unclear. The ex situ conservation efforts are a key to the conservation of this taxon.

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Investigation of vegetative properties and generative production of the potential ornamental and narrow endemic species Verbascum yurtkuranianum (Scrophulariaceae) for ex situ conservation

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.7530-7549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 7530-7549

Author(s):

Kamil Erken

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Narrow Endemic ◽

Single Location ◽

Number Of Individuals

Verbascum yurtkuranianum is a narrow endemic species occurring in a single location, the northern Bursa province (Turkey). It is an endangered and potentially ornamental plant. No conducted study on its life and biology, production, and aesthetic features is available. This study aimed to reveal its vegetative properties, seed characteristics, methods and requirements for seed germination, germination speed, and potential ornamental value so it can be conserved ex situ and produced. Verbascum yurtkuranianum has potential value as an ornamental plant regarding its aesthetic features as a flower. This study revealed that the total number of individuals in the species is 788. Without any treatment, 70.7% germination rate is achieved if the seeds are stored at 4 °C. The optimum germination temperature was from 15 to 20 °C (77.3% and 78.7%, respectively), and the photoperiod regulation for seed germination was 12/12 or 8/16 (light/dark) hours (74.7% and 76.0%, respectively). The most effective treatment to promote germination rate was found by implementation of 60 min ultrasonic waves (94.3%) or application of 120 min vacuum (95.3%). Germination occurred between 8 and 10 days. A parcel of ex situ conservation was constituted with the seedlings obtained from the germination studies.

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Zonation Drives The Abundance of Understory Exotic Plant Species in Ir. Djuanda Forest Park, West Java

Elkawnie ◽

10.22373/ekw.v7i1.6950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tri Cahyanto ◽

Billy Nabil Yuni ◽

Muhammad Efendi

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Forest Park ◽

Block Based ◽

Made In

Abstract: The understory is an important component in the tropical forests, particularly to contribute to ecosystem services function and playing on succession. However, the study on their existence related to the zonation effect in an ex-situ conservation is still lacking. This study aimed to compare the structure and composition of the understory in the two blocks of Ir. Djuanda Forest Park, Bandung. Data collection was carried out through vegetation analysis using plot methods (sampling plots). A total of 40 sampling plots of 5m x 5m were made in two observation blocks. The Importance Value Index (IVI) for each species was calculated based on their relative density and relative frequency. Seventy-three species of understory from 38 families were found in the observation plots, dominated by Araceae and Moraceae families. The composition of the protected block has higher species richness than the utilization block due to the differences in microclimates conditions. Calliandra calothyrsus, known as an invasive species, has the highest IVI indicating high adaptability to open habitats in the utilization block, while two native species, Plectranthus sp. and Chlorathus elatior, dominate in the protection block. Based on these findings, we showed that forest zonation drives exotic and native species abundance in the ex situ conservation area.Abstrak: Tumbuhan bawah merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam vegetasi hutan tropis, terutama dalam pelayanan ekosistem dan berperan dalam proses suksesi. Namun, penelitian mengenai keberadaannya dikaitkan dengan pengaruh zonasi di kawasan konservasi secara ex situ masih jarang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan struktur dan komposisi tumbuhan bawah pada dua blok yang berbeda di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Ir. Djuanda, Bandung. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan analisis vegetasi dengan metode plot (petak contoh). Sebanyak 40 plot kecil berukuran 5mx5m di kedua blok pengamatan. Indeks nilai penting (INP) setiap jenis dihitung berdasarkan kerapatan relatif dan frekuensi relatifnya. Sebanyak 73 jenis dalam 38 suku tumbuhan didata di dalam pengamatan, yang didominasi dari suku Araceae dan Moraceae. Berdasarkan jumlah jenis tumbuhan penyusunnya, blok perlindungan memiliki jenis yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan blok pemanfaatan berkaitan dengan berkaitan dengan perbedaan kondisi iklim mikro di kedua blok tersebut. Jenis Calliandra calothyrsus, dikenal sebagai tumbuhan invasif, memiliki nilai INP tertinggi menunjukkan kemampuan adaptasi yang tinggi pada habitat terbuka di blok pemanfaatan, sedangkan tumbuhan asli pegunungan jawa, Plectranthus sp. dan Chloranthus elatior mendominasi pada blok perlindungan. Berdasarkan hasil temuan ini, kita menyarankan bahwa zonasi mempengaruhi kelimpahan tumbuhan eksotik dan asli di kawasan konservasi tumbuhan secara eksitu.

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Characteristics of forage garden vegetation of the Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Medan Zoo

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 912 (1) ◽

pp. 012016

Author(s):

M Zahrah ◽

R Batubara ◽

R Ardi ◽

M I Maulana ◽

N L Auliah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Space ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Natural Food ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

The Family ◽

Understorey Plants

Abstract Medan Zoo is an ex situ conservation area for several wildlife species, covering an area of approximately 30 hectares, most of which are green open space and provide a forage garden for Sumatran elephants. This study aims to determine the characteristics of vegetation and the diversity of natural food types for elephants available in the Medan Zoo. Data collection using purposive sampling method, carried out in the forage garden which located in several points of elephant free-range. Based on the calculation of the Shannon-Wienner index, the overall diversity of plant species at the research location is 3.7 which can be categorized as high. The dominant understorey plants in the elephant forage garden are species from the family of Poaceae, namely Paspalumconjugatum, Eragrotisamabilis, Ottochloanodosa. Meanwhile, for speciesof trees habitus, the dominance for each level of vegetation starting from the tree, poles and saplings were: Meliaazedarach, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Cassia sp. There are types of elephant feed plants, classified into 8 families.The dominant type of natural feed is from the family of Poaceae.

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