Enhancement of flame retardancy of cotton fabrics by grafting a novel organic phosphorous-based flame retardant

Cellulose ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2787-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Gao ◽  
Guang-Xian Zhang ◽  
Feng-Xiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics

scholarly journals Preparation and Mechanism of Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabric with Phosphoramidate Siloxane Polymer through Multistep Coating

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Denghui Xu ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Siloxane Polymer ◽  
Coated Cotton

To improve the water solubility of phosphoramidate siloxane and decrease the amount of flame-retardant additives used in the functional coating for cotton fabrics, a water-soluble phosphoramidate siloxane polymer (PDTSP) was synthesized by sol-gel technology and flame-retardant cotton fabrics were prepared with a multistep coating process. A vertical flammability test, limited oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry were performed to investigate the thermal behavior and flame retardancy of PDTSP-coated fabrics. The coated cotton fabrics and their char residues after combustion were studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All results presented that PDTSP-coated cotton fabrics had good flame retardancy and char-forming properties. PDTSP coating was demonstrated to posess gas-phase flame-retardant mechanism as well as a condensed phase flame-retardant mechanism, which can be confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR) and cone calorimetry test. Also, the preparation process had little effect on the tensile strength of cotton fabrics, although the air permeability and whiteness had a slight decrease. After different washing cycles, the coated samples still maintained good char-forming properties.

Preparation of a novel flame retardant containing triazine groups and its application on cotton fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (18) ◽  
pp. 7386-7394
Author(s):  
Ling Sun ◽  
Shihao Wang ◽  
Jiaojiao Zhang ◽  
Wennan Li ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Natural Cellulose

A novel triazine-based flame retardant capable of reacting with natural cellulose fiber was successfully synthesized and used to improve the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.

Enhanced flame retardancy of cotton fabrics with a novel intumescent flame-retardant finishing system

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Jiang ◽  
Caiying Sun ◽  
Yining Zhou ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Xingru Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant

Flammability and thermal properties of cotton fabrics modified with a novel flame retardant containing triazine and phosphorus components

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Xuechao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Index Value

A novel formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing phosphorus and dichlorotriazine components (CTAP) for cotton fabrics was synthesized. As an active group, the dichlorotriazine could react with cotton fabric via covalent reaction. The addition of 20.7 wt% CTAP into the cotton fabric obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of 31.5%, which was 13.5% higher than the pure cotton fabric. The results of heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat combustion indicated that CTAP effectively imparted flame retardancy to cotton fabric by the cone calorimetry test. With respect to the untreated cotton fabrics, the treated cotton fabrics degraded at lower decomposition temperature and form a consistent and compact char layer, which could be observed by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to the untreated cotton fabrics, CTAP performed an effective role in flame retardancy for treated cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, it stimulated the formation of char and promoted the thermal stability of treated cotton fabrics during combustion.

Flame Retarding of Polymers with Sulfamates. I. Sulfation of Cotton and Wool

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Vertical Strip ◽  
Wool Fabrics ◽  
Ammonium Sulfamate ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Very High

Some results of work carried out on flame retarding of cotton and wool fabrics are reviewed.* Cotton fabrics are rendered flame retardant upon treatment with ammonium sulfamate (AS) with urea or a urea-based cross linking agent, as co-additive, in the pad-dry-cure finishing treatment, with curing at 180-200°C for one to three minutes. Wool fabrics are similarly treated with sul famic acid (SA) in the presence of urea at 140-160°C. In both cases a very high de gree of flame retardancy is obtained and the treated fabrics pass the vertical strip test (VST) also after fifty hard water alkaline launderings. In both cases, the fab rics retain their soft hand. In order to overcome the afterglow in cotton, a com bined sulfation-phosphorylation process was developed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a phosphoramidate flame retardant and its flame retardancy on cotton fabrics

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 550-560
Author(s):  
Huaifang Wang ◽  
Yingli Cai ◽  
Zhiming Jiang ◽  
Shengnan Guo ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

AbstractA phosphoramidate flame retardant (dimethyl N,N-bis(2-hydroxyletheyl)phosphoramidate, DMBHP) was synthesized and applied to cotton fabrics for enhancing the flame retardancy. The structure of DMBHP was characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated using the vertical flammability test (VFT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the cone calorimetric test. Moreover, to further analyze the flame retardant action of DMBHP in cotton fabrics, thermal degradability of the treated fabrics, as well as the chemical structure, surface morphology, and element contents of the char residue of the DMBHP-treated fabrics were also evaluated. The results show that, after treating with DMBHP, the cotton fabrics acquired a LOI value from 18.1 to 31.1 with the concentration increasing to 30% and self-extinguished in VFT tests when treated with up to 15% DMBHP. Besides, the total heat release and the peak heat release rate of DMBHP (30%)-treated fabric decreased obviously compared with the pure cotton along with more residue retained. TG, SEM, and EDS results of treated cotton fabric and the corresponding residue after burning showed that DMBHP has the capability of enhancing char formation. In addition, DMBHP will confer cotton fabrics a certain durability against washing with the help of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA).

Interaction of Flame-Retardant and Untreated Cotton Fabrics during Burning

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Hobart ◽  
Charles H. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Geometrical Configuration ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Flame Retarded

Transfer of flame retardancy from fabric treated with THPOH-NH3 to untreated cotton fabric during burning was observed on fabric samples sewed together with glass thread. The transfer effect was evidenced by the development of substantial char and the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen in the char of the untreated fabric. Oxygen-index determinations on multilayered combinations of flame-retarded (FR) and untreated fabrics also supported this observation. The extent of FR transfer varied with the geometrical configuration of the layers and the FR add-on. Tests showed that smoke from combustion of THPOH-NH3-treated fabric, passed through untreated cotton fabric, was the means of transfer of phosphorus, nitrogen, and flame retardancy. The FR transfer effect was also demonstrated for several other phosphorus-containing flame-retardancy treatments.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a Novel Linear α, ω-Di (Chloro Phosphoramide) Polydimethylsiloxane and Its Applications in Improving Flame-Retardant and Water-Repellent Properties of Cotton Fabrics

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaohong Dong ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Xingbo Ma ◽  
Zhou Lu ◽  
Pengshuang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Washing Durability ◽  
Char Length

A novel linear α, ω-di (chloro phosphoramide)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (CPN-PDMS) was successfully synthesized and utilized as a formaldehyde-free water-repellent and flame-retardant for cotton fabrics. The flame retardancy of treated cotton fabrics was estimated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, vertical flammability test, and cone calorimetry test. The cotton fabrics treated with 350 g/L CPN-PDMS obtained excellent flame retardancy with an LOI value of 30.6% and the char length was only 4.3 cm. Combustion residues were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Results show that CPN-PDMS can effectively enhance water repellency and fire resistance of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, the breaking strength test and the whiteness test strongly prove that the tensile strength and whiteness of the treated cotton fabrics were slightly lower than that of the pure cotton fabrics. The wash stability test showed that after 30 laundering cycles, the treated cotton fabrics still had an LOI value of 28.5% and a water-repellent effect of grade 80, indicating that CPN-PDMS was an excellent washing durability additive. In summary, these property enhancements of treated cotton fabrics were attributed to the synergistic effect of silicon-phosphorus-nitrogen elements in CPN-PDMS.

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