scholarly journals Using a jumping spider fauna inventory (Araneae, Salticidae) as an indicator of the taxonomic diversity for Misiones, Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Jumping Spider ◽  
Future Studies

There is a clear connection between basic taxonomy and biodiversity issues. Faunistic studies with a taxonomically comprehensive inventory of species provide an important source of quantitative compiled information concerning several regions. This information can be used in diversity analysis and have great potential in setting conservation priorities. The salticid spider fauna of Misiones is relatively well known; here this knowledge is used to generate Clarke & Warwick taxonomic diversity indices. Different ecoregional diversities contributing to information about biodiversity levels of salticids in Misiones and providing reference data for future studies are analyzed. Differences between the three ecoregions of the province were found, mainly southern savannas regarding the forests of northern Misiones.

scholarly journals Preferred Interpersonal Distances: A Global Comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sorokowska ◽  
Piotr Sorokowski ◽  
Peter Hilpert ◽  
Katarzyna Cantarero ◽  
Tomasz Frackowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
And Gender

Human spatial behavior has been the focus of hundreds of previous research studies. However, the conclusions and generalizability of previous studies on interpersonal distance preferences were limited by some important methodological and sampling issues. The objective of the present study was to compare preferred interpersonal distances across the world and to overcome the problems observed in previous studies. We present an extensive analysis of interpersonal distances over a large data set ( N = 8,943 participants from 42 countries). We attempted to relate the preferred social, personal, and intimate distances observed in each country to a set of individual characteristics of the participants, and some attributes of their cultures. Our study indicates that individual characteristics (age and gender) influence interpersonal space preferences and that some variation in results can be explained by temperature in a given region. We also present objective values of preferred interpersonal distances in different regions, which might be used as a reference data point in future studies.

Discussion on taxonomic diversity indices and taxonomic sufficiency for macrobenthos in Xiamen Bay

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
朱晓芬 ZHU Xiaofen ◽  
陈彬 CHEN Bin ◽  
俞炜炜 YU Weiwei ◽  
林俊辉 LIN Junhui ◽  
黄雅琴 HUANG Yaqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Xiamen Bay ◽  
Taxonomic Sufficiency

Investigating the role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) among patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 730-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Agarwal ◽  
Jennifer Modliszewski ◽  
Lauren Davey ◽  
Marco Reyes-Martinez ◽  
Daniella Runyambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Microbial Dna

730 Background: ICIs are effective in mRCC, but one pertinent clinical need is to identify predictive biomarkers for response. The PD-1 receptor has been implicated in regulating gastrointestinal commensal bacteria, with varied immune interactions, thereby impacting response to ICIs. We evaluated bacterial taxa and ICI outcomes in mRCC pts. Methods: Fecal samples from 22 mRCC pts were collected at baseline, week (wk)-4 on ICI, and upon disease progression. Pts were grouped as responders (R, complete or partial response) or non-responders (NR, stable or progressive disease). Microbial DNA was isolated by next generation DNA sequencing. The V4 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA was amplified from extracted DNA and analyzed for bacterial abundance, as well as alpha diversity indices (number of amplicon sequence variants [ASVs], Shannon’s Index, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, and Pielou’s evenness) and beta diversity indices on ASVs (Bray-Curtis, Jaccard, and unweighted/weighted UniFrac dissimilarity measures). Results: Beta diversity analysis at baseline showed no difference in microbial composition between Rs and NRs. However, beta diversity analysis did show a significant change in composition from baseline to wk 4 in R vs NR pts (Bray Curtis p-value=0.03). Among mRCC pts with CR to ICIs, counts of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia had an upward trend from baseline to wk 4. All mRCC pts with CR (n=3) had Akkermansia at wk 4. However, Akkermansia colonization was not sufficient for response, present in 7/9 Rs and 6/11 NRs. Conclusions: Baseline microbiome differences between ICI Rs and NRs are not enough to predict outcomes. Diversity changes between baseline and wk-4 on treatment could be an early predictor of response. Factors other than presence of Akkermansia (tumor or host-specific, Akkermansia strain variation, or other bacteria in the microenvironment) may contribute to response. Further species and strain-level profiling of the microbiota, tumor-specific genomic alterations, host immune response, and increasing sample size of ICI-treated patients may improve detection of significant differences between Rs and NRs.

scholarly journals Forestry effects on a boreal ground beetle community in spring: Selective logging and clear-cutting compared

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Atlegrim ◽  
Kjell Sjöberg ◽  
John Ball
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Harvesting Method

To compare the effects of two tree harvesting methods (clear-cutting and single tree selection felling), spring-occurring ground beetles (Carabidae) were studied by pitfall trapping in northern Sweden. Species abundance, total abundance and Hill's diversity indices were used to compare the ground beetle community in clear-cuts to selectively-logged and to uncut control forests. In addition, to highlight the importance of site replication when evaluating a spatially-variable ecosystem like the boreal forest, we consider how our conclusions might have differed with and without site replication. Results from the two analyses differed considerably, highlighting the importance of site replication in studies offorestry effects in order to increase confidence in the conclusions. Overall, no significant harvest effects were found on the ground beetle community except for a significantly higher abundance of the open habitat species P. assimilis in clear-cuts than in uncut control forests. Our results thus do not support suggestions of an increase in diversity following clear-cutting, but are consistent with previous findings regarding increased abundances of open habitat species and no changes in abundance of forest generalists in clear-cuts. In general, the carabid community in the selection loggings resembled that in the uncut control forest, indicating a low effect of this harvesting method. Based on our analysis, we suggest that future studies of forestry impacts on invertebrates attempt to increase the number of sites evaluated rather than increase the number of samples from a given area.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic species delimitation for crayfishes of the genusPacifastacus

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Larson ◽  
Magalie Castelin ◽  
Bronwyn W. Williams ◽  
Julian D. Olden ◽  
Cathryn L. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Widely Invasive

Molecular genetic approaches are playing an increasing role in conservation science by identifying biodiversity that may not be evident by morphology-based taxonomy and systematics. So-called cryptic species are particularly prevalent in freshwater environments, where isolation of dispersal-limited species, such as crayfishes, within dendritic river networks often gives rise to high intra- and inter-specific genetic divergence. We apply here a multi-gene molecular approach to investigate relationships among extant species of the crayfish genusPacifastacus, representing the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this taxonomic group. Importantly,Pacifastacusincludes both the widely invasive signal crayfishPacifastacus leniusculus,as well as several species of conservation concern like the Shasta crayfishPacifastacus fortis. Our analysis used 83 individuals sampled across the four extantPacifastacusspecies (omitting the extinctPacifastacus nigrescens), representing the known taxonomic diversity and geographic distributions within this genus as comprehensively as possible. We reconstructed phylogenetic trees from mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear genes (GAPDH), both separately and using a combined or concatenated dataset, and performed several species delimitation analyses (PTP, ABGD, GMYC) on the COI phylogeny to propose Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs) within the genus. All phylogenies recovered the genusPacifastacusas monophyletic, within which we identified a range of six to 21 PSHs; more abundant PSHs delimitations from GMYC and ABGD were always nested within PSHs delimited by the more conservative PTP method.Pacifastacus leniusculusincluded the majority of PSHs and was not monophyletic relative to the otherPacifastacusspecies considered. Several of these highly distinctP. leniusculusPSHs likely require urgent conservation attention. Our results identify research needs and conservation priorities forPacifastacuscrayfishes in western North America, and may inform better understanding and management ofP. leniusculusin regions where it is invasive, such as Europe and Japan.

scholarly journals Diversity analysis of maize inbred lines using DIVA-GIS under temperate ecologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1576-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Dar ◽  
A. A. Lone ◽  
N. Sunil ◽  
N. Sivaraj ◽  
G. Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
South India ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Ear Height

The vagaries of Climate Change variability need to be addressed and as climatic conditions change at particular experimental sites and maize producing regions, mega-environment assignments will need to be reassessed to guide breeders to appropriate new germplasm and target environments . The development of improved germplasm to meet the needs of future generations in light of climate change and population growth is of the upmost importance . Evaluation of the inbred lines from diverse ecosystems would be effective for production of lines with resilience towards climate variability. Hence, with this objective diverse set of inbred lines sourced from all over India were characterized and were evaluated with DIVA-GIS for diversity analysis of maize inbred lines. Grid maps generated for these maize inbred lines for eleven quantitative traits indicated that these lines can be sourced from North and South India. High Shannon diversity index with maximum range of 2.17-3.0, 2.25-3.0, 2.36-3.0, 2.4-4.0, 2.0-3.0, and 2.2-3.0 were recorded for the traits viz; plant height, ear height, grain weight, grain yield, kernel row and protein content respectively indicating the high response of these traits to ecosystem. However, inbred lines were found to be diverse for all the traits except for ears plant-1 (EPP) and they have been sourced from Northern and Southern parts of India while for EPP recorded less diversity index range of 0.4-1.0 indicating source from South India. Interestingly, less diverse inbred lines for all the eleven quantitative traits have been sourced from Indogangetic plains as indicated in diversity grid maps. Maximum diversity indices were recorded for anthesis silking interval (ASI), days to silking, days to tasseling, which are in the range of 0.97-2.0, 1.528-2.0, 1.516-2.0 and 1.528-2.0 respectively. Hence, DIVA-GIS enabled identification of diverse sources from varied ecosystems which can be used for developing improved lines/ cultivars with greater resilience towards climate change.

scholarly journals Myxomycetes of the Caramoan Islands and an update on the species found in the Bicol Peninsula, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Neutral Theory Of Biodiversity

The main objective of this study was to characterize the assemblages of myxomycetes on isolated Philippine islands through a correlational study using geographical and ecological distance in the Caramoan Islands, including an updated checklist of the myxomycetes of the Bicol Peninsula. Four islands of varying sizes and distances from each other, but all within relatively close proximity to the mainland of the Bicol Peninsula, were surveyed. A combination of traditional and more contemporary ecological tools was used to analyze diversity indices among and between the islands. Among the four islands, Matukad Island recorded the highest species richness (46.8) and taxonomic diversity index (2.6), while ranking next to Lahos island in terms of species diversity (7.9). Pairwise comparisons using community similarity indices and clustering analysis consistently showed that Lahos and Matukad are the most similar to each other, while also being closer to one another but situated farthest from the mainland. On the other hand, the two smallest islands, which were also closest to each other and to the mainland, grouped together using clustering analysis but recorded the lowest pairwise percentage similarity value. The ecological patterns in this study appear to follow the unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography more than the insular biogeography theory. In addition, this study added 16 new morphospecies to the list of myxomycetes known from the Bicol Peninsula, which brings the total to 73, including one new record for the country [Lamproderma arcyrioides (Sommerf.) Rostaf.] KEYWORDS: slime molds, insular, biodiversity, paleotropics, unified netural theory

scholarly journals Taxonomic Diversity and Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Taabo Lake (Basin of Bandama; Ivory Coast)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yanick Djoman Tanon ◽  
Idrissa Adama Camara ◽  
Norbert Kouakou Kouadio ◽  
Lassina Doumbia ◽  
Allassane Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Sampling Points

The taxonomic diversity and structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of Taabo Lake (Ivory Coast), from November 2017 to October 2018 were evaluated. Water quality parameters, such as temperature (T °C), water transparency (cm), dissolved oxygen (mg.L-1), pH, turbidity (NTU), electrical conductivity (EC, µS.cm-1) were measured in situ using a multi-parameter probe HANNA, from four sampling points (littoral and sub-littoral zones) in Taabo Lake. Benthic macroinvertebrates sampling were collected by using Van veen in stainless steel. A total of 63 benthic macroinvertebrates taxa belonging to 23 Families, 8 Orders, 2 Classes and 2 Phylums (Molluscs and Arthropods) were identified. The most abundant of benthic macroinvertebrates were Mesogastropoda (66%) represented in all sampling points. They were followed by Diptera (25%), Odonata (3%), Ephemeroptera (3%), Basommatophora (2%), Heteroptera (1%), Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (less than 1%). The values of diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates collected in Taabo Lake showed no significant variations between sampling points.

Species assemblages and community structure of deep-sea demersal ichthyofauna of the South-eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sileesh ◽  
K. Alphi ◽  
K. C. Harish ◽  
V. Viji
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Richness Index

Studies of species assemblages and community structure are of vital importance in the deep-sea realm. Data for the present study were collected during the research expedition of FORV ‘Sagar Sampada’ in the latitude 8.02°N and 11.58°N, longitude 74.16°E and 78.35°E. High Speed Demersal Trawl – Crustacean Version (HSDT-CV) was used for the operations at a depth of 200 and 1000 m. The total catch came to 2148.35 kg from 10 stations. An analysis of the catch composition was made. Total catch was dominated by Priacanthus hamrur (27.66%) followed by Neoepinnula orientalis (15.57%), Psenopsis cyanea (10.05%), Glyptophidium oceanium (3.55%), Lamprogrammus niger (3.17%), Narcine timlei (3.08%), Lamprogrammus sp. (2.6%), Pterigotrygla hemisticta (2.17%). About 76 species recorded from 22 orders were identified. The diversity indices, Cluster analysis, k-dominance plot were analysed using PRIMER v6 software. The diversity indices including Margalef richness index (d), Shanon index (log e2), Pielou's evenness index (J′) and Simpson diversity index (1 − λ) were calculated. Diversity indices were compared with the previous studies in the same area, and this can be a reference point for future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of non-native species on taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities in different river types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Takács ◽  
András Abonyi ◽  
Bálint Bánó ◽  
Tibor Erős
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
River Types ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Good Proxy

AbstractRecent researches suggest that functional diversity represents the response of communities to environmental alterations better than taxonomic diversity. However, there is scarce information about how the functional diversity of freshwater fishes is affected by habitat type and the dominance of non-native species. To address this question, we analysed a large database containing 15 morpho-functional traits of 61 fish species from the Pannon Biogeographic region (Hungary). Based on a fish faunistic list and relative abundance of taxa, we quantified the taxonomic and functional diversity of riverine communities for > 700 sites of six habitat types. We asked how non-native fishes affected the taxonomic and functional diversity in different river types and at the local scale (i.e. at the site level), and how the diversity measures of native fauna elements changes along the invasion gradient. Our results showed that both functional and taxonomic richness increases with habitat complexity, from small headwater streams to large rivers. Therefore taxonomic diversity served as a good proxy for functional diversity along the environmental gradient of river types. Non-natives showed considerable functional diversity relative to their species number in each habitat type. Diversity values of native fauna elements initially increased, and then showed a major decrease along the invasion gradient. River type-specific evaluations highlighted the importance of considering the proliferation of invasive species based on both taxonomic and functional diversity indices. We argue that type-specific action plans are needed in conservation management to preserve the taxonomic and functional diversity of native fishes in Hungary, but also elsewhere.

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