Emamectin benzoate induced enzymatic and transcriptional alternation in detoxification mechanism of predatory beetle Paederus fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at the sublethal concentration

Jet fuels such as JP-4 can be introduced into the environment and come in contact with aquatic biota in several ways. Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated JP-4 toxicity to fish. Benzene is the major constituent of the water soluble fraction of JP-4. The normal surface morphology of bluegill olfactory lamellae was examined in conjunction with electrophysiology experiments. There was no information regarding the ultrastructural and physiological responses of the olfactory epithelium of bluegills to acute benzene exposure.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of benzene on the surface morphology of the nasal rosettes of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegills were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 7.7±0.2ppm (+S.E.M.) benzene for five, ten or fourteen days. Nasal rosettes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.25mM calcium chloride. Specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.

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Effect of chemical seed protectants on quality parameters of red gram seed against. pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L under ambient storage

ENTOMON ◽

10.33307/entomon.v43i4.409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 281-286

Author(s):

Manish Kumar Yadav ◽

R.B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Quality Parameters ◽

Ambient Condition ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Ambient Storage ◽

Pulse Beetle ◽

Vigour Index

Among the insecticides tested as seed protectants against Callosobruchus chinensis under ambient condition for a period of nine months revealed that all seed protectants were significantly effective. Maximum germination was observed (86.67%) when seed treated with novaluron 10 EC @0.05ml/kg followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG@40mg/kg (85.67 per cent). The vigour index was maximum in emamectin benzoate (1913.87) followed by novaluron.

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Emamectin benzoate is a safe and effective anthelmintic against coelomic nematode Philometra rubra in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

K Béland ◽

G Séguin ◽

S Lair

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Striped Bass ◽

High Mortality ◽

Morone Saxatilis ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Once Daily ◽

Fish Hatchery ◽

Parasitic Burden

An unusually high mortality rate due to verminous (Philometra rubra) coelomitis was documented in wild-hatched striped bass Morone saxatilis raised in a fish hatchery as part of a stock restoration program. To decrease the parasitic burden and therefore potentially minimize mortality, the effectiveness of 2 different anthelmintics was evaluated. Two trials were conducted on wild-collected fingerlings naturally infected by P. rubra. In 2006, 144 yearling fish were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: (1) levamisole (Levasol®) at 2 mg l-1 via immersion for 8 h once weekly for 3 wk; (2) levamisole at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; (3) emamectin benzoate (Slice®) at a dose of 0.05 mg kg-1 biomass via feed once daily for 7 d; and (4) control. Emamectin successfully eliminated live nematodes in 84.9% of the fish, whereas the administration of levamisole, either via immersion or feed, was not successful in significantly reducing the number of live P. rubra. In 2007, the administration of the same dosage of emamectin to approximately 1000 naturally infected yearling striped bass was associated with a 100% mortality rate of P. rubra in the 30 fish randomly examined 5 wk after the beginning of the treatment. Results of these trials indicate that, at the dosage used, the administration of emamectin at the end of the summer is safe for striped bass yearlings and considerably reduces the prevalence and intensity of the infection by this parasite.

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Enzymatic responses in the head and midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera contaminated with a sublethal concentration of thiamethoxam

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 112581

Author(s):

Pâmela Decio ◽

Lucas Miotelo ◽

Franco Dani Campos Pereira ◽

Thaisa Cristina Roat ◽

Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Sublethal Concentration

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Residue and dissipation of two formulations of emamectin benzoate in tender cowpea and old cowpea and a risk assessment of dietary intake

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130043 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130043

Author(s):

Ruifei Wang ◽

Benju Liu ◽

Qun Zheng ◽

Deqiang Qin ◽

Peiru Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Emamectin Benzoate

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Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Norazila Yusoff ◽

Idris Abd Ghani ◽

Nurul Wahida Othman ◽

Wan Mohd Aizat ◽

Maizom Hassan

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Sublethal Effect ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

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Sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate on life table parameters of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00412-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

El-Sayed Mokbel ◽

Amal Huesien

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Spodoptera Littoralis ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Relative Fitness ◽

Emamectin Benzoate ◽

Cotton Leafworm ◽

Sublethal Concentrations ◽

Preovipositional Period

Abstract Background The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), is a serious economic pest in Egypt. Pest control depends mainly on chemical control with several pesticides include conventional and modern insecticides. Comprehensive analysis of pesticides impacts needs to investigate sublethal effects in addition to lethal effect. Results In the current study, the leaf-dip bioassay method was used to evaluate emamectin benzoate (EMB) sublethal concentrations. Results showed that EMB proved high toxicity against S. littorals with LC50 value of 0.019 mg liter−1. Life table analysis showed that treatments with LC5 and LC15 prolonged larval period, mean longevity of males and females, mean generation time (T), doubling time (DT), adult preovipositional period (APOP), and total preovipositional period (TPOP) compared with control. On the contrary, net reproduction rates (R0), intrinsic rates of increase (r), finite rate (λ), fecundity, gross reproductive rate (GRR), and relative fitness were decreased compared to control. Conclusions The current study clarified that sublethal concentrations of EMB induce adverse effects and suppress the population growth of S. littorals. Our results would be useful to assess the overall effects of EMB on S. littorals and can contribute effectively in pest management.

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