scholarly journals Effect of non-native species on taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities in different river types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Takács ◽  
András Abonyi ◽  
Bálint Bánó ◽  
Tibor Erős
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
River Types ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Good Proxy

AbstractRecent researches suggest that functional diversity represents the response of communities to environmental alterations better than taxonomic diversity. However, there is scarce information about how the functional diversity of freshwater fishes is affected by habitat type and the dominance of non-native species. To address this question, we analysed a large database containing 15 morpho-functional traits of 61 fish species from the Pannon Biogeographic region (Hungary). Based on a fish faunistic list and relative abundance of taxa, we quantified the taxonomic and functional diversity of riverine communities for > 700 sites of six habitat types. We asked how non-native fishes affected the taxonomic and functional diversity in different river types and at the local scale (i.e. at the site level), and how the diversity measures of native fauna elements changes along the invasion gradient. Our results showed that both functional and taxonomic richness increases with habitat complexity, from small headwater streams to large rivers. Therefore taxonomic diversity served as a good proxy for functional diversity along the environmental gradient of river types. Non-natives showed considerable functional diversity relative to their species number in each habitat type. Diversity values of native fauna elements initially increased, and then showed a major decrease along the invasion gradient. River type-specific evaluations highlighted the importance of considering the proliferation of invasive species based on both taxonomic and functional diversity indices. We argue that type-specific action plans are needed in conservation management to preserve the taxonomic and functional diversity of native fishes in Hungary, but also elsewhere.

scholarly journals Kenophytes in different forest types of Ukraine

Hacquetia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
Viktor Onyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Impatiens Parviflora ◽  
Biogeographical Regions

Abstract The article aims to 1) describe the distribution of non-native species of vascular plants (only kenophytes, i. e. naturalized species introduced after the 15th century) in different types of forests and different biogeographical regions of Ukraine; 2) compare proportions of kenophytes in forests of different areas; 3) detect statistically significant changes in the occurrence of kenophytes over the last 80 years. The material consists of 2701 relevés sampled in 1990–2018. They were taken from Ukrainian phytocoenological publications and databases. In Ukraine, as in other European countries, the highest proportion of kenophytes (percentage of species number per relevé) is in floodplain forests (up to 9.1% in willow and poplar forests). The lowest proportion is characteristic for bog woods (0%) and most types of mountain forests. Among biogeographical regions, the highest values were found in the flatland areas of the Steppic region and the forest-steppe part of the Continental region. The most frequent species are Impatiens parviflora (predominantly in broadleaved woods, absent in relevés from the steppic biogeoregion) and Erigeron canadensis (pine woods on sand). Comparison with 1466 older relevés sampled in 1950–1989 allows us to make a conclusion that the proportion of kenophytes increased at least in one habitat type (oak-hornbeam forests).

scholarly journals How Do Biological and Functional Diversity Change in Invaded Tropical Marine Rocky Reef Communities?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Larissa M. Pires-Teixeira ◽  
Vinicius Neres-Lima ◽  
Joel C. Creed
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Functional Space ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Functional Diversity Indices

Evidence so far shows that most alien species (AS) have negative impacts on native biodiversity and are changing biodiversity in almost all environments. Here, we study eight rocky shores at four sites containing reefs with invaded communities and other not-invaded (control) communities, to evaluate the effects of four marine invasive species on biological and functional diversity. We used the adjustment and selection approach of species abundance distribution models (SAD), taxonomic diversity indices and functional diversity indices based on hierarchical grouping matrices (FD—Functional Diversity). In addition to comparing invaded and not-invaded communities, we also performed the same analysis, but removed the invaders (AS removed) from the matrices. The geometric-series model was best adjusted to the majority of communities. The diversity indices suggest that the taxonomic diversity is lower in invaded communities, while the functional diversity indices suggest a change in the functional space of invaded and not-invaded communities, with a greater amount of functional space filled by species in the not-invaded communities. Taxonomic and functional diversity indices were successful in identifying processes that determine the biological diversity of invaded communities, as they seem to obey a pattern that reflects the reduced diversity of invaded communities.

scholarly journals The first unified inventory of non-native fishes of the South Caucasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tatia Kuljanishvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Bella Japoshvili ◽  
Namig Mustafayev ◽  
Shaig Ibrahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Native Fishes

The South Caucasus (SC) region is recognized for its high biological diversity and various endemic animal taxa. The area has experienced many fish introductions over the years, but the overall information about non-native fishes in the three SC countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia did not exist. Although these three countries belong to the Kura River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (only the western half of Georgia drains into the Black Sea), the legislative framework for each country regarding introduction of non-native fish species and their treatment is different and poorly developed. The goal of the present study was to make an initial inventory of non-native fish species in the three SC countries, and summarize the existing knowledge as a basis for future risk assessment models and formulation of regional management policies. Here, we present a unified list of 27 non-native species recorded in the wild in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Among these 27 species, eight were translocated from the Black Sea basin to the Caspian Sea basin. Out of these 27 non-native fishes, 15 species have become established (three of them being considered invasive) and six fish species could not survive in the wild.

scholarly journals What is needed to restore native fishes in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
John D. Koehn ◽  
Stephen R. Balcombe ◽  
Lee J. Baumgartner ◽  
Christopher M. Bice ◽  
Kate Burndred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Past ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
First Nations People

The Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) is Australia’s food bowl, contributing 40% of agricultural production and supporting a population of over 4 million people. Historically, the MDB supported a unique native fish community with significant cultural, subsistence, recreational, commercial and ecological values. Approximately one-quarter of the MDB’s native species are endemic. Changes to river flows and habitats have led to a >90% decline in native fish populations over the past 150 years, with almost half the species now of conservation concern. Commercial fisheries have collapsed, and important traditional cultural practices of First Nations People have been weakened. The past 20 years have seen significant advances in the scientific understanding of native fish ecology, the effects of human-related activities and the recovery measures needed. The science is well established, and some robust restoration-enabling policies have been initiated to underpin actions. What is now required is the political vision and commitment to support investment to drive long-term recovery. We present a summary of 30 priority activities urgently needed to restore MDB native fishes.

scholarly journals Using a jumping spider fauna inventory (Araneae, Salticidae) as an indicator of the taxonomic diversity for Misiones, Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Future Studies

There is a clear connection between basic taxonomy and biodiversity issues. Faunistic studies with a taxonomically comprehensive inventory of species provide an important source of quantitative compiled information concerning several regions. This information can be used in diversity analysis and have great potential in setting conservation priorities. The salticid spider fauna of Misiones is relatively well known; here this knowledge is used to generate Clarke & Warwick taxonomic diversity indices. Different ecoregional diversities contributing to information about biodiversity levels of salticids in Misiones and providing reference data for future studies are analyzed. Differences between the three ecoregions of the province were found, mainly southern savannas regarding the forests of northern Misiones.

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in heterogeneous habitat of Bankura, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15804-15816
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mukherjee ◽  
Ayan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Chotanagpur Plateau ◽  
Bankura District

Butterfly diversity was observed in different habitats of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.  This district is located at the junction of Chotanagpur plateau and Gangetic plain; it contains a variety of transitional habitats.  We found 117 butterfly species from our covered survey area.  The highest species recorded in the present study belonged to family Lycaenidae (30.76%) and Nymphalidae (29.91%) followed by Hesperiidae (16.23%), Pieridae (13.67%), Papilionidae (8.54%), and Riodinidae (0.85%), respectively.  Based on sighting we found that 12.82% of all the butterflies recorded were abundant in nature while 21.36% were very common, 41.88% were frequent, and 23.93% were rare. Cluster analysis and other diversity indices gives us an overall idea about environmental health.  The pattern of diversity change from plain to plateau gradient gives important insight about ecological edge effect.  High species number in relation with low individual numbers were found in forest habitat.  This preliminary study showed that heterogeneous habitats could harbour many butterflies and need proper conservation efforts to sustain it. 

scholarly journals Seasonal Analysis of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Poneromorph Ant Assemblages in the Amazon Forest

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Priscila de Carvalho Pereira ◽  
Fábio Souto Almeida ◽  
André Barbosa Vargas ◽  
Marcel Santos de Araújo ◽  
Antônio José Mayhé-Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Ant Diversity ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The present study aimed at assessing the effects of climate seasonality on poneromorph ants in the Brazilian Amazon, by studying variations in composition, richness, and taxonomic and functional diversity. The study was carried out in the Tapirapé-Aquiri National Forest, southeastern Pará State. We collected poneromorph ants in three areas of native forest with pitfall traps and sardine baits on the ground and vegetation, in two dry and rainy seasons. We collected 46 species of poneromorph ants, which belong to two subfamilies and eleven genera. The species composition, richness and taxonomic diversity did not vary significantly between seasons. There was no significant difference in the frequency of species of functional groups between dry and rainy seasons. There was no significant difference in the average richness and average diversity of functional groups between the dry and rainy seasons. In our study we found no seasonal differences in composition, taxonomic and functional richness and diversity of poneromorph ants in the Amazon, which is useful for future studies that aim at using those ants as bioindicators. In addition, the identification of the species made in the present study has special relevance as it contributes to advance the knowledge of poneromorph ant diversity in the Amazon.

scholarly journals The cryptic impacts of invasion: Functional homogenization of tropical ant communities by invasive fire ants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. L. Wong ◽  
Benoit Guénard ◽  
Owen T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Functional Identities ◽  
Functional Homogenization

AbstractInvasive insects represent major threats to ecosystems worldwide. Yet their effects on the functional dimension of biodiversity, measured as the diversity and distribution of traits, are overlooked. Such measures often determine the resilience of ecological communities and the ecosystem processes they modulate. The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a highly problematic invasive species occurring on five continents. Its impacts on the taxonomic diversity of native ant communities have been studied but its impacts on their functional diversity are unknown. Comparing invaded and uninvaded plots in tropical grasslands of Hong Kong, we investigated how the presence of S. invicta affects the diversity and distribution of ant species and traits within and across communities, the functional identities of communities, and functionally unique species. We calculated the functional diversity of individual species, including the trait variation from intraspecific polymorphisms, and scaled up these values to calculate functional diversity at the community level. Invasion had only limited effects on species richness and functional richness, which were 13% and 8.5% lower in invaded communities respectively. In contrast, invasion had pronounced effects on taxonomic and functional composition due to turnover in species and trait values. Furthermore, invaded communities were functionally more homogeneous, displaying 23% less turnover and 56% more redundancy than uninvaded communities, as well as greater clustering and lower divergence in trait values. Invaded communities had fewer functionally-unique individuals and were characterized by ant species with narrower heads and bodies and shorter mandibles. Our results suggest that studies based only on taxonomic measures of diversity or indices describing trait variety risk underestimating the full ramifications of invasions. Investigating the diversity and distributions of traits at species, community and landscape levels can reveal the cryptic impacts of alien species which, despite causing little taxonomic change, may substantially modify the structure and functioning of ecological communities.

Earthworm diversity in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4496 (1) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERUSA PAULI KIST STEFFEN ◽  
RICARDO BEMFICA STEFFEN ◽  
MARIE LUISE CAROLINA BARTZ ◽  
SAMUEL WOOSTER JAMES ◽  
RODRIGO JOSEMAR SEMINOTTI JACQUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
First Record ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Aporrectodea Trapezoides ◽  
Native Pastures

The knowledge regarding earthworm species richness in subtropical Brazil is limited, particularly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), where only a few sites have been sampled. In this study we assessed earthworm richness in different ecosystems of RS, prioritizing un-sampled regions. Fifteen ecosystems, including native vegetation and other ecosystems with variable levels of disturbance were sampled in 30 counties in RS, totaling 77 sampling points, mainly in the Pampa biome. Qualitative sampling was performed by handsorting soil monoliths and fixing the earthworms in 4% formalin solution. Species identification was based on morphological characters, and species richness and Shannon (H) and McIntosh (U) diversity indices were calculated for each ecosystem. Twenty-one earthworm species were identified, belonging to seven families: Glossoscolecidae (8), Rhinodrilidae (2), Ocnerodrilidae (4), Megascolecidae (4), Acanthodrilidae (1), Lumbricidae (1) and Criodrilidae (1). From these, ten are new species belonging to the genera: Glossoscolex (6), Fimoscolex (1), Kerriona (1), Eukerria (1), and one aquatic species of the Criodrilidae family, belonging to a new genus. Most of the native species (Urobenus brasiliensis, Fimoscolex n.sp.1 and the Glossoscolex spp.) predominated in ecosystems little altered by human activity, while exotic (Amynthas gracilis, Amynthas rodericensis, Metaphire californica, Aporrectodea trapezoides) and peregrine species (Pontoscolex corethrurus) predominated in areas with more human disturbance. Native ecosystems with lower disturbance, particularly forests and native pastures had higher diversity than disturbed sites. This is the first record of A. rodericencis for Brazil and most sites represent new collection records for the known species in RS.

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